交通工程專業(yè)中英文翻譯

1、河北工程大學(xué)交通工程專業(yè)外文翻譯 學(xué)生姓名： 李 燾 專 業(yè)： 交通工程 班 級(jí)： 09-02 學(xué) 號(hào)： 090240225 指導(dǎo)老師： 高 愛 坤 2021年04月交通事故分析的可能性和局限性原文出處：SWOV institute for road safety research Leidschendam會(huì)議記錄關(guān)鍵字：后果;目的;描述;限制;關(guān)注;事故分析;可能性 摘要：交通事故的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，尤其國(guó)家一級(jí)的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)監(jiān)控和預(yù)測(cè)事故的開展，積極或消極檢測(cè)事故的開展，以及對(duì)定義平安目標(biāo)和評(píng)估工業(yè)平安特別有益。事故分析是應(yīng)用非常有限的分析，是前瞻性分析和回憶性分析，能夠?qū)π麻_發(fā)的交通平安系統(tǒng)和特殊過程

2、的平安措施進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。目前迫切需要一個(gè)將實(shí)時(shí)事故分析與研究相結(jié)合的行為。將自動(dòng)檢測(cè)和視頻錄制相結(jié)合的研究交通事故的科研論文會(huì)比擬容易接受。這種類型的研究最終會(huì)對(duì)交通理念有個(gè)完善的認(rèn)識(shí)。 1簡(jiǎn)介 本文主要是基于個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，研究有關(guān)交通平安、平安分析以及事故分析等在研究中的作用。由這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)推導(dǎo)出的哲學(xué)思考就像通過研究和統(tǒng)計(jì)得出的實(shí)踐觀點(diǎn)。而這些調(diào)查數(shù)字已經(jīng)在其他地方發(fā)表了。 在缺少直接觀察的事故中，許多方法論問題的產(chǎn)生，導(dǎo)致不能直接測(cè)試對(duì)結(jié)果持續(xù)討論。通過看事故視頻來討論是富有成效的。事實(shí)證明，用來解釋事故的大局部有關(guān)信息就是事故中缺少的記錄。深入研究還無(wú)法回憶起所有的必要的用來測(cè)試有關(guān)事故發(fā)生的假

3、設(shè)數(shù)據(jù)，。尤其是車-車相撞發(fā)生的車禍，這是在荷蘭城市道路交叉口錄制的視頻，一輛從岔路駛來的汽車與主干路的汽車相撞，以下問題可以問：為什么汽車來自次干路上，突然加速后又幾乎停止，撞上了在左側(cè)主路的一輛汽車呢？為什么沒有注意到正在駛來的車？是不是因?yàn)閮绍噺挠疫咇倎?，司機(jī)因?yàn)榍懊娴慕徊鏋樗麄兲峁┝丝赡苄远锝镉?jì)較？難道他向左看過，但他認(rèn)為停在拐角處的綠色貨車能讓他停下來？當(dāng)然，交通狀況并不復(fù)雜。目前這個(gè)事故中沒有騎自行車或行人在擁擠路口分散他的注意。如果停著的綠色車能夠在五分鐘內(nèi)消失，這兩輛車可能就不會(huì)相撞。在事故發(fā)生的相關(guān)條件下，幾乎不可能觀察下一個(gè)交通行為，因?yàn)榻煌ㄊ鹿适遣豢深A(yù)見的。由于新的視頻

4、設(shè)備和自動(dòng)檢測(cè)事故設(shè)備的不斷開展，如在收集數(shù)據(jù)方面不需要很高的本錢就能變得越來越逼真。必要的增加數(shù)據(jù)類型也能更好的解釋交通中存在的危險(xiǎn)因素。關(guān)于事故分析的可能性和限制性的問題是不容易答復(fù)的，我們不能確切的分析交通事故。因?yàn)槭鹿史治龊w了每一個(gè)活動(dòng)中的不同背景，并根據(jù)不同的信息來源范圍來補(bǔ)充資料，特別是收集事故的數(shù)據(jù)，背景資料等，我們首先要看看在交通平安領(lǐng)域的活動(dòng)周期然后再答復(fù)事故分析的可能性與限制。這些行為主要是與交通系統(tǒng)的平安管理有關(guān)，有些那么是相關(guān)的研究活動(dòng)。 應(yīng)該用下面的步驟來加以區(qū)分： 檢測(cè)交通平安問題； 描述問題和它的主要特征； 分析其原因分析和改良建議； 選擇和執(zhí)行平安措施； 評(píng)價(jià)

