英語教案句子成分

1、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)句子成分分析教學(xué)難點(diǎn)句子成分分析教學(xué)過程教師活動10大詞類： 實(shí)詞：名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動詞、副詞。虛詞：介詞、連詞、感嘆詞、冠詞。 1、 名詞(n.)： 表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代詞(pron.)： 主要用來代替名詞。如：who, she, you, it .3、形容詞(adj.)：表示人或事物的性質(zhì)或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、數(shù)詞(num.)： 表示數(shù)目或事物的順序。如：one, two, three, first, second,

2、third, fourth.5、動詞(v.)： 表示動作或狀態(tài)。如：am, is, are, have, see .6、副詞(adv.)： 修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，說明時間、地點(diǎn)、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠詞(art.)：用在名詞前，幫助說明名詞。如：a, an, the.8、介詞(prep.)： 表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。如in, on, from, above, behind.9、連詞(conj.)： 用來連接詞、短語或句子。如and, but, before .10、感嘆詞(interj.)：表

3、示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.【2010江蘇·鎮(zhèn)江】四、 詞匯運(yùn)用（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）A）根據(jù)句意，用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空，每空一詞。36. So far, I havent made a (decide) about where to go for the coming summer holidays.37. This year it has rained so (heavy) in South China that lots of problems are caused.38. When we walked past

4、 the playground yesterday, we found him (lie) on the grass, enjoying the sunset.39. Jack is busy preparing for a party to celebrate his sisters (twelve) birthday. He wants to give her a big surprise.40. On April 14th, an earthquake hit Yushu and destroyed its (beautiful) completely.Its a great pity.

5、B) 根據(jù)句義，用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。91. The old should be spoken to _(polite).92. My family lives in the _(center) park of the city.93. He is too _(care) to pass the final exam.94. Poetry is a beautiful way to express _(think) and feelings.C) 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。96. Betty is often seen _ (help) the old man with his

6、housework.97. He prefers _ (take) part in the public activities rather than stay at home alone.98. They _ (agree) with each other, so they argued for a long time.99. Animals are our friends, so _ (protect) them is our duty.【2011山東泰安】（二）綜合填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用方框中所給詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空，使文章通順、完整。（每詞限用一次）f

7、irst, use, be, another, buy, open, whenever, talk, but also, touch “Thank you” is widely (76) in a modern society. It is a very good manner. You should say “Thank you” (77) others help you or say something kind to you. For example: when someone (78) the door for you, when someone says you have done

8、your work well, when someone says you have (79) a nice shirt, or your city (80) very beautiful, you should say “Thank you”. “Thank you” is used not only between friends, (81) between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives.“Excuse me” is (82) short polite usage. We use it as t

9、he same as “Thank you”. When you hear someone say so behind you, youd got to know that somebody wants to walk past you without (83) you. It is not polite to interrupt (打斷) others while they are (84). If you want to have a word with one of them, please say “Excuse me” (85), and then begin to talk. Yo

10、u should also do so when you want to cough or make any unpleasant noise before others. Lets say “Thank you” and “Excuse me” on the right occasion. 英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí) 句子是按照一定的語法規(guī)律組成的，表達(dá)一個完整的意義。一個句子一般由兩部分構(gòu)成，即主語部分和謂語部分，這兩部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括賓語，定語，狀語，表語等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的組成部分。句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)

11、足語和狀語1、主語：(1) 句子的主語是表示句子所要說明的人或事物；“是什么”或“是誰”，這是一個句子的主要部分，一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語、從句等（如動詞不定式和動詞不定式短語、動名詞等）來充當(dāng)，通常位于句首如：The school is far from here. 名詞做主語She goes to school by bike. 代詞做主語Eight is a lucky number. 數(shù)詞做主語The blind need more help. 名詞化的形容詞做主語There is a pen on the desk. 名詞做主語Watching TV too mu

12、ch is bad for your eyes. 動名詞做主語To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短語做主語What people wear depends on their likes and dislikes. (2)動詞不定式或動名詞做主語時可用it代替,而不定式或動名詞移至表語或賓語之后。如：It is good for you to read many books as you can. . (吃得太多對你的身體不利。)(3)口語中常見主語或“主-系”省略：(It is) nothing. (那)沒有什么。)(It) doesnt matter. (那)沒有

