定語從句講解與練習(xí)(1)

1、 概念概念:在復(fù)合句中修飾在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞 的句子的句子. (Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容詞作定語形容詞作定語用句用句子作定語子作定語,修飾修飾girl, 叫做叫做定語從句定語從句1. I like music.2.The music is pleasant to listen.合并句子合并句子: :I like music that is pleasant to listen.Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合

2、并為一個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞定語從句定語從句Mary is a girl who has long hair.關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞which, who, whom, whose, thatWhere, when 定語從句的用法定語從句的用法: :當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí), , 用用which 或或that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo). .These are the trees which were planted last year.當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí), , 用用who, whom, whose, t

3、hat引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo).who, whom, whose, that用法區(qū)別用法區(qū)別.who 作定語從句的作定語從句的主語或賓語主語或賓語. The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主語作主語Whom 作定語從句的作定語從句的賓語賓語 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit th

4、e woman.分解分解作賓語作賓語whose 作定語從句的作定語從句的定語定語. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定語作定語that 可以作定語從句的可以作定語從句的主語和賓語主語和賓語.注意注意: : 關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)可關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)可 省略省略. . The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.1當(dāng)先行詞前有當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)，或以下這些

5、限，形容詞最高級(jí)，或以下這些限定詞：定詞：the only，the same，the last, the very 等等修飾修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that。3.This is the only gift _I have got from him.在定語從句中，只用在定語從句中，只用 that 不用不用 which 的的5種情況：種情況：that1.This is my first trip _I have made in my life.2.The most beautiful place _he has visited is Guilin.thatthat4. It is th

6、e very pen _ I am looking for. 5. The last place _they visited in China was Mount Hua.thatthat6. This is the very book _ belongs to him.that2當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞時(shí)，如當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞時(shí)，如：anything， all，no, some, every, everything， nothing， none，much， little 等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that。3當(dāng)有兩個(gè)以上的先行詞，且先行詞中當(dāng)有兩個(gè)以上的先行詞，且先行詞中有人也有物有

7、人也有物 時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that。thatthat 1. She took away everything _belongs to her.The old man talked about the persons and things _he could remember. 2.You can borrow any book _ you want to read. The writer and his novel _ you talked about just now are really well known.thatthat3.Im sure she has someth

8、ing _ you can borrow.that 4. Ive read all the books_ I borrowed from Betty. that Who is the girl _spoke to you just now? Which is the car _was made in China?4) .當(dāng)主句以當(dāng)主句以who 或或which 開頭時(shí)開頭時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞只用關(guān)系代詞只用that。thatthat5) .當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是There be 句型中的主語句型中的主語并并且指物時(shí)且指物時(shí), 關(guān)關(guān)系代詞只用系代詞只用that。 There is little work

9、_ you can do.that1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John sp

10、oke is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat1.這就是救了那個(gè)孩子命的醫(yī)生這就是救了那個(gè)孩子命的醫(yī)生.This is the doctor who saved the

11、 boys life.2.正在跑步的那個(gè)人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那個(gè)人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3. 我喜歡可以隨之而唱的音樂我喜歡可以隨之而唱的音樂. I like the music that I can sing along with.4. 住在隔壁的那個(gè)女的是一名教師住在隔壁的那個(gè)女的是一名教師. The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 只能使用which的情況。 1、非限制性定語從句中。 eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2、在

12、介詞之后。 eg. This is a house in which lives an old man. 3、當(dāng)主句中的主語被that修飾時(shí)。 eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary. 修飾人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞修飾人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞that 和和who, whom的區(qū)分的區(qū)分。當(dāng)主句中的主語是who時(shí)，只能用that。 eg. Who is the girl that is standing over there?在非限制性定語從句中以及介詞后面時(shí)只能用who 或者whom。 eg. I have a son, who is real

13、ly lovely and interesting. There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.關(guān)系代詞whose既能修飾人，也能修飾物，在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語，修飾先行詞。 eg. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful. Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的用法以及與關(guān)系代詞的用法以及與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)分。的區(qū)分。關(guān)系副

14、詞在定語從句當(dāng)中只能充當(dāng)狀語，當(dāng)一個(gè)句子能夠完整地表達(dá)一個(gè)意思時(shí)，我們就可以給這個(gè)句子加上特定的關(guān)系副詞。 eg. I wont forget the time when I got married. Have you still remember the days when we stayed together? This is the place where we had a good time. Is this the house where Mr Smith lives? I dont know the reason why he wont join us. Do you know t

15、he reason why he didnt come to sweep the classroom?關(guān)系副詞when, where和關(guān)系代詞that, which的區(qū)分。同樣是修飾一個(gè)地點(diǎn)，有時(shí)使用where，有時(shí)使用that/which；同樣是修飾一個(gè)時(shí)間，有時(shí)使用when， 有時(shí)使用that/which。這主要看兩點(diǎn)：一是定語從句是否完整；二是定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是否是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。請(qǐng)比較以下句子： This is the park that we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party. Sh

16、e wont forget the days that she spent on the island. She wont forget the days when they stayed together. Thats the date when we went to the college. Thats the date that she wont forget for ever. I like the time when we lived together. I like the time that we had together.關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 和介詞+whi

17、ch之間的關(guān)系。關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which介詞的位置非常靈活，有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。 eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reaso

18、n why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. Consolidation exercises. Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns. 1. This is the only book _ I got last year. 2. Is this the book in _ you are interested? 3. This is the largest

19、animal _ Tom saw in the zoo. 4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist (存在)in the mother school. 5. All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful. 6. Do you have any money _is used to build the factory? 7. Tom has a toy, _ was given by his father. 8. This is the second watch _ my fath

20、er bought for me. Exercises : Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time. 5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I to