5、所采取的措施。 雖然這個(gè)周期可以由同一人或一群人做出來，而問題在每個(gè)階段政治/管理或科學(xué)都有不同的背景。我們用事故分析來描述這一階段。做這個(gè)決定是重要的。很多關(guān)于分析結(jié)果的方法的討論由于無(wú)視之間的區(qū)別而成為徒勞的。政治家或道路管理人員對(duì)道路的個(gè)別事故不是很留意。他們對(duì)事故的看法往往都是一視同仁，因?yàn)榭偟慕Y(jié)果比整個(gè)事故中的每個(gè)人的因素重要。因此，每次事故看做一個(gè)個(gè)體，之間相互協(xié)調(diào)就會(huì)達(dá)成平安的結(jié)果。 研究人員研究事故發(fā)生時(shí)一連串事件中每個(gè)人的興趣。希望從中得到關(guān)于每次事故的詳細(xì)信息并能發(fā)現(xiàn)其發(fā)生的原因和有關(guān)的條件。政治家們希望只是因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)決定行動(dòng)。在最高一級(jí)事故總數(shù)減少。信息的主要來源是國(guó)家數(shù)據(jù)

6、庫(kù)及其統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理系統(tǒng)。對(duì)他來說，統(tǒng)計(jì)意外數(shù)字及其統(tǒng)計(jì)的波動(dòng)來進(jìn)行事故分析。這適用于事故分析中的交通平安領(lǐng)域。因此，我們將首先描述了事故的這些方面。2事故的性質(zhì)和它們的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性 事故根本概念是意外，不管是其發(fā)生的原因還是引起事故出現(xiàn)的過程。兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的假設(shè)通常是來描述交通事故的形成過程. -事故發(fā)生的概率與以往發(fā)生的事故之間是獨(dú)立 -事故發(fā)生在時(shí)間上是同性質(zhì)的 如果這兩個(gè)假設(shè)成立，那么事故是泊松分布。第一個(gè)假設(shè)與大多數(shù)的批判不符。事故是罕見的事件，因此不會(huì)受到以前事故的影響。在某些情況下，有一個(gè)直接的因果鏈例如，大量的車開到一起這一系列的事故被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)個(gè)體事故但包含許多的車。這個(gè)假設(shè)并不適用于統(tǒng)

7、計(jì)人員傷亡。傷亡人數(shù)往往與同一事故有關(guān)，因此，獨(dú)立性假設(shè)不成立。第二個(gè)假設(shè)乍一看似乎不太容易理解。穿越空間或在不同地點(diǎn)發(fā)生的的事故同樣具有可能性。然而，假設(shè)需要很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間并且沒有緩繳期。其性質(zhì)是根據(jù)理論的假設(shè)。如果其短時(shí)間內(nèi)能成立，那么它也適用于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，因?yàn)椴此煞植甲兞康目偤?，即使他們的泊松率是不同的，但也屬于泊松分布。?duì)于這些時(shí)期的總和泊松率那么等于為這些地方的泊松率的總和。假設(shè)與一個(gè)真正的情況相比擬計(jì)數(shù)，無(wú)論是從一兩個(gè)結(jié)果還是總情況來看都有一個(gè)根本情況比擬符合例如，比照在一年中特定的一天例如下一天，下一個(gè)星期的一天發(fā)生的交通事故。如果條件是相同的同一時(shí)間，交通情況相同，同樣的天氣條件等，

8、那么由此產(chǎn)生的意外數(shù)字是相同的泊松過程的結(jié)果。這一假設(shè)可以通過估算進(jìn)行測(cè)試的兩個(gè)觀測(cè)值的根底上估計(jì)是兩個(gè)值的平均值的速度參數(shù)。概率理論能夠考慮到這兩個(gè)觀察值的平均，用于計(jì)算的平等假設(shè)的可能性。這是一個(gè)相當(dāng)強(qiáng)大的統(tǒng)計(jì)過程。泊松假設(shè)是研究了很屢次，來獲得證據(jù)支持。它已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于許多情況，數(shù)的差異說明在平安性的差異然后確定是否發(fā)生意外。這一程序的主要目的是檢測(cè)在平安分歧。這可能是一個(gè)時(shí)間上的差異，或不同的地方或不同的條件。這種差異可以指導(dǎo)改良的過程。由于主要關(guān)注的是，以減少意外的發(fā)生，這種分析可能導(dǎo)致對(duì)治療中最有前途的領(lǐng)域。為這樣一個(gè)測(cè)試應(yīng)用程序的必要條件是，那意外的數(shù)字進(jìn)行比擬是大到足以證明存在的分