13、關(guān)系。)(I) thank you. (我)謝謝你。)(4)反意問句的附加問句,主語必須是代詞：The man looks worried, doesnt he? (這個人看上去很著急不是嗎？) Tigers are dangerous animals, arent they? (老虎是危險的動物不是嗎？)(5)祈使句一般省略主語。加主語時往往用來指定某個人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請保持鍵盤的清潔。) (省略了主語)You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來。)(6)主語

14、一般在句首,但在問句中會處于第二位和句尾；倒裝句及there be句型主語在動詞之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. (計算機(jī)生產(chǎn)于這家工廠。) Where are they? (他們在哪兒？) Does the boy like staying home? (這個男孩喜歡呆在家里嗎？)(7)主語與謂語必須保持單、復(fù)數(shù)的一致, 而謂語與表語或賓語之間沒有這一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都沒有通過考試。) The Chinese people are a hardworki

15、ng and brave people. (中華民族是一個勤勞勇敢的民族。) 2、謂語：(1)由“不及物動詞”、“及物動詞+賓語”或“系動詞+表語”等構(gòu)成,說明主語所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么樣”。如：He traveled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語？) The pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經(jīng)變壞。) (2)謂語動詞必須反映出人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時態(tài)等信息,記?。褐^語部分第一個動詞往往是變形動詞。 (3)謂語動詞切忌用“行為動詞1

16、 + 原形動詞”、“be + 原形動詞”。記住使用下列正確形式： 情態(tài)動詞+原形動詞。如：Youd better go over the lesson.（你最好復(fù)習(xí)這一課。）shall/ will/ would+原形動詞。如：They should have been there once.（他們應(yīng)該去過那兒。）be+現(xiàn)在分詞或者過去分詞。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什么？） Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自從20世紀(jì)70年代大批樹木被砍伐。）have / has +過去分詞。如：Ma

17、ny trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）一般時問句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形動詞。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子過的不好。） Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你們當(dāng)中有誰見過恐龍蛋嗎？）行為動詞1+行為動詞2 (不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做個獸醫(yī)。）The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs bui

18、lt for themselves.（古代的埃及國王讓人給他們自己修建堅固的墳?zāi)?。?(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語等獨(dú)立作謂語,必須在此之前加連系動詞。(1) 謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式：單數(shù)形式的動詞有：is, was, has, does以及“動詞+s”；復(fù)數(shù)形式的動詞有：are,were,have以及動詞原形。其他動詞不分單、復(fù)數(shù)。謂語部分第一個動詞的形式單數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)形式一般現(xiàn)在時be(是)動詞；現(xiàn)在某些時態(tài)和語態(tài)的助動詞beam (單一); are (單二); is (單三); are一般過去時be(是)動詞；過去某些時態(tài)和語態(tài)的助動詞bewas (單一); were (單二

19、); was;(單三)were一般現(xiàn)在時have(有)動詞；現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的助動詞havehave (單一); have (單二); has (單三);have一般現(xiàn)在時行為動詞和助動詞dodo (單一、單二); does (單三)do實(shí)意動詞和連系動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時動詞（否定和疑問句除外）原形動詞(單一、單二); 動詞+s /es (單三)原形動詞其他各時態(tài)語態(tài)的謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同記住：主語、謂語單復(fù)數(shù)必須保持一致。 Air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對于我們大家是必不可少的。)(6)一般問句和反義疑問句的回答不使用行為動詞,應(yīng)該使用“是”動

20、詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞(be,will,have,do以及變形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isnt it? -Yes, it is(奧運(yùn)會每兩年舉辦一次,是嗎？-是的。)3、賓語：(1) 由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動名詞、(賓語)從句充當(dāng),表示動作的承受者是“誰”或者是“何物”。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那個天使同樣來到約瑟夫面前并且告訴他同樣的事情。)(代詞和名詞充當(dāng)兩個賓語) He told me that th

21、e company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說公司付不起他那么多的錢。)(不定式作賓語) They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他們?nèi)绱讼矏劭醋闱蛞灾劣诔３Ｍ浟怂麄兊墓φn。)(動名詞作賓語)I think to be a childrens doctor is very good.(我認(rèn)為當(dāng)個兒童醫(yī)生是很好的。)(從句作賓語) (2) 只有及物動詞或介詞才有賓語,不及物動詞沒有賓語,如果涉及到事物,則

