托福寫(xiě)作需整體和諧 詞匯與語(yǔ)法慎用

1、 智 課 網(wǎng) 托 福 備 考 資 料 托福寫(xiě)作需整體和諧 詞匯與語(yǔ)法慎用考生的作文雖然需要出彩，但也要與整體文章的風(fēng)格相一致。下面我們就來(lái)看看托福寫(xiě)作中讓人覺(jué)得變扭的地方。在托福寫(xiě)作考試過(guò)程中，很多考生沾沾自喜，覺(jué)得自己剛剛寫(xiě)了一個(gè)即使用了高級(jí)詞匯又使用了偏難語(yǔ)法的句子，殊不知，這個(gè)句子放在其中有多變扭。考生的作文雖然需要出彩，但也要與整體文章的風(fēng)格相一致。下面我們就來(lái)看看托福寫(xiě)作中讓人覺(jué)得變扭的地方。一. 不一致(Disagreements所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等。例1. When one have money ,he can do what

2、he want to .(人一旦有了錢(qián)，他就能想干什么就干什么。剖析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has;同理，want應(yīng)改為wants。本句是典型的主謂不一致。改為：Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do二. 修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位(Misplaced Modifiers英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同，同一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化。對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)中國(guó)學(xué)生往往沒(méi)有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解。例1. I believe I can do it well and I will betterknow the wor

3、ld outside the campus。剖析：better位置不當(dāng)，應(yīng)置于句末。三. 句子不完整(Sentence Fragments在口語(yǔ)中，交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語(yǔ)氣上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解?？墒菚?shū)面語(yǔ)就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清，這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫(xiě)完以后，筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)發(fā)生。例1. There are many ways to know the society. For exampleby TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on.剖析：本句后半部分"for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper

4、 andso on?！辈皇且粋€(gè)完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ)，不能獨(dú)立成句。 改為：There are many ways to know society ,for example ,byTV ,radio ,and newspaper.四. 懸垂修飾語(yǔ)(Dangling Modifiers所謂懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是指句首的短語(yǔ)與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。例如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中"at the ageof ten"只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí)，但沒(méi)有說(shuō)明”誰(shuí)”十歲時(shí)。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我們把這個(gè)

5、懸垂修飾語(yǔ)改明確一點(diǎn)，全句就不那么費(fèi)解了。改為：When I was ten, my grandfather died.例1. To do well in college, good grades are essential.剖析：句中不定式短語(yǔ) “to do well in college”的邏輯主語(yǔ)不清楚。改為：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.五. 詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等。例1. None can negative t

6、he importance of money.剖析：negative 系形容詞，誤作動(dòng)詞。改為：None can deny the importance of money.六. 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to beher bridesmaid.(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟?。讀完上面這一句話，讀者無(wú)法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚，誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。

7、如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為： Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sisterto be her bridesmaid.例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.剖析：句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。改為：We can also know society by serving it ourselves.七. 不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences什么叫run-on

8、sentence?請(qǐng)看下面的例句。例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world.剖析：這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思：“There are manyways. ” 以及“We get to know the outsideworld. ”簡(jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。改為：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.或：There are many ways through which we can becomeacquainted with the

9、outside world.八. 措詞毛病(Troubles in DictionDiction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題，囿于教學(xué)時(shí)間緊迫，教師平時(shí)在這方面花的時(shí)間往往極其有限，影響了學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲，拿來(lái)就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculturealso makes pollution.(農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。剖析：顯然，考生把obstacles “障礙”，“障礙物”誤作substance “

10、物質(zhì)”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用”應(yīng)改為“abusive use (濫用”。改為：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture alsocauses/leads to pollution.九. 累贅(Redundancy 言以簡(jiǎn)潔為貴。寫(xiě)句子沒(méi)有一個(gè)多余的詞;寫(xiě)段落沒(méi)有一個(gè)無(wú)必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂

11、語(yǔ)從句，我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改為：In spite of his laziness, I likehim.例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is justthe thing to be used to buy the thing they need.剖析：整個(gè)句子可以大大簡(jiǎn)化。改為：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what theyneed.十. 不連貫(Incoherence不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對(duì)后語(yǔ)，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of theearth.剖析：The fresh