不規(guī)則動詞的規(guī)律 Microsoft Word 文檔

1、不規(guī)則動詞難對付。學(xué)生難學(xué),老師難教。幸好它們不是雜亂無章的,可根據(jù)其中的一些內(nèi)部規(guī)律來記憶。下面給大家介紹一種歸納記憶法,以期大家在攻克這一難關(guān)時,能收到事半功倍的效果。一、原形、過去式、過去分詞相同:cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut (細(xì)心的你一定會發(fā)現(xiàn),這些詞中大多數(shù)是以字母t結(jié)尾的。二、原形、過去式相同,過去分詞不同:beat/beat/beaten三、原形、過去分詞相同,過去式不同:come/came/comebecome/became/becomerun/ran/runcome,become,屬不規(guī)則變化,但welcome屬規(guī)則動詞,其過去式、

2、過去分詞為:welcomed,welcomed四、過去式,過去分詞相同:(1 去掉字母組合ee中的一個emeet/met/met feed/fed/fed(2 去掉字母組合ee中的一個e,然后再在詞尾加tfeel/felt/felt sleep/slept/sleptkeep/kept/kept sweep/swept/swept (3 詞尾為的ll 去掉一個l加tspell/spelt/spelt smell/smelt/smeltspill/spilt/spilt(4 過去式和過去分詞以aught或ought結(jié)尾catch/caught/caughtteach/taught/taughtb

3、ring/brought/broughtbuy/bought/boughtthink/thought/thought(5 將stand改為stoodstand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood(6 將ay改為aidlay/laid/laid pay/paid/paidsay/said/said(7 將d改為tlend/lent/lent send/sent/sentspend/spent/spent build/built/built (8 將i改為a , o, u等sit/sat/sat spit/spat/spatwin/won/won

4、 dig/dug/dug(9 將ell改為oldtell/told/told sell/sold/sold (10 詞尾加tlearn/learnt/learnt mean/meant/meant dream/dreamt/dreamt spoil/spoilt/spoilt (11 有兩種過去式和過去分詞, 一種是不規(guī)則的, 一種是規(guī)則的learn/learnt/learnt learn/learned/learned shine/shone/shone shine/shined/shined hang/hung/hung hang/hanged/hanged smell/smelt/sme

5、lt smell/smelled/smelled (12 其它have(has/had/had hear/heard/heard shoot/shot/shot lose/lost/losthold/held/held get/got/got(AmE gotten find/found/found make/made/made leave/left/left五、三者均不同:(1 過去式以ew結(jié)尾、過去分詞以own結(jié)尾blow/blew/blown fly/flew/flown grow/grew/grown know/knew/known throw/threw/thrown值得注意的是:sh

6、ow/showed/shown或showeddraw/drew/drawn(2改i為a變成過去式、改i為u變成過去分詞begin/began/begun drink/drank/drunk ring/rang/rung sing/sang/sung swim/swam/swum sink/sank/sunk (3改i為o變成過去式,過去分詞以n結(jié)尾drive/drove/driven write/wrote/written rise/rose/risen ride/rode/ridden (4 原形后加n變成過去分詞drive/drove/driven rise/rose/riseneat/a

7、te/eaten fall/fell/fallengive/gave/given(5 過去式后加n變成過去分詞break/broke/broken choose/chose/chosen freeze/froze/frozen steal/stole/stolen mistake/mistook/mistakenspeak/spoke/spoken take/took/take wake/woke/woken(或woke(6其它be/was或were/been do/did/done forget/forgot/forgotten go/went/gone hide/hid/hidden se

8、e/saw/seen wear/wore/worn六、有兩種過去式和過去分詞,但詞義相同。wake/woke/woken (或wokewake/waked/wakedsink/sank/sunk (下沉sink/sunk/sunken 七、動詞因其過去式、過去分詞有兩種形式而產(chǎn)生不同詞義:shine、hang的兩種過去式和過去分詞:shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮hung/hung懸掛hanged/hanged絞死八、兩個既可以做過去式,又可以做動詞原形的詞lie躺臥lay/lain/lying(現(xiàn)在分詞lay放,下蛋l(fā)aid/laid/layingfind 找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)

9、find/found/foundfound 創(chuàng)建,成立found/founded/founded九、根據(jù)動詞之間的詞義聯(lián)系來記憶(一詞義相對:(1 come/came/come來go/went/gone去(2 give/gave/given給get/got/got(AmE gotten獲得(3 sleep/slept/slept睡覺wake/woke/woken (或wokewake/waked/ waked 醒來(4 rise/rose/risen上升、上漲、升起fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, (使下沉(

10、5 buy/bought/bought買sell/sold/sold 出售, 賣(6 take/took/taken帶去bring/brought/ brought 帶來(7 teach/taught/taught教learn/learnt/learnt learn/learned/learned 學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)會(8 lose/lost/lost丟失、失敗find/found/found找到win/won/won贏得、(獲勝(9 stand/stood/stood站、立sit/sat/sat坐(10 send/sent/sent 送、寄、發(fā)送get/got/got(AmE gotten獲得、收到(二、詞義相近:(1 beat/beat/beaten .打, 打敗win/won/won贏得、獲勝(2 understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 認(rèn)識(3 get/got/got(AmE gotten變成、成為、變得become/became/become 變成, 成為, 變得go/went/gone變成turn/turned/turned變成(4 spend/s