22、必須在不及物動詞后面加合適的介詞。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物動詞,故加to。) Can you hear anything exciting?(你能聽到什么令人興奮的消息嗎？) (3) 賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞的后面,但是在疑問句中,如果賓語是疑問詞,則賓語要放在句首。介詞的賓語如果是疑問詞,則可以放在介詞后或句首。如：What did he see? (他看見了什么？) What does he write a letter with? (他用什么寫的信？) With what does he write a letter? (他用什么寫的信？)(4)

23、“動詞+副詞+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果賓語是代詞,則代詞必須放在“動”“副”之間。如：Please put the shoes away. (請把鞋子收起來。) Please put away the shoes. (請把鞋子收起來。) Please put them away. (請把它們收起來。)(5) 動詞后面跟雙賓語時可以采用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)： 動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常幫我。)動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。注意,一般情況介詞用to(take, bring, give, hand, lend ),但動詞是do, pa

24、y, sing, make, buy,時,介詞用for, borrow, hear介詞與from如： Please make me a kite. (請給我做個風(fēng)箏。)或Please make a kite for me.(6) 在“動詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果賓語是不定式、動名詞、賓語從句,則常用it做形式賓語,而將實(shí)際的賓語移到補(bǔ)語后面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. (我發(fā)覺這個工作相當(dāng)難做。) I found it rather difficult to do the job.4、表語：(1) 說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、狀況等含義的成分,通常由形

25、容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、代詞等充當(dāng)如：He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中畢業(yè)他當(dāng)上了醫(yī)生。) The rubber wheels are over there.(橡膠輪子在那邊。)He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何東西因?yàn)樗昧酥馗忻啊? Who is it?(誰呀？)(2) 表語只能放在連系動詞(如：be, look, taste, smell, sound , become, turn ,

26、get, grow, feel, seem) 之后,對表語進(jìn)行提問的句子除外。 (3) 代詞做表語一般用主格,口語中常用賓。如：Its I. (Its me.)是我。(4) 只能作表語的形容詞有：sorry, afraid, alone, asleep, awake, ill, well, sure, interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很為他的粗心而歉疚。) Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(請不要發(fā)出響動,嬰兒正熟睡呢。) I am only inte

27、rested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是對獨(dú)坐孤舟無所事事感興趣。) I am not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才這樣想的。)5、定語：句子的定語用來修飾名詞或代詞。形容詞、代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語、從句等均可作定語。定語修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語里的的)1. 形容詞作定語(一般放在被修飾語之前,修飾不定代詞時放在后面) They have a clever son. I have something important to tell you.2. 名詞

28、作定語: Is it a color film?名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式, 如:school bus,ticket office, paper flowers但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shopman 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是復(fù)數(shù),它們總以復(fù)數(shù)的形式作定語,如: men drivers , women doctors3. 代詞作定語: This song is better than that one.4. 數(shù)詞作定語: There are only thirty students in our class.帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞.當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號

29、連接時,其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式.a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy5. 介詞短語作定語(放在被修飾詞之后):The students in our class like swimming.例如：I have a black cat.The man over there is my father.My cat is white and yours is black.注意：當(dāng)形容詞修飾不定代詞something, anything, everything, nothing作定語時，要放在不定代詞的后面。 6、狀語：句子的狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞，表示

30、動作發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、原因、程度、方式等，通常由副詞、介詞、介詞短語動詞、動詞不定式以及從句來充當(dāng)。例如：Wang Fang was doing her homework carefully.He ran the fastest in the first group.1. 副詞作狀語: The old man is walking slowly. 表方式 The boy is very clever. 表程度2. 介詞短語作狀語: I have lived in Shanghai for five years. 表時間3. 不定式作狀語 I come here to see you

31、. 表目的4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式5. 狀語從句 Well go shopping if it doesnt rain tomorrow.注意： 多個狀語相連時,一般先單詞、后短語,先地點(diǎn)、后時間,先小概念、后大概念。如：He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22點(diǎn)3刻從房間里出來,然后消失在黑暗之中。) 狀語的位置1. 在一般情況下,用于句

32、末。We like our school very much.2.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語,可以把它放在句首.I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.3. 表頻度的副詞通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,用于行為動詞前,be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞后I usually get up early.He is often late.一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, sud