9、歧。在許多地方情況下，一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序是不可能的。事故黑點(diǎn)分析往往阻礙了這一限制，例如，如果應(yīng)用這種測(cè)試，找出事故是否在特定的位置數(shù)是高于平均水平。該程序的描述，也可以使用，如果發(fā)生意外乃根據(jù)數(shù)的特點(diǎn)找到有前途的平安目標(biāo)。不僅聚集，而且還與分類泊松假設(shè)成立，而意外數(shù)字可以相互測(cè)試的泊松假設(shè)的根底。這種測(cè)試是相當(dāng)麻煩的，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)特定的情況下，每一個(gè)不同的泊松參數(shù)，即，對(duì)所有可能結(jié)果的概率必須計(jì)算應(yīng)用測(cè)試。然后，泊松分布近似為正態(tài)分布，均值和方差等于泊松參數(shù)。一旦均值和方差的正態(tài)分布，給出了所有的測(cè)試可以改寫了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零均值和方差的正態(tài)分布條件。沒有任何更多的必要計(jì)算，但測(cè)試統(tǒng)計(jì)，需要利用表繪制。 POS

10、SIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF ACCIDENT ANALYSIS 原文出處：SWOV institute for road safety research Leidschendam會(huì)議記錄Keyword：Consequences; purposes; describe; Limitations; concerned; Accident Analysis; possibilitiesAbstraet：Accident statistics, especially collected at a national level are particularly usefu

11、l for the description, monitoring and prognosis of accident developments, the detection of positive and negative safety developments, the definition of safety targets and the (product) evaluation of long term and large scale safety measures. The application of accident analysis is strongly limited f

12、or problem analysis, prospective and retrospective safety analysis on newly developed traffic systems or safety measures, as well as for (process) evaluation of special short term and small scale safety measures. There is an urgent need for the analysis of accidents in real time, in combination with

13、 background behavioural research. Automatic incident detection, combined with video recording of accidents may soon result in financially acceptable research. This type of research may eventually lead to a better understanding of the concept of risk in traffic and to well-established theories. 1. In

14、troduction. This paper is primarily based on personal experience concerning traffic safety, safety research and the role of accidents analysis in this research. These experiences resulted in rather philosophical opinions as well as more practical viewpoints on research methodology and statistical an

15、alysis. A number of these findings are published already elsewhere. From this lack of direct observation of accidents, a number of methodological problems arise, leading to continuous discussions about the interpretation of findings that cannot be tested directly. For a fruitful discussion of these

16、methodological problems it is very informative to look at a real accident on video. It then turns out that most of the relevant information used to explain the accident will be missing in the accident record. In-depth studies also cannot recollect all the data that is necessary in order to test hypo

17、theses about the occurrence of the accident.For a particular car-car accident, that was recorded on video at an urban intersection in the Netherlands, between a car coming from a minor road, colliding with a car on the major road, the following questions could be asked:Why did the driver of the car

18、coming from the minor road, suddenly accelerate after coming almost to a stop and hit the side of the car from the left at the main road? Why was the approaching car not noticed? Was it because the driver was preoccupied with the two cars coming from the right and the gap before them that offered hi

19、m the possibility to cross? Did he look left before, but was his view possibly blocked by the green van parked at the corner? Certainly the traffic situation was not complicated. At the moment of the accident there were no bicyclists or pedestrians present to distract his attention at the regularly

20、overcrowded intersection. The parked green van disappeared within five minutes, the two other cars that may have been important left without a trace. It is hardly possible to observe traffic behaviour under the most relevant condition of an accident occurring, because accidents are very rare events,

21、 given the large number of trips. Given the new video equipment and the recent developments in automatic incident and accident detection, it becomes more and more realistic to collect such data at not too high costs. Additional to this type of data that is most essential for a good understanding of

22、the risk increasing factors in traffic, it also important to look at normal traffic behaviour as a reference base. The question about the possibilities and limitations of accident analysis is not lightly answered. We cannot speak unambiguously about accident analysis. Accident analysis covers a whol

23、e range of activities, each originating from a different background and based on different sources of information: national data banks, additional information from other sources, specially collected accident data, behavioural background data etc. To answer the question about the possibilities and li

24、mitations, we first have to look at the cycle of activities in the area of traffic safety. Some of these activities are mainly concerned with the safety management of the traffic system, some others are primarily research activitiesThe following steps should be distinguished: - detection of new or r

25、emaining safety problems; - description of the problem and its main characteristics; - the analysis of the problem, its causes and suggestions for improvement; -selection and implementation of safety measures; - evaluation of measures taken. Although this cycle can be carried out by the same person

