物流外文文獻及翻譯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上文獻出處: Mahpula A. The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness J. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34.原文The Research of Regional Logistics CompetitivenessMahpula AAbstractAt present, the development of logistics is the logistics demand rapid increase, the expanding m

2、arket capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, with the rapid increase of logistics demand, t

3、he development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional

4、logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integration can make the area and regional logisti

5、cs incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide supp

6、ort and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional investment environment and industry develop

7、ment environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness.Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index1 IntroductionThe rapid development of world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the

8、 logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree become to measure a country's modernization degree and compreh

9、ensive national strength, one of the important marks is known as the "third profit source" of the enterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT industry, financial industry's hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national economy, and caused wides

10、pread social attention. Regional logistics is an important component of regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competitive ability of regiona

11、l market, etc., plays a positive role in active. Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics competitiveness developm

12、ent level evaluation index, since there is no uniform standard, can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics. Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure logistics scale has ce

13、rtain scientific, but it can't reflect the outline of the regional logistics. Estimates of logistics demand, typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macro level, the proportion of d

14、ifferent researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent, there are large difference between the results and gives theoretical analysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industry's economic statistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive logistics demand

15、statistics, which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.2 Literature reviewAbout the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by the American strategic managem

16、ent experts made (C.K.P rahalad) and Britain's strategic management experts hamer (c. amel), refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advanta

17、ge over other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products, management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantage in the market. At present there are three typ

18、ical academic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christie's school; School represented by porter's theory of market structure; Represented by Werner Phil and Penrose's theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, ext

19、ensibility and inherent characteristics.Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise optimization strategy. And regional logistics syst

20、em and competitiveness research, involved. According to literature review, the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems.

21、Specific include logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation. Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools, more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, and coordinate

22、 the factory more support, strategic distribution system design problem. This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method and heuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical

23、method solving the problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of site selection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings. For example Tanjguchietal

24、 from the city level, using a dynamic traffic simulation model, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility

25、. For example MeirJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network, etc.3 Introducti

26、on to the theory of regional logistics related 3.1 The definition of regional logisticsAcademic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified, a more accepted view is that regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center, b

27、ased on the regional scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processi

28、ng, information processing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, the integration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to the goods, services and related information fr

29、om the supplier to accept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash-flow, information flow and cash flow.3.2 Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrierRegional logistics has the characteristics of multi-level and multi-dime

30、nsional structure, its basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system, each element show different features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly invo

31、lved in or specialized is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goodsFlow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc. Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point of

32、 connection in the whole course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body, logistics has a decisive role in the

33、development of logistics industry. Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also a reg

34、ional logistics park, logistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system.3.3 Regional logistics and regional economic relationsRegional

35、 logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely r

36、elated to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, th

37、e logistics industry as a service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide sup

38、port and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Thus, regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of r

39、egional logistics development, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the r

40、egional economic development goals and strategies.4 Regional logistics competitivenessRegional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range (general administrative area as the border, across regions), the logistics industry are different from other areas of the assignment of resources w

41、as made in the advantage, the logistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability, eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more than all kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementary and integrated abi

42、lity system, reflect the regional comparison of competitive power in the logistics activity, reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and the logistics industry development level of high and low. The competitiveness of the regional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements

43、 constitute: social and economic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition of logistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise information development level, development level, the macro environment.4.1 The social and economic development levelComp

44、rehensive social and economic development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also re

45、flects the competitiveness of regional logistics development potential and power.4.2 The logistics demand scaleLogistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resour

46、ce conditions, it reflects a region, the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity, is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation.4.3 Logistics supply conditionTh

47、e supply condition of logistics refers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment, is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and size of traffic

48、capacity and regional situation, the comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level, reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction, is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logistics competition.4

49、.4 Logistics enterprise development levelLogistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logistics main body's ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand, embodies the subject of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competition

50、 ability, profit ability and performance level, reflect a certain period of logistics enterprises in the area of the overall level of development, is the key factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness.4.5 Information development levelMainly refers to the regional information deve

51、lopment level of information degree and the level of information technology. Logistics is based on information flow, logistics has become more and more rely on the whole process of access to information. Many logistics enterprises have established their own information management system as a crucial

52、 to the development of its core competitiveness, the development level of information is the one important factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness level.4.6 Logistics macro environmentMacro environment refers to the logistics industry development of logistics industry developm