33、denly, certainly等用法相似兩個或多個狀語同時修飾時的順序1. 地點(diǎn)狀語在前, 時間狀語在后.We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.2. 較小單位的狀語在前,由小到大Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.3. 一個句子有幾個不同種類的副詞作狀語, 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點(diǎn)副詞, 時間副詞She sang very well at the meeting last night.時間和地點(diǎn)狀語也可以位于句首, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或使上下文更為連貫Usually I r

34、ead the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening. 7、賓語補(bǔ)足語： (1) 補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動作、狀態(tài)的成分為賓語補(bǔ)足語,常由名詞、形容詞、動詞非謂語形式(不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等)、介詞短語等充當(dāng)。如：Call him Jim, please. (請叫他Jim。) I tried my best to make him happy. (我竭盡所能讓他開心。) Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (請他明天來。) He let the smaller a

35、nimals bring food to him. (他讓小動物們給他帶食物來。)(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副詞也可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你說,讓他進(jìn)來！)Please put it away. (請把它收起來。)句子成分和詞性的關(guān)系句子成分句中的位置和詞性的基本關(guān)系主語句首名詞、代詞謂語主語后動詞賓語謂語后名詞、代詞表語系詞后形容詞定語詞做定語放被修飾部分前面，短語、句子放被修飾部分后面形容詞狀語靈活（句首、句中、句尾）副詞補(bǔ)語賓語后名詞、形容詞等英語詞類與句子成分關(guān)系圖： 句子成分 詞類或短語主語*謂語賓語*表語*定語*狀語*賓語 補(bǔ)足

36、語名詞××代詞×××形容詞××××數(shù)詞××動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)形式××××××動詞不定式×動名詞×××動詞現(xiàn)在分詞×××動詞過去分詞×××副詞×××介詞短語××× 注釋 1、“”表示某種詞類可以充當(dāng)某個成分, “”表示某種詞類經(jīng)常充當(dāng)某個成分, “”表示某種詞類最經(jīng)常充當(dāng)某個成

37、分。 “×”表示某種詞類不能充當(dāng)某個成分。 2、“ * ”表示該成分可以由從句充當(dāng),如主語從句、賓語從句、狀語從句等。句子成分之間關(guān)系句子主干：主、謂、賓。 替補(bǔ)：定、狀、補(bǔ)。表語在系動詞后注意：1. 主謂在人稱、數(shù)方面保持一致。2. 定語修飾主語、賓語、表語。3. 補(bǔ)語放在賓語后面，形式比較多。4. 狀語位置靈活，（可在句中、句首、句尾）you  cross  act  child  laugh4. The boy wants to be an _ just like Jackie Chan.5. To

38、ny, believe _ and you are sure to succeed.6. We couldnt help _ after we watched Zhao Benshans funny performance.7. You are supposed to look around when you walk _ the street.8. Chocolate is usually the _ favorite food.請根據(jù)句意，選用方框中合適的詞，并用其適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子通順，每詞限用一次。（2009年中考） choose excited close ninety sleep

39、 monkey him 1. The children clapped and screamed _ when they saw their favorite characters.2. Finally, we had no _ but to give up the plan before the enemies arrival.3. The talk was so boring that many of us felt _while listening to it. 4. After chatting on the Internet for a year, Dora and I get mu

40、ch_ to each other than before.5. Hi, Amy! I have passed my driving test! Congratulations! I hope Tom can pass _, too. 6. I saw five little _ jumping in the hill when I visited the zoo last month. 7. People in the _ of the last century liked to wear this kind of hairstyle. 簡單句的五大句型 英語句子看上去成千上萬，但認(rèn)真分析不

41、外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下：簡單句五種基本句型：只有一個主語 (或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)的句子叫簡單句。1. S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)2. S十V主謂 結(jié)構(gòu)3. S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)4. S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)5. S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)說明：S主語；V謂語；P表語；O賓語；O1間接賓語（指人）；O2直接賓語（指物）；C賓語補(bǔ)足語S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 這種句型稱為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其實(shí)連系動詞在形式上也是一種謂語動詞，但實(shí)質(zhì)上表語成了謂語，常見的系動詞有：be(是), ge

42、t(變得), become(成為), turn(變得), look(看起來), feel(感到), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), sound(聽起來), seem(似乎) 等。如： He became a famous doctor. S V P他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。 The apple pie tastes really delicious. S V P蘋果派吃起來真是好吃。 S十V主謂 結(jié)構(gòu) 這種句型簡稱為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其謂語一般都是不及物動詞， 如：The children are playing happily. S V孩子們正在高興地玩。 S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型