26、or group of persons, the problem has a different (political/managerial or scientific) background at each stage. We will describe the phases in which accident analysis is used. It is important to make this distinction. Many fruitless discussions about the method of analysis result from ignoring this

27、distinction. Politicians, or road managers are not primarily interested in individual accidents. From their perspective accidents are often treated equally, because the total outcome is much more important than the whole chain of events leading to each individual accident. Therefore, each accident c

28、ounts as one and they add up all together to a final safety result. Researchers are much more interested in the chain of events leading to an individual accident. They want to get detailed information about each accident, to detect its causes and the relevant conditions. The politician wants only th

29、ose details that direct his actions. At the highest level this is the decrease in the total number of accidents. The main source of information is the national database and its statistical treatment. For him, accident analysis is looking at (subgroups of) accident numbers and their statistical fluct

30、uations. This is the main stream of accident analysis as applied in the area of traffic safety. Therefore, we will first describe these aspects of accidents. 2. The nature of accidents and their statistical characteristics. The basic notion is that accidents, whatever there cause, appear according t

31、o a chance process. Two simple assumptions are usually made to describe this process for (traffic) accidents: - the probability of an accident to occur is independent from the occurrence of previous accidents; -the occurrence of accidents is homogeneous in time. If these two assumptions hold, then a

32、ccidents are Poisson distributed. The first assumption does not meet much criticism. Accidents are rare events and therefore not easily influenced by previous accidents. In some cases where there is a direct causal chain (e.g. , when a number of cars run into each other) the series of accidents may

33、be regarded as one complicated accident with many cars involved.The assumption does not apply to casualties. Casualties are often related to the same accident and therefore the independency assumption does not hold. The second assumption seems less obvious at first sight. The occurrence of accidents

34、 through time or on different locations are not equally likely. However, the assumption need not hold over long time periods. It is a rather theoretical assumption in its nature. If it holds for short periods of time, then it also holds for long periods, because the sum of Poisson distributed variab

35、les, even if their Poisson rates are different, is also Poisson distributed. The Poisson rate for the sum of these periods is then equal to the sum of the Poisson rates for these parts. The assumption that really counts for a comparison of (composite) situations, is whether two outcomes from an aggr

36、egation of situations in time and/or space, have a comparable mix of basic situations. E.g. , the comparison of the number of accidents on one particular day of the year, as compared to another day (the next day, or the same day of the next week etc.). If the conditions are assumed to be the same (s

37、ame duration, same mix of traffic and situations, same weather conditions etc.) then the resulting numbers of accidents are the outcomes of the same Poisson process. This assumption can be tested by estimating the rate parameter on the basis of the two observed values (the estimate being the average

38、 of the two values). Probability theory can be used to compute the likelihood of the equality assumption, given the two observations and their mean. This statistical procedure is rather powerful. The Poisson assumption is investigated many times and turns out to be supported by a vast body of empiri

39、cal evidence. It has been applied in numerous situations to find out whether differences in observed numbers of accidents suggest real differences in safety. The main purpose of this procedure is to detect differences in safety. This may be a difference over time, or between different places or betw

40、een different conditions. Such differences may guide the process of improvement. Because the main concern is to reduce the number of accidents, such an analysis may lead to the most promising areas for treatment. A necessary condition for the application of such a test is, that the numbers of accide

41、nts to be compared are large enough to show existing differences. In many local cases an application is not possible. Accident black-spot analysis is often hindered by this limitation, e.g., if such a test is applied to find out whether the number of accidents at a particular location is higher than

42、 average. The procedure described can also be used if the accidents are classified according to a number of characteristics to find promising safety targets. Not only with aggregation, but also with disaggregation the Poisson assumption holds, and the accident numbers can be tested against each othe

43、r on the basis of the Poisson assumptions. Such a test is rather cumbersome, because for each particular case, i.e. for each different Poisson parameter, the probabilities for all possible outcomes must be computed to apply the test. In practice, this is not necessary when the numbers are large. The

44、n the Poisson distribution can be approximated by a Normal distribution, with mean and variance equal to the Poisson parameter. Once the mean value and the variance of a Normal distribution are given, all tests can be rephrased in terms of the standard Normal distribution with zero mean and variance

