定語(yǔ)從句,學(xué)生,初中

1、定語(yǔ)從句2016年8月7號(hào) 有關(guān)概念：1、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞的從句，就叫定語(yǔ)從句。2、先行詞被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞是就叫先行詞。3、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞連接定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞的詞就是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why。【1】由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 例如：She is(她就是) the teacher who teaches them chemistry(教他們化學(xué)的老師). the teacher被who teaches them chemistry修飾，是先行詞， who tea

2、ches them chemistry修飾the teacher，作定語(yǔ)，是定語(yǔ)從句,who引出定語(yǔ)從句是關(guān)系代詞。又如：I still remember(我還記得) the day when I joined the League(我入團(tuán)的那天). the day被 when I joined the League修飾，是先行詞，when I joined the League修飾the day, 作定語(yǔ)， 是定語(yǔ)從句。when 引出定語(yǔ)從句是關(guān)系副詞。定語(yǔ)從句常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。1).關(guān)系代詞who, whom, that指人, who，that在定語(yǔ)從

3、句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，whom只能作賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)，可和who互換。that, whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省去。例如：He is(他就是) the man who/that wants to see you (想見你的人).（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）He is(他就是) the man whom/ that I saw yesterday(我昨天見的那個(gè)人).（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ),可以省去）2).that,which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，可以互換，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省去。例如：He is interested in(他對(duì)感興趣) the book that/which his

4、grandfather gave him(他爺爺給的書).（which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以省去）Weve forgotten(我們已經(jīng)忘記了) the popular song which/that was taught by Mrs Brown last term(上學(xué)期布朗夫人教我們的那首流行歌曲). （which/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）3). whose 用來(lái)指人或物,只用作定語(yǔ),指物，它還可以同of which互換；指人，它可以同of whom互換。例如：They rushed over to help the man (大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙那人)whose(=of whom)

5、 car had broken down(他的車壞了).Please pass me the book(請(qǐng)遞給我那本書) whose （=of which） cover is green(它的封面是綠皮色的).【2】關(guān)系代詞that 和which 的用法 1）只能用which,不用that的情況:a).引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),不能用that。 例如：The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. Which不可改成 thatb).介詞后不能用that。 例如：We depend on the land(我們依賴土地

6、) from which we get our food(從中獲得食物). We depend on the land (我們依賴土地)that/which we get our food from(從中獲得食物).2).只能用that,不能用which的情況:a).在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 例如:On the desk there is(在桌上有) a key that can be used for opening the door(一把可用來(lái)開門的鑰匙). b).先行詞為不定代詞，如：anything(任何東西，任何事情), everything(每樣?xùn)|

7、西，每件事情), nothing(每有東西，沒(méi)有事情),還有 the one(那一個(gè)), all(所有的人或東西), much(很多), few(很少), any(任何一個(gè)), little(很少，幾乎沒(méi)有)等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。例如:All that is needed(所需的) is a supply of oil(只是供油問(wèn)題).There is(有) something that I can do for you(我可以為你做的事情).Finally(最終), the thief(那賊) handed everything that he had stolen(把

8、偷的全部東西) to the police(交給了警察).c）先行詞有the only(唯一的), the very(正是)修飾時(shí)，只用that。例如:He is(他就是) the only man that was invited to the party(被邀請(qǐng)去參加晚會(huì)的唯一的人).This is(這) the very scenic spot that we want to visit(正是我們想?yún)⒂^的風(fēng)景區(qū)). d).先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只用that。例如:This is(這是) the most interesting novel that I read(我讀過(guò)的最

9、有趣的小說(shuō)).The first English magazine that he read(他看的第一本英文雜志) is China Today(是今日中國(guó)).e).先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。例如:They are talking about(他們正在談?wù)? the persons and things that they know(他們知道的人和事).單項(xiàng)選擇題： ( )1. Ill tell you_ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which ( )2. Were talking about the pi

10、ano and the pianist _were in the concert we attended last night.A. which B. whom C. who D. that ( )3. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing ( )4. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn

11、B. who C. that learns D. who learn ( )5. Anyone _this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against( )6. Didnt you see the man_? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now ( )7. Is there anything _

12、 to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs ( )8. There is only one thing _ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which ( )9. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. Cwhom( )10.The place_ interested me most was the Children'

13、;s Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which( )11.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which( )12.This is one of the best films_. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked( )

14、13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose( )14.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what( )15.You're the only person_ I've ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;

15、/ D./; who將下列短語(yǔ)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)：1. the person I spoke to just now 2. the magazine that I bought the day before yesterday 3. the cat which was killed the car 4. the ideas that they are discussing now 5. the book which/ that he borrowed yesterday 6. the train which/that arrived in London 7. everything that took

