五大基本句型

1、.句子成分 主語主語 謂語謂語 賓語賓語 表語表語 賓補賓補 定語定語 狀語狀語.1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主語語謂謂語語定定語語賓賓語語同同位位語語狀狀語語.主語主語 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What h

2、e has said is true.謂語 簡單謂語簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組組成由動詞或動詞詞組組成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合謂語 由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞動詞; He can speak English well. .表語表語 在系動詞后的部分就是表語在系動詞后的部分就是表語 常見的系動詞有常見的系動詞有: be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem, feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,tur

3、n,become, get,grow,come,go etc. 系動詞不用于被動語態(tài)系動詞不用于被動語態(tài). The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need.賓語賓語 賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語直接賓語指物指物,間接賓語指人間接賓語指人. He g

4、ave me some books.間接間接賓語賓語直接直接賓語賓語.please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.賓語補足語賓語補足語 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a

5、 hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)后主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)后,賓語補足語變成主補賓語補足語變成主補. I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.Theteacher caught the student cheating in the exam The student was caught cheating in the ex

6、am We made him monitor.He was made monitor.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.定語定語 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is

7、 good. I met a friend on my way home.(形容詞形容詞)(名詞名詞)(數(shù)詞數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格名詞的所有格)(動名詞動名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞過去分詞)(副詞副詞).The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.狀語狀語 用

8、于修飾形容詞用于修飾形容詞,副詞副詞,動詞動詞,介詞短語或句介詞短語或句子子.可表示時間可表示時間,地點地點,原因原因,結(jié)果結(jié)果,目的目的,方式方式,伴隨伴隨,條件條件,程度程度,讓步讓步,頻率等頻率等. I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. Hi

9、s parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school.1.They work hard. 主主 + 謂謂2.The flower is dead. 主主 + 系系 + 表表3.Plants need water. 主主 + 謂謂 + 賓賓4.He gives me some seeds. 主主

10、+ 謂謂 + 直賓直賓 + 間間賓賓5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主主 + 謂謂 + 賓賓 + 賓補賓補6.Many animals live in trees. 主主 + 謂謂.英語五種基本句型列式如下：英語五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：基本句型一： + （主謂）（主謂） 基本句型二：基本句型二： + + （主系表）（主系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： + + （主謂賓）（主謂賓） 基本句型四：基本句型四： + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓）（主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五：基本句型五： + + +（主謂賓賓補）（主謂賓賓補）.翻譯練習(xí)翻譯

11、練習(xí):1.你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 3.那天早上我們談了很多。那天早上我們談了很多。 4.會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。You should study hard.She went home very late yesterday evening.That morning we talked a great deal.The meeting will last two hours.本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語加本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語加不及物不及物的謂語動詞構(gòu)成的謂語動詞構(gòu)成, 常用來常用來表示主語的動作表示主語的動作。如：如：The sun rises.主語可

12、有修飾語主語可有修飾語-定語，如，定語，如，The red sun rises.謂語可有修飾語謂語可有修飾語-狀語，狀語，如，如，The red sun rises in the east 這類句型中，謂語動詞后可以不帶任成分這類句型中，謂語動詞后可以不帶任成分,但在大但在大多數(shù)情況下多數(shù)情況下,跟著狀語性質(zhì)的修飾語。例如：跟著狀語性質(zhì)的修飾語。例如：He worked hard /in a factory /to support his family.1.昨晚我寫了一封信。昨晚我寫了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night.2.這本書他讀過多次了。這本書他讀過多次了。

13、 He has read this book many times.3.他們成功地完成了計劃。他們成功地完成了計劃。(carry out) They have carried out the plan successfully.4.你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。(finish doing)You must finish reading these books in two weeks.二、主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（二、主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（S十十V+O）在此句式中在此句式中V代表代表及物動詞或及物動詞詞組及物動詞或及物動詞詞組(vt)，只有及物動詞或及物動詞短語，只有及物動詞或及物動詞短語才

14、能且必才能且必須須接賓語，因此后有賓語；賓語須是接賓語，因此后有賓語；賓語須是名詞或名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分。相當(dāng)于名詞的成分。 例如：例如： eg: I saw a film . 譯：我看了一部電影。譯：我看了一部電影。 eg: They took good care of the children 譯：他們把這些孩子照看得很好。譯：他們把這些孩子照看得很好。 .1、這臺機器出了毛病。、這臺機器出了毛病。2、 天氣變得相當(dāng)暖和。天氣變得相當(dāng)暖和。3、 這些玫瑰聞起來很香。這些玫瑰聞起來很香。4、 他的臉紅了。他的臉紅了。The motor is out of order/ goes wrong