45、 one. No computations are necessary any more, but test statistics can be drawn from tables.原文已完。下文為附加的原創(chuàng)公文，如不需要，下載后可以編輯刪除，謝謝！副縣長(zhǎng)在2021年縣政府全體會(huì)議上的講話 按照會(huì)議安排，我就今年分管工作簡(jiǎn)要講5個(gè)方面： 一、強(qiáng)化調(diào)度管理，著力抓好工程建設(shè)。一方面，要著力抓好全縣工程調(diào)度管理。每季度召開一次經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行分析、工程調(diào)度會(huì)議，及時(shí)查改問題，抓好宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行調(diào)控管理和主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)月度監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警，確保全縣經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行健康有序，工程建設(shè)順利推進(jìn)。要抓爭(zhēng)取。緊盯爭(zhēng)取工程資金增長(zhǎng)10%

46、、謀劃儲(chǔ)藏工程150項(xiàng)、向上申報(bào)80項(xiàng)以上、爭(zhēng)取到位60項(xiàng)以上的目標(biāo)，繼續(xù)嚴(yán)格落實(shí)責(zé)任目標(biāo)考核制，深謀細(xì)研國(guó)家、省市的戰(zhàn)略意圖和政策導(dǎo)向，用足用好政策，主動(dòng)爭(zhēng)搶，爭(zhēng)取讓更多工程擠進(jìn)上級(jí)的大盤子。要趕進(jìn)度。按照3月上旬全面開工，6月份完成一半以上實(shí)物工作量，11月底圓滿完成年度建設(shè)任務(wù)的總體要求，健全完善重點(diǎn)工程推進(jìn)和督查考核機(jī)制，落實(shí)重大工程分析報(bào)告制度，特別是對(duì)43個(gè)千萬(wàn)元以上工程，縣發(fā)改局要堅(jiān)持每周一報(bào)告，每月一分析，每季一調(diào)度，及時(shí)研究解決具體問題，全力加快建設(shè)進(jìn)度。要嚴(yán)管理。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行工程建設(shè)根本程序，切實(shí)落實(shí)好立項(xiàng)、設(shè)計(jì)、評(píng)審、用地、規(guī)劃、開工許可、竣工驗(yàn)收以及“四制管理要求，主要負(fù)責(zé)

47、同志要對(duì)工程質(zhì)量、資金運(yùn)行等情況進(jìn)行全程監(jiān)管，跟蹤問效，確保工程平安、資金平安、干部平安。特別要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，工程建成后要在3個(gè)月內(nèi)完成竣工決算，并按規(guī)定報(bào)請(qǐng)有關(guān)部門進(jìn)行驗(yàn)收，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時(shí)整改。今后，凡建設(shè)工程未進(jìn)行決算驗(yàn)收的，在資金撥付過程中將適當(dāng)暫扣局部資金，直至決算驗(yàn)收；對(duì)擅自擴(kuò)大投資規(guī)模、變更建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和建設(shè)內(nèi)容的，超出局部的資金由單位自行解決，情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的還要追究相關(guān)人員責(zé)任。另一方面，要著力抓好分管工程的組織實(shí)施。全面完成2021年易地扶貧搬遷工程，建成移民住宅280戶；啟動(dòng)實(shí)施2021年易地扶貧搬遷工程，新建集中安置點(diǎn)11處，開工建設(shè)移民住宅733戶，年內(nèi)完成70%工程量；認(rèn)真做好村級(jí)公

48、益事業(yè)建設(shè)“一事一議財(cái)政獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)工程，在50個(gè)村實(shí)施村內(nèi)根底設(shè)施建設(shè)工程50個(gè)；全面完成2021年穩(wěn)固退耕還林成果工程、世行貸款可持續(xù)開展農(nóng)業(yè)工程和高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)工程各項(xiàng)任務(wù)。 二、圍繞提速提質(zhì)，著力抓好新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)。投資10億元，實(shí)施城鎮(zhèn)根底設(shè)施建設(shè)工程36項(xiàng)，著力抓好四個(gè)方面的工作：一要瞄準(zhǔn)國(guó)家政策導(dǎo)向搞規(guī)劃。積極吃透新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)有關(guān)精神，做好與省市新型城鎮(zhèn)化規(guī)劃和城鎮(zhèn)體系規(guī)劃的對(duì)接，認(rèn)真調(diào)研，科學(xué)編制我縣新型城鎮(zhèn)化開展規(guī)劃和縣域城鎮(zhèn)體系規(guī)劃。全力抓好新一輪縣城總體規(guī)劃修編，完成4個(gè)中心村莊風(fēng)貌規(guī)劃，*歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃，*兩鎮(zhèn)鎮(zhèn)區(qū)給排水專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃和局部縣城重大根底設(shè)施建設(shè)分項(xiàng)規(guī)劃，為爭(zhēng)取國(guó)家

