數(shù)據(jù)通信與網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化-文檔資料

1、SOHOServerIntranet移動寬帶上網(wǎng)4.4.傳輸層傳輸層 2. 2.數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層3.3.網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層1.1.物理層物理層5.5.會話層會話層 6. 6.表示層表示層面向用戶應(yīng)用面向數(shù)據(jù)傳輸 7. 7.應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層5.5.會話層會話層 6. 6.表示層表示層 7. 7.應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層4.4.傳輸層傳輸層2.2.數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層1.1.物理層物理層4.4.傳輸層傳輸層2.2.數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層3.3.網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層1.1.物理層物理層5.5.會話層會話層 6. 6.表示層表示層 7. 7.應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)3.3.網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層應(yīng)用層用戶L7L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到表示層FTP應(yīng)用層用

2、戶L7L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到表示層FTPL7L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的編碼、數(shù)據(jù)的編碼、加密和壓縮加密和壓縮表示層表示層從應(yīng)用層從應(yīng)用層H6H6L6L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到會話層到會話層L7L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的解碼、數(shù)據(jù)的解碼、解密和解壓解密和解壓表示層表示層到應(yīng)用層到應(yīng)用層H6H6L6L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)從會話層從會話層L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)會話層會話層從表示層從表示層synL5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到傳輸層到傳輸層synsyn H5L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)會話層會話層到表示層到表示層synL5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)從傳輸層從傳輸層synsyn H5L5L5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸層傳輸層從會話層從會話層H4H4L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層H4H4H4H4L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L4L4數(shù)據(jù)

3、數(shù)據(jù)L5L5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸層傳輸層到會話層到會話層H4H4L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層H4H4H4H4L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層從傳輸層從傳輸層H3H3包包L3L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層到傳輸層到傳輸層H3H3包包L3L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)從數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層從數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層L3L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層H2H2T2T2幀幀L2L2數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到物理層到物理層L3L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層H2H2T2T2幀幀L2L2數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)從物理層從物理層L2L2數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)010101000011110001010100

4、00111100傳輸媒體傳輸媒體物理層物理層從數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層從數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層L2L2數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)01010100001111000101010000111100到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層物理層允許接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層表示層表示層會話層會話層傳輸層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層物理層建立、管理和終止會話將分組從源端傳送到目的端；提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)在媒體上傳輸比特；提供機械的和電氣的規(guī)約對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換、加密和壓縮提供可靠的端到端的報文傳輸和差錯控制將分組數(shù)據(jù)封裝成幀；提供節(jié)點到節(jié)點方式的傳輸數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層報頭數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層報頭 傳輸層傳輸層 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層 物理層物理層 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層

5、 表示層表示層應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層會話層會話層源端口、目的端口源IP、目的IP、協(xié)議號源MAC、目的MAC、幀類型二進(jìn)制流“0、1”傳輸層報頭設(shè)備設(shè)備A設(shè)備設(shè)備B7654321L7數(shù)據(jù)L7數(shù)據(jù)H6L6數(shù)據(jù)H5L5數(shù)據(jù)H4L4數(shù)據(jù)H3L3數(shù)據(jù)H2010101000011110000101010T27654321L7數(shù)據(jù)L7數(shù)據(jù)H6L6數(shù)據(jù)H5L5數(shù)據(jù)H4L4數(shù)據(jù)H3L3數(shù)據(jù)H2010101000011110000101010T2傳輸媒體數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層報頭網(wǎng)絡(luò)層報頭 + + 傳輸層報頭傳輸層報頭 + + 數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層報頭數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層報頭傳輸層報頭傳輸層報頭+ + 數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層報頭網(wǎng)絡(luò)層報頭數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)傳

6、輸層報頭傳輸層報頭01011101010010000100101110101001000010傳輸層傳輸層 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層物理層 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 表示層表示層應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層會話層會話層應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層表示層表示層會話層會話層傳輸層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層物理層應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層傳輸層傳輸層 Internet Internet層層網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層應(yīng)用層表示層會話層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層IPICMPIGMPRARPARPUDPTCP各種應(yīng)用程序?qū)痈鞣N應(yīng)用程序?qū)覵MTPFTPDNSSNMPNFSTFTP由底層網(wǎng)絡(luò)定義的協(xié)議由底層網(wǎng)絡(luò)定義的協(xié)議Ethernet,Token-

7、Ring,FDDI,X.25,Wirless,ATMTCP(TCP(傳輸控制協(xié)議傳輸控制協(xié)議) )屬于面向連接的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議屬于面向連接的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議UDP(UDP(用戶報文協(xié)議用戶報文協(xié)議) )屬于無連接的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議屬于無連接的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議應(yīng)用層傳輸層Internet層物理層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層主機到主機傳輸主機到主機傳輸傳輸層傳輸層端到端可靠傳輸端到端可靠傳輸互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)報文報文HTTP FTP DNS TFTP HTTP FTP DNS TFTP 應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層端口端口80 2080 20、21 53 6921 53 69主機主機 B B主機主機 A A102823源端口目的端口源端口號源端口號 (16(

8、16比特比特) )目的端口號目的端口號(16(16比特比特) )順序號順序號(32(32比特比特) )應(yīng)答號應(yīng)答號 (32(32比特比特) )窗口大小窗口大小 (16(16比特比特) )校驗和校驗和 (16(16比特比特) )其它其它TCPTCP控制信息（如控制信息（如SYN,ACKSYN,ACK等）等）數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)2020102823DP.Seq.301Ack.102823SP.DP.Seq.302Ack.SP.102823SP.DP.Seq.301Ack.102823SP.DP.Seq.302Ack.客戶端客戶端A服務(wù)器服務(wù)器B客戶端客戶端A服務(wù)器服務(wù)器B發(fā)送 SYN1(seq#=100)1接

9、收SYN發(fā)送SYN1, ACK1 (seq#=300 ack#=101)2建立連接，ACK1(ack#=301)3接收SYN,ACK發(fā)送方Window size = 3發(fā)送發(fā)送 1Window size = 3發(fā)送發(fā)送 2Window size = 3發(fā)送發(fā)送 3ACK 3Window size = 2第三個數(shù)據(jù)段被丟棄Window size = 2發(fā)送發(fā)送 4Window size = 2發(fā)送發(fā)送 3ACK 5Window size = 2接收方Window大小為發(fā)送方或接收方的緩存大小。源端口號源端口號(16(16比特比特) )目的端口號目的端口號 (16(16比特比特) )其它其它UDP

10、UDP控制信息控制信息數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)校驗和校驗和 (16(16比特比特) )8 8字節(jié)字節(jié)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層IPICMPIGMPRARPARPBit 0Bit 31版本版本(4)(4)目的目的IPIP地址地址 (32)(32)選項選項(0 or 32 if any)(0 or 32 if any)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)頭長度頭長度 (4)(4)TOS (8)TOS (8)總長度總長度 (16)(16)標(biāo)識標(biāo)識 (16)(16)標(biāo)志標(biāo)志(3)(3)段偏移段偏移 (13)(13)TTL (8)TTL (8)協(xié)議協(xié)議 (8)(8)校驗和校驗和 (16)(16)源源IPIP地址地址 (32)(32)20-60Bytes20-65536BytesICMP報文報文IP數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)尾部尾部IP首部首