15、.The weather is getting quite warm. The roses smell sweet. His face turned red. 三、三、S十十V十十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 說明：說明：本結(jié)構(gòu)是由本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語表語組成，主要用以說明組成，主要用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。 P一般是一般是形容詞或形容詞或名詞或名詞性質(zhì)的短語名詞或名詞性質(zhì)的短語，V是是系動詞系動詞,常見的系動詞有：常見的系動詞有：（1）表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的）表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, appear, feel, look

16、, smell, taste, sound. （2）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue.（3）表示狀態(tài)變化的）表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, fall, come, grow.四、四、S十十V十十O十十C 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu) 此結(jié)構(gòu)由此結(jié)構(gòu)由主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語賓語+賓語補足語賓語補足語構(gòu)成。及物動詞本身需要一個賓語外，構(gòu)成。及物動詞本身需要一個賓語外， 還還需要加上一個成分來補充說明賓語，才能需要加上一個成分來補充說明賓語，才能表達(dá)一個完整的意思。表達(dá)一個完整的意思?？梢杂米鲑e補的有，可以用

17、做賓補的有，名詞，形容詞，副詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞。如：。如： 1.The sun keeps us warm.2.I heard him singing.3.You must get your hair cut.特別提醒特別提醒: A. 現(xiàn)在分詞為賓語補足語時，現(xiàn)在分詞為賓語補足語時，賓語與現(xiàn)在分賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動關(guān)系詞之間是主動關(guān)系；過去分詞為賓語補足語時；過去分詞為賓語補足語時,賓語與過去分詞之間是被動關(guān)系。賓語與過去分詞之間是被動關(guān)系。I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I of

18、ten hear this song sung in the street.B. 在在let(讓讓)，make(使得使得)，have（請，讓，使得），（請，讓，使得），see(看看)，hear(聽到聽到)，watch(觀看觀看)，feel(感覺到感覺到)，listen to (傾聽傾聽)，notice(注意到注意到)等動詞后的賓語補等動詞后的賓語補足語如果為不定式，足語如果為不定式， 則省掉則省掉”to”,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，態(tài)時， 則要帶則要帶”to”. e.g：1.The teacher asked me to answer the question. 2.We hear her

19、 sing next door. 3.She is heard to sing next door.五、五、S十十V十十Oi十十Od 主謂雙賓主謂雙賓說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語主語+及物謂語動詞及物謂語動詞+間接賓語（人）間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）直接賓語（事物）”組成。如：組成。如： He brings me cookies every day.但若要但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），后說間接賓語（人），則則要借助于介詞要借助于介詞to或或for。如：。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She m

20、ade a beautiful dress for me.用用to側(cè)重指動作側(cè)重指動作對對誰而做，表示誰而做，表示朝著，向著，對著朝著，向著，對著某人。某人。用用for 側(cè)重指動作側(cè)重指動作為為誰而做，誰而做，表示為了某人，替某人表示為了某人，替某人。.雙賓語只能跟在某些動詞后面，主要有三類動詞：雙賓語只能跟在某些動詞后面，主要有三類動詞：（一）（一） give, tell, teach, bring, lend, show, hand, offer, pay等。等。Examples: 1. Please hand him a book. 2. Please hand a book to hi

21、m.1.1.她給了我一些漂亮的照片。她給了我一些漂亮的照片。2.2.布萊克先生教我英語。布萊克先生教我英語。3.3.我付給了修理工我付給了修理工5050元。元。She gave me some beautiful pictures.Mr. Black teaches us English.I paid the repairman fifty yuan.（二）（二）buy, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等。等。這一類動詞后的間接賓語可以用一個介詞這一類動詞后的間接賓語可以用一個介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語引導(dǎo)的短語來表示。來表示。 你給孩子們?nèi)↑c水來好嗎？你給

22、孩子們?nèi)↑c水來好嗎？ 你愿意幫我一下忙嗎？你愿意幫我一下忙嗎？ 請給我們唱首歌好嗎？請給我們唱首歌好嗎？Would you fetch some water for the children?Would you do me a favour (do a favor for me)?Will you sing us a song?.（三）（三）ask, answer, take, cost等，這一類詞后的兩個賓語等，這一類詞后的兩個賓語 都是直接賓語，無法改變其結(jié)構(gòu)形式。都是直接賓語，無法改變其結(jié)構(gòu)形式。 我可以問你一個問題嗎？我可以問你一個問題嗎？ 請先回答我一個問題。請先回答我一個問題。 3. 買這輛新自行車花了他買這輛新自行車花了他300元。元。May I ask you a question?Please answer me a question.The new