49、對(duì)縣城和小城鎮(zhèn)支持工程打下規(guī)劃根底。二要強(qiáng)化工程質(zhì)量進(jìn)度抓建設(shè)。按照“新區(qū)提速、老城提質(zhì)、組團(tuán)開發(fā)、整體推進(jìn)的思路，全力抓好*開發(fā)、商品房開發(fā)、居民遷建安置、保障性住房建設(shè)、集中供熱、路網(wǎng)改造、綠化亮化、市政設(shè)施維修改造“八大工程20個(gè)具體工程建設(shè)，扎實(shí)推進(jìn)各項(xiàng)前期工作，確保3月上旬所有續(xù)建工程、路網(wǎng)建設(shè)、城區(qū)綠化亮化和市政設(shè)施維修工程全面開工，5月底前商品房開發(fā)、保障性住房和居民安置樓建設(shè)工程全面開工，11月底前行政中心、多功能文化中心、法院審判庭、公安局業(yè)務(wù)技術(shù)用房、污水處理廠、路網(wǎng)工程、綠化亮化工程全面竣工，集中供熱工程確保投用。特別是要把城區(qū)居民搬遷安置作為今年縣城建設(shè)的一件大事來抓，

50、中臺(tái)鎮(zhèn)和國(guó)土、住建等相關(guān)部門要克服困難，全力參與，各方齊用勁，擰成一股繩，務(wù)必于5月底前完成協(xié)議簽訂，并啟動(dòng)安置樓建設(shè)，力爭(zhēng)盡快建成搬遷，為縣城建設(shè)騰開步子。三要整合執(zhí)法力量抓管理。推行城市管理相對(duì)集中處分權(quán)試點(diǎn)，理順城市管理體制，整合執(zhí)法力量，扎實(shí)推進(jìn)環(huán)境衛(wèi)生、市容市貌、交通秩序、市政設(shè)施管理。深入開展“三項(xiàng)創(chuàng)立，六大整治活動(dòng)即：示范街、文明個(gè)體戶、文明工地創(chuàng)立和汽修汽配市場(chǎng)、市容環(huán)境、建筑市場(chǎng)、戶外廣告清理、城區(qū)校園周邊環(huán)境、專業(yè)市場(chǎng)整治，下功夫解決縣城區(qū)廢品收購(gòu)、汽配維修、亂堆亂放等突出問題。要下硬手查處違建問題，堅(jiān)決遏制亂修亂建、搶修搶建、謀取征遷私利的勢(shì)頭。四要延伸城市公共效勞抓村鎮(zhèn)

51、建設(shè)。4個(gè)重點(diǎn)鎮(zhèn)要抓住國(guó)家支持建制鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)的政策機(jī)遇，找準(zhǔn)功能定位，優(yōu)化開展布局，積極爭(zhēng)取工程支持，全力實(shí)施好道路、給排水、集中供暖等根底設(shè)施配套工程23項(xiàng)，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)小城鎮(zhèn)提質(zhì)擴(kuò)容。其他鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)在現(xiàn)有根底上，以完善功能、強(qiáng)化配套為重點(diǎn)，加強(qiáng)小城鎮(zhèn)日常管理，合理控制城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)規(guī)模。堅(jiān)持點(diǎn)面結(jié)合、以面為主、整村推進(jìn)的思路，以優(yōu)先保障住房最危險(xiǎn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)最困難的群眾為前提，持續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村危房改造，年內(nèi)完成危改2000戶9萬(wàn)平方米，進(jìn)一步改善群眾居住條件。特別是在危改對(duì)象確定過程中，要嚴(yán)格按照“一申二評(píng)三核四批的程序，實(shí)行三級(jí)審批，三榜公示，做到公平、公正、陽(yáng)光操作。 三、堅(jiān)持征管并舉，著力抓好財(cái)稅工作。堅(jiān)決不移地

52、抓好收支調(diào)度、資金爭(zhēng)取和財(cái)經(jīng)監(jiān)管，確保財(cái)稅收入實(shí)現(xiàn)新突破，監(jiān)管水平實(shí)現(xiàn)新提高。一要突出財(cái)政增收加強(qiáng)預(yù)算執(zhí)行。繼續(xù)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行部門和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)稅收考核制度，完善征稅鼓勵(lì)機(jī)制，不斷健全社會(huì)綜合治稅，擴(kuò)大稅源根底。建立月調(diào)度、季考核的財(cái)政工作機(jī)制和財(cái)政收入定期通報(bào)制度，防止工作上前松后緊、增幅大起大落，確保收入均衡入庫(kù)、平穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)，上半年實(shí)現(xiàn)“雙過半，全年突破億元大關(guān)，到達(dá)*萬(wàn)元。各涉稅業(yè)務(wù)部門要積極配合開展代征代扣業(yè)務(wù)，確保各項(xiàng)稅收和非稅收入應(yīng)收盡收。要切實(shí)保障好農(nóng)業(yè)、教育、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、社會(huì)保障、保障性安居工程、公共文化等重點(diǎn)支出需要。嚴(yán)格控制一般性支出和“三公經(jīng)費(fèi)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)會(huì)議費(fèi)、差旅費(fèi)和車輛管理，降低行政本錢。

