2016中考語法專項名詞講與練

1、語法專項名詞講與練一、名詞分類名   詞類別意     義例       詞專有名詞表示具體的人名、事物、國家、地名、機構(gòu)、團體等的專有名稱Gina , China, Beijing, the U.N,the Palace Museum普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示單個人的人或事物girl, boy, book, banana, computer,集合名詞表示一群人或一些事物的總稱peop

2、le, police, team, clothes, group不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)(液態(tài)、顆粒、肉類)water, ice, pork, cheese,  cotton, broccoli抽象名詞表示抽象概念的詞fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care二、 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則情況詞尾變化讀  音例    

3、  詞一般情況加s在清輔音后讀/s/chips,  jeeps, pats , clocks在濁輔音或元音后讀/z/boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的單詞加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞去y 變i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe結(jié)尾的單詞去f或fe變v 

4、;加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以字母o結(jié)尾的單詞無生命的名詞前加s,有生命的加es/z/zoos, photos, bamboos,tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,三、不可數(shù)名詞量的表達。類型英語漢譯例子容器cup杯a cup of tea, two cups of coffeeglass杯a glass of water, three glasses of juicebottle瓶a bottle of pop, seven bottles of waterbowl碗a

5、bowl of rice, four bowls of soupbox箱，盒a box of chalk, five boxes of chalkbag袋a bag of rice, six bags of rice個數(shù)piece 張；條；塊；片a piece of meat, two pieces of advice, three pieces of paper度量kilo公斤a kilo of oil, two kilos of oilpound磅a pound of beef, three pounds of beef四、名詞所有格。類型構(gòu)成方法例子 有生命的名詞在詞尾加s，或用of 結(jié)

6、構(gòu)Li Mings book或the book of Li MingChildrens Day, Womens work以s結(jié)尾的直接加students books, Teachers Day無生命的名詞表示時間、距離、國家、城鎮(zhèn)一般在詞尾加san hours drive, Chinas first gold medal其他一般用of結(jié)構(gòu)a photo of my family五、特例清單 1. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化  (1)單詞中元音字母的改變。例如：  manmen, womanwomen, toothteeth, 

7、footfeet, goosegeese, mousemice (2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形。例如：ChineseChinese, deerdeer, fishfish, sheepsheep(3)由man 和woman修飾其他名詞時，man和woman的形式隨著被修飾的名詞而變化。 例如： a man doctortwo men doctors, a woman teacherthree women teachers    &

8、#160;注意：有些名詞表示一種物體具有不可分割的相同的兩部分,在使用時只有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, scissors等。有些名詞從形式上看是復(fù)數(shù), 實際上是單數(shù)(其后的謂語動詞要用單數(shù))。例如：maths, physics, politics, news2. 不可數(shù)名詞不能直接表達數(shù)量，因此，他們前面不能用a / an來修飾，也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞都屬于不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式, 但有其特殊用法。例如：   hope

9、hopes      differencedifferences 3. 既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)的名詞。英語中根據(jù)表示的意義不同，有些名詞既可以做可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞。orange：橙汁(不可數(shù))，橙子(可數(shù))paper：紙張(不可數(shù))，試卷(可數(shù))fish：魚肉(不可數(shù))，魚(可數(shù))glass：玻璃(不可數(shù))，玻璃杯(可數(shù))4. 在使用名詞所有格時，如果表示兩人共有的物體, 則在第二個名詞后加s; 如果分別是兩人所有, 則在每個名詞后面加s。例如：Lucy and Lilys room&#

10、160;( 指屬于兩人共有的房間)Mrs. Greens and Mrs. Browns sons ( 指各自的兒子)     5. 表示某具體場所時, 所有格后面的名詞可省略。例如：at the doctors (office)   在醫(yī)生的診所 at Mr. Browns 在布朗先生家6. 雙重所有格的構(gòu)成方式為：of +s或of +名詞性物主代詞或名詞的所有格。如：a big house&#

11、160;of Toms Tom的一所新房子a friend of his 她的一個朋友7. “數(shù)詞+名詞單數(shù)”構(gòu)成的符合形容詞作前置定語。例如：a seven-day holidayI. 可數(shù)名詞練習(xí)1. Its your _ to protect the environment. A. duty B. hobby C. habit D. manner 2. We should keep _ clean.  A. toothes     B. tooths     C. our too

12、ths    D. our teeth 3. These are my _.  A. box    B. a box    C. boxes    D. the boxes4. The teacher said we needed to choose three _ for the concert.A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers5. There are four chairs in my room, one i

13、n each _. A. side B. floor C. wall D. cornerII. 不可數(shù)名詞練習(xí)6. Does Mr. Brown like Chinese _.  A. foodB. foodsC. any foodD. some food7. We have bought two _ for the coming party.A. box of appleB. boxes of applesC. box of applesD. boxes of apple8. I am very thirty. Would you please bring me some _? A

14、. rices B. cakesC. orangeD. a piece of bread9. He was so thirsty that he drank _. A. two glass of waterB. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of waterD. two glass water10. I asked her for _ water, but she didnt have _. A. any, someB. any, anyC. some, someD. some, anyIII. 名詞所有格練習(xí)11. Lucy has been to

15、 _ many times this year.A. her teachersB. her teacherC. his teachersD. his teacher12. This is _ table.   A. his uncleB. his uncles C. unclesD. her uncles13. After climbing 2 hours, we had _ rest.  A. a few minutesB. few minutesC. a few minutes D. few minutes14. Mr. Li i

