主謂一致“三原則”

1、主謂一致“三原則”英語(yǔ)句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,而在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中又有一些具體情況,概括起來(lái),主謂一致要遵循以下三個(gè)原則:一、語(yǔ)法一致原則1. 如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式。如:The number of students in our school is rising.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)在上升。2. each, either, neither, nobody, nothing, anything, anybody, everybody, everything等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:Each of them has been to Beijin

2、g.他們每個(gè)人都去過(guò)北京。Neither of them likes the film.他們兩個(gè)誰(shuí)也不喜歡那部電影。3. 主語(yǔ)的數(shù)不受后面修飾它的短語(yǔ)的影響。如:Tom together with his parents has visited the Great Wall.湯姆和他父母一起游覽過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。二、意義一致原則1. 有的主語(yǔ)看似復(fù)數(shù)形式但表示的是單數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如: The news is exciting. 這是個(gè)令人振奮的消息。The United States is in North America.美國(guó)位于北美洲。Two years is really a v

3、ery long time.兩年的確是個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。2. what, who, which, all, any, none, more, most 等代詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)具體情況來(lái)確定。如:What you said is very important. 你所說(shuō)的話很重要。Which are their chairs? 哪些是他們的椅子?3. 表示抽象概念的動(dòng)詞不定式和v.-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多有害

4、健康。4. 一些集體名詞(如family, team, group, class, audience, company等 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如被看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是個(gè)大家庭。Her family are interested in football.她家人都對(duì)足球感興趣。5. 由“分?jǐn)?shù)/ 百分?jǐn)?shù)+of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果of后面的名詞是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果of后面的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:Two thir

5、ds of the building is large enough for us.這幢樓房的三分之二對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)就足夠大了。Sixty-five percent of the books have been written in English.百分之六十五的書籍是用英語(yǔ)寫的。三、就近一致原則1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)用or, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等連詞連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。如:Either Mary or her brothers are going to help me.瑪麗或者是她的兄弟

6、們會(huì)來(lái)幫助我。2. 由here / there引起的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式通常和作主語(yǔ)的第一個(gè)名詞或代詞在數(shù)上保持一致。如:Here is an apple and two pears for you.這是給你的一個(gè)蘋果和兩個(gè)梨。There are two books, three rulers and a pen on the desk.桌子上有兩本書、三把尺子和一支鋼筆。跟蹤練習(xí)請(qǐng)選擇能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。( 1. An old man with his two children _ down the road now.A. comesB. is comingC. are coming( 2. Be careful!The rest of the water _ hot.A. areB. isC. look like( 3. Toms parents _ from England.A. isB. amC. are( 4. Not only the children but also their father _ liv