43、可稱為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，它的謂語一般多是及物動詞1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作賓語的動詞有：enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practice, keep, suggest, mind等。例如：She enjoys reading novels and swimming.I finished reading the book last night.2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作賓語的動詞有：wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如：Where do wish to sit?Tom agreed to l

44、end some money.3)有些及物動詞既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作賓語，但意義不同。這類動詞常見的有：remember, forget等。例如：Please remember to post the letter for me.請記住替我發(fā)了這封信。I remember posting the letter.我記得那封信寄過了。 Stop的用法同上面的詞相仿，不過stop后面跟不定式不是作賓語，而是作狀語。試比較下列句子：He stopped to smoke. 他停下來吸煙。He stopped smoking. 他停止吸煙了。4)有些及物動詞的賓語，既可用不定式，又可用-in

45、g形式，意義基本相同。這類動詞常見的有：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如：I like to swim in summer.I like swimming in summer. 如：The Greens enjoy living in China. S V O格林一家喜歡住在中國。 S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的及物動詞后跟雙賓語，既指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語。也可以把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，但要加介詞for或to。1) 及物動詞之后跟有雙賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物。指人的為間接賓語，指物的為直接賓語。一般情況下，間

46、接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。如果要把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，間接賓語前需加介詞。例如：Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me.Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me. 2)把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，間接賓前有時加介詞to, 有時加介詞for,這主要取決于謂語動詞。一般在動詞give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在動詞buy, make, get等之后加for。例如：Would you lend

47、me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?Toms mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Toms mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.如： My aunt bought me a computer. S V O1 O2 = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨買給我一臺電腦。 S V O2 O1 I passed him the salt. S V O1 O2

48、= I passed the salt to him. S V O2 O1我把鹽遞給他。 S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型可簡稱為主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，其補(bǔ)語是賓語補(bǔ)語，與賓語一起即構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語1)及物動詞指后跟有復(fù)合賓語，一個是賓語，一個是賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如：We call him Jack.Dont get your hands dirty. 2)在及物動詞之后，用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語指事情的全過程；用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語指正在進(jìn)行的動作的一部分。例如：I heard him sing

49、that song. (我聽他唱過那首歌。)When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.(我回來時，聽見他正在房間里唱歌。)3)在感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役動詞let, make, have等的復(fù)合賓語種，不定式須省去to。但變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，省去的to要加上。例如：I saw him go into the room. He was seen to go into the room.如：We must keep our school clean. S V O C我們必須保

50、持我們的學(xué)校清潔。注意：有時兩個或更多的并列主語擁有一個共同的謂語，甚至并列有兩個主語和兩個謂語，這樣的句子仍然是簡單句，例： China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中國和東亞其它國家正在迅速地發(fā)展。（China and other countries并列主語） Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相幫助。 搭配課堂訓(xùn)練題劃分下列句子的成分。1. I often hear him sing this so

51、ng.2. Someone was heard to come up the stairs.3. Jims box is the heaviest of all.4. I received some Christmas cards from my pen pals.5. It is impossible to improve our English without enough exercise.例題3：劃分句子的類型與成分。1. To be a teacher is my dream.2. The leaves turn yellow in autumn.3. He comes from A

52、merica. 4 .The eggs smell bad.5. He is listening.6. Things always change.7. She gave me her telephone number.8. She cooked a delicious meal for us.9. They call their daughter Mary.10. I saw her chatting with Jane.做句型結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯練習(xí)。1. 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)他昨天回家很晚。2. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)他們成功地完成了計劃。3. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。4. 主語+謂語+雙賓語（直接賓語+間

53、接賓語或間接賓語+直接賓語）這個學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。5. 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗了。劃分下列句子的成分。（B類）1. They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.2. The man downstairs was having lunch.3. I like them to read newspapers and books in the library.4. With a book under her arm, the teacher came in.5. My mother bought me a red coat.

54、判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)。（B類）1. Classes begin at eight every day.2. You must finish reading these books in two days.3. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.4. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.5. He asked us to join in the game. 翻譯以下句子并且判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)。（C類）1. 他的夢想是成為一名教師。2. 今天早晨她交了家庭作業(yè)。3. 昨晚你睡的好嗎？4. Tim 給我們看了他的漂亮的T恤衫。5. 爸爸給我買了一塊新表。