53、二要突出資金爭(zhēng)取狠抓財(cái)源建設(shè)。緊緊抓住上級(jí)投資導(dǎo)向積極論證申報(bào)工程，年內(nèi)力爭(zhēng)爭(zhēng)取到位各類財(cái)政專項(xiàng)資金8億元以上，比上年提高10%以上。加大財(cái)政對(duì)工業(yè)、農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品加工、牛果菜農(nóng)村主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)等支持力度，設(shè)立專項(xiàng)扶持基金，落實(shí)稅收優(yōu)惠政策，優(yōu)先幫助申報(bào)工程資金，培育新的穩(wěn)定財(cái)源。三是突出改革創(chuàng)新加強(qiáng)財(cái)政管理。積極推進(jìn)金財(cái)工程一體化平臺(tái)建設(shè)，完善國(guó)庫(kù)集中支付改革，逐步取消紙質(zhì)憑證和單據(jù)流轉(zhuǎn)。加快部門電子化預(yù)算進(jìn)程，啟動(dòng)金財(cái)工程部門預(yù)算模塊。健全預(yù)決算公開機(jī)制。認(rèn)真實(shí)施營(yíng)改增試點(diǎn)。繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大政府采購(gòu)范圍和規(guī)模，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)政府采購(gòu)行為。加強(qiáng)國(guó)有資產(chǎn)管理，加大清理清查力度，嚴(yán)防流失。推進(jìn)預(yù)算績(jī)效管理，加大對(duì)民生工程和政

54、府投資重大工程的財(cái)政監(jiān)管力度。加強(qiáng)政府性投資工程評(píng)審和結(jié)算。進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)政府性債務(wù)管理，建立債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)警機(jī)制。四要突出金融改革破解資金難題。針對(duì)當(dāng)前財(cái)力缺乏，產(chǎn)業(yè)開展、工程建設(shè)等資金短缺的問題，各金融機(jī)構(gòu)要積極探索，創(chuàng)新金融效勞“三農(nóng)、助推扶貧攻堅(jiān)和中小微企業(yè)開展機(jī)制，探索開展“三權(quán)抵押，量身訂作符合企業(yè)實(shí)際的金融產(chǎn)品和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈融資等信貸模式，積極支持全縣經(jīng)濟(jì)開展。 四、嚴(yán)守耕地紅線，著力抓好國(guó)土資源管理工作。按照保紅線、保開展的要求，嚴(yán)格耕地保護(hù)，大力推進(jìn)節(jié)約集約用地，強(qiáng)化執(zhí)法檢查，確保國(guó)土資源管理科學(xué)有序。一要全力保護(hù)耕地資源。持續(xù)加大根本農(nóng)田保護(hù)力度，從嚴(yán)控制非農(nóng)建設(shè)占用耕地，確保耕地保護(hù)紅

55、線不突破。全面完成農(nóng)村集體土地“三權(quán)確權(quán)和農(nóng)民宅基地確權(quán)登記頒證工作。爭(zhēng)取立項(xiàng)土地整治工程12個(gè)，爭(zhēng)取資金1000萬(wàn)元以上。全面完成*不穩(wěn)定斜坡治理工程和*等7個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)14個(gè)村6個(gè)土地整治工程，整理土地公頃。各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)要抓建較高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的土地復(fù)墾整理示范點(diǎn)1處，確保耕地占補(bǔ)平衡。二要有力保障開展用地。按照“增量上努力爭(zhēng)取、存量上積極盤活、利用上節(jié)約集約的原那么，積極盤活土地存量，優(yōu)先保障重大建設(shè)工程、民生工程、根底設(shè)施用地，切實(shí)保障戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)、節(jié)能環(huán)保、保障住房建設(shè)等領(lǐng)域的工程建設(shè)用地需求。積極抓好土地資產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)，完成土地出讓收益2000萬(wàn)元以上。三要著力保障開展環(huán)境。加大國(guó)土資源執(zhí)法監(jiān)察力度，著力控