16、place in the office 8. the girl whose mother is working in that hospital 9. the office building which was built last year 10. a house whose windows face south 將下列短語(yǔ)譯成英語(yǔ)：1.媽媽給我的禮物 2. 站在那里的那個(gè)老太太 3. 他聽過(guò)的第一首英文歌 4. 我的父親買的雜志 5. 正和麥克交談的科學(xué)家 6. 上周看的那部英文電影 7. 我的叔開的那輛車 8. 通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)考試的學(xué)生9. 我們參觀過(guò)的那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng) 10. 我們要做的每一件事情【

17、3】“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句由“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句This is(這是) the house in which I lived two years ago(我兩年前住過(guò)的房子).。= This is(這是) the house where I lived two years ago(我兩年前住過(guò)的房子).Do you remember(還記得) the day on which you joined our club(你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎)?= Do you remember(還記得) the day when you joined our

18、club(你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎)?注意：1).介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 2).that前不能有介詞。3).某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換?！?】關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 在定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞，就要用關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),即：when(= at/on/in which), where(=at/on/in which), why(= for which)，

19、因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：We will never forget the day when（= on which） we get together.我們永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們相聚的日子。Beijing is(北京是) the place where（= in which） I was born(我出生的地方).This is(這就是) the reason why （= for which） he refused our offer(他拒絕我們幫助的理由).2）that也可以充當(dāng)關(guān)系副詞，可以用在表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的“先行詞”后，取代when,

20、where, why和"介詞+ which"，引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find(他不大可能找到) the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago(他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方).I dont like the way（=that/in which） you talk to your parents

21、. 我不喜歡你給你父母說(shuō)話的方式?！?】判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞取決從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如果定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，就必須用關(guān)系代詞；如果定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，要求用關(guān)系副詞。如：This is (這是)the mountain village where I stayed last year(我去年呆過(guò)的山村).I'll never forget(我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記) the days when I worked together with you(與你共事的日子).判斷改錯(cuò)：（錯(cuò)） This is the mountain village

22、 where I visited last year.（錯(cuò)） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對(duì)） This is(這就是) the mountain village （which） I visited last year(我去年參觀的小山村).（對(duì)） I'll never forget (我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了)the days （which） I spent in the countryside(我在鄉(xiāng)下讀過(guò)的那些日子). 習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩

23、題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A 。例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ag

24、o.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)，表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中 介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, th

25、at, which, whose）； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 （ where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)）。單項(xiàng)選擇題：( )1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those( )2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one ( )3. Is this factory_some foreign frie

26、nds visited last Friday?A. that B. where C. which D. the one ( )4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one ( )5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be bound. A. that B. where C. in which ( )6. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the mach

27、ine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether ( )7. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which ( )8. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that ( )9. -“How do you like the book?” -“Its qui

28、te different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what ( )10. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others ( )11. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in

29、that ( )12. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept.A.where B.in which C.under which D. which ( )13. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which ( )14. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never

30、forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which ( )15. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where ( )16. The hotel _during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed C. we stayed

31、D. in that we stayed ( )17. Do you know which hotel_? A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying in ( )18. Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that ( )19. I have many books, some of _ are on chemistry. A. them B. that

32、 C. which D. those ( )20. They were interested _ you told them. A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything( )21. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. /( )22. The great day we looked forward to _at last. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes 將下列短語(yǔ)翻譯成

33、漢語(yǔ)：1.the students who were from the US 2. the dictionary my teacher asked me to buy 3. the train on which I came to New York 4. the noise that woke everybody up5. the reason why he came late 6. the man with whom I traveled last year 7. the place in which(= when ) he was born 8. the store in which（=

34、where） we bought presents 9.the reason for which(= why ) he failed in the exam 10. his best friend with whom he has worked for over six years將下列短語(yǔ)翻譯成英語(yǔ)：1.我們的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生的一切 2.我的父親曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的工廠 3.他去年參觀過(guò)的公園 4. 她上學(xué)遲到的原因 5. 我想學(xué)的那首歌曲 6. 他在找的錢包 7. 我們相見的那一天 8. 常常幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的那位同學(xué) 9.你給我講的那個(gè)故事 10. 我們住過(guò)的那家賓館【6】限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(3) 1

35、).定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。例如：This is the house which we bought last month(我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子).（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性）2）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith(查理

36、83;史密斯), who was my former teacher(他曾經(jīng)是我的老師), retired last year(去年退休了).My house, which I bought last year(我去年買的的那幢房子), has got a lovely garden(帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園).。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：He seemed to have

37、 a bad headache, which made his mother worried.The Great Wall lies in the north of China, which is known to us all.說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。（ ）1. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which （ ）2. He must be from Africa, _ca

38、n be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. which （ ）3. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom （ ）4. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is （ ）5. He is a man of great experie

39、nce, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom （ ）6. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, _ much help for knowing space. A. which we think it is B. which we think are of C. of which we think is D. I think which is of （ ）7. The great day we looked forward to _at

40、 last. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes （ ）8. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. （ ）9.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that（ ）10.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on

41、whom C. with which D. with whom（ ）11.Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose（ ）12.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as（ ）13.He isn't such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as（ ）14.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what（ ）15.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him（ ）16.I don't like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such