16、s a friend of _.A. Johns uncleB. John unclesC. Johns unclesD. John uncle15. _ desk is the cleanest in the classroom. A. Anns and TomB. Ann and TomsC. Ann and TomD. Anns and Toms綜合練習(xí) 1. Id like a _ for dessert. Fruit, you know, is good for health. A. potatoB. bananaC. candyD. pie2. Marys skirt is the

17、 same as her _. A. sisterB. brotherC. sistersD. brothers3. This is _ football. Why not ask them if you need it? A. Tom and HelenB. Toms and Helen C. Tom and HelensD. Toms and Helens4. Who is that man on the bike, Li Ming? He is _. A. an old friend of my father B. an old friend of my fathers C. my fa

18、thers an old friendD. a my fathers friend5. How many _ are there on the tables?Five _. A. orange; orangeB. oranges; orange C. orange; orangesD. oranges; oranges6. Jason likes the _ of the cake. It is a heart. A. colorB. sizeC. smellD. shape7. There are so many strict traffic _ which drivers must obe

19、y. Its good for traffic safety. A. signsB. rulesC. waysD. cares8. Tom, you are always full of _. May I know the secret? Well, I just take plenty of exercise every day. A. energyB. loveC. interestD. power 9. How far is it from your home to school?About twenty _ walk.A. minute B. minutesC. minutesD. m

20、inutes 10. Young children can easily lose reading skills during the summer vacation without _. A. practiceB. discussionC. homeworkD. education  11. I want a sweet milk. Put some _ in my cup, please. A. iceB. soupC. saltD. sugar 12. Its a _ to get ready to help the people in need. A. chanceB. sh

21、ameC. pleasureD. pity 13. There are few _ in the fridge. Lets go to buy some bananas and apples. A. fruitB. meatC. vegetablesD. drinks14. We all believe his words because he is an honest _. A. boyB. girlC. menD. woman 15. When I hurried to the airport, the lady at the window told me that there were

22、no _ left on that plane. A. placesB. seatsC. spaceD. room 真題演練 1.(2014·蘭州) _ is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.A. The carB. The trainC. Paper-makingD. The computer 2. (2014·重慶) Lily, could you please pass me the _? I want 

23、;to cut the apple.     Sure, here you are.A. penB. pencilC. book D. knife3. (2014·湖州) Look at the clouds, so beautiful!Wow, so many different _, horses, sheep, flowersA. sizesB. shapesC. colorsD. styles 4. (2014·杭州)

24、 I am tired. This is not the right _ to ask me to go for a walk.A. momentB. chanceC. placeD. season5. (2014·宜賓) In this test, were asked to write a passage of about _. A. 80-wordsB. 80-wordC. 80 wordsD. 80 words6. (2014·寧波) Mum, I want to buy an iPhone 5s for a change. Well, I think there

25、is no _. Its almost the same as an Phone 4s. A. reasonB. needC. answerD. way7. (2014·安徽) More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan.Thats true. It has become the _ of Anhui.A. prideB. effortC. praiseD. courage8. (2014·重慶B) Whats your favorite _, Bob? Cats. Theyre so lovely.A. plant

26、B. jobC. sportD. animal9. (2014·連云港) Nobody knows which team will win the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.Yes. That is the _ of the beautiful game.A. questionB. luckC. hopeD. magic10. (2014·鄂州) Do you come to South Korea for the _ of seeing your family or doing business?I come here on business.A.

27、 interestB. benefitC. purposeD. thought11. (2014·東營) What _ will global warming (全球變暖) bring us? Scientists have given us a clear list. A. newsB. dangersC. coursesD. advantages12. (2014·呼和浩特) When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a _.A. noticeB. messageC. sentenceD. information13. (201

28、4·十堰) What would you like to say to your _ before leaving school?Id like to say “Thank you very much! Ive learnt a lot from you in the past three years.” A. teachers B. workersC. doctorsD. engineers14. (2014·眉山) _ is it from the school to the post office?Its about ten _ walk.A. How far; mi

29、nutesB. How far; minutes C. How long; minutesD. How long; minutes15. (2014·長沙) Is the schoolbag under the desk yours? No, its my_. He left it there just now. A. brotherB. brothersC. brothers16. ( 2015·德州) The New York Times is a popular daily _. A. dictionaryB. magazineC. newspaperD. guide

30、book17. (2015·江西) There are lots of _ that students have to follow in school. A. exercisesB. problemsC. skillsD. rules18. (2015·天津) In 1998, Liu Xiangs _ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Jiangping. A. abilityB. tradeC. electricityD. memory19. (2015·安徽) How can I get some _ about the 201

31、6 Olympic Games?Why not search the Internet?A. informationB. experienceC. practiceD. success 20. (2015·泰安) The Chinese saying “A tree cant make a forest” tells us that _ is very important in a football match. A. abilityB. decisionC. teamworkD. experience21. (2015·克拉瑪依) _ are planning to go

32、 on vacation. A. BlacksB. A BlacksC. The BlacksD. The Blacks22. (2015·蘇州) None of them talked. They finished their meal in _. A. silenceB. orderC. placeD. public23. (2015·溫州) Annie has a _, and she is going to see her dentist today. A. coldB. feverC. coughD. toothache24. (2015·武威) He has a collection of _. He can not only enjoy them but also use them to mail letters. A. stamps