56、制未報(bào)即用、批少占多等違法用地多發(fā)的態(tài)勢(shì)，嚴(yán)肅查處國(guó)土資源違法案件，有效保障土地開發(fā)利用秩序穩(wěn)定，確保我縣衛(wèi)片執(zhí)法檢查“零通報(bào)、零問責(zé)、零約談。 五、堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)籌兼顧，著力抓好審計(jì)等其他各項(xiàng)工作。審計(jì)工作要按照審計(jì)監(jiān)督全覆蓋的要求，以財(cái)政預(yù)算執(zhí)行審計(jì)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任審計(jì)、政府投資工程審計(jì)、民生專項(xiàng)資金審計(jì)、行政事業(yè)單位財(cái)務(wù)收支審計(jì)等為重點(diǎn)，加大審計(jì)力度，擴(kuò)大審計(jì)覆蓋面，深刻揭示突出問題，及時(shí)提出有價(jià)值、有針對(duì)性的建議，強(qiáng)化審計(jì)查出問題的催促整改，有效維護(hù)正常的經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。統(tǒng)計(jì)工作要深入推進(jìn)統(tǒng)計(jì)制度改革，切實(shí)搞好經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行和社會(huì)開展監(jiān)測(cè)效勞。加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)計(jì)根底建設(shè)和統(tǒng)計(jì)巡查監(jiān)管，推進(jìn)統(tǒng)計(jì)能力建設(shè)，提高統(tǒng)計(jì)質(zhì)

57、量。法制工作對(duì)縣政府各類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性文件從嚴(yán)審核，修訂和廢止一批現(xiàn)行文件，切實(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)約束行政行為?？h政務(wù)效勞中心和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)便民效勞網(wǎng)點(diǎn)要進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化運(yùn)行，加強(qiáng)人員管理，健全效勞制度，完善效勞功能，推進(jìn)審批效勞事項(xiàng)辦理集中化和網(wǎng)上辦理審批、繳費(fèi)、咨詢，最大限度縮短辦理時(shí)間，提高政務(wù)效勞效率。物價(jià)工作要綜合運(yùn)用多種調(diào)控手段，不斷強(qiáng)化價(jià)格監(jiān)管和效勞。全力爭(zhēng)取省級(jí)價(jià)風(fēng)格節(jié)基金工程支持，在縣城建設(shè)蔬菜冷貯配送中心1處。防震減災(zāi)工作要認(rèn)真落實(shí)建設(shè)工程抗震設(shè)防要求，實(shí)現(xiàn)工程抗震設(shè)防全覆蓋。 全縣抓農(nóng)村基層黨建促脫貧攻堅(jiān)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)材料 *縣是大別山連片特困地區(qū)片區(qū)縣，地處皖西南邊陲，皖鄂贛三省交界處，總控制面積1357

58、平方公里，轄10個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、118個(gè)村、17個(gè)社區(qū)，人口萬(wàn)；黨員28033名，其中農(nóng)村黨員23087名；基層黨組織1217個(gè)，其中黨委13個(gè)、黨總支157個(gè)、黨支部1047個(gè)。2021年，按照精準(zhǔn)扶貧的要求全面進(jìn)行建檔立卡，全縣識(shí)別貧困村60個(gè)、貧困戶萬(wàn)戶萬(wàn)人。20212021年共減貧萬(wàn)戶萬(wàn)人，到2021年底，全縣貧困戶及貧困人口已減至74萬(wàn)人。近年來，*縣堅(jiān)持把脫貧攻堅(jiān)作為主戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，把強(qiáng)化責(zé)任落實(shí)、措施落細(xì)、效勞落小、考核落準(zhǔn)作為黨建助推脫貧攻堅(jiān)的著力點(diǎn)，扎實(shí)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村基層黨建與脫貧攻堅(jiān)深度融合。 一、主要做法 一堅(jiān)持目標(biāo)引領(lǐng)，把責(zé)任落實(shí)。中央和省、市脫貧攻堅(jiān)大會(huì)后，縣委、縣政府明確提出將脫貧攻堅(jiān)作為“十三五時(shí)期“六大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)之一，緊扣全面建成小康社會(huì)目標(biāo)，用3年左右時(shí)間實(shí)現(xiàn)縣摘帽、村出列、戶脫貧。圍繞這一目標(biāo)，層層壓緊壓實(shí)包保幫扶責(zé)任。建立了縣、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村、組四級(jí)黨員干部聯(lián)系包保責(zé)任制，把責(zé)任扛在肩上。目前，39名縣級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干局部別聯(lián)系1-3個(gè)貧困村，全縣7155名黨員干部、職工共包保幫扶14124個(gè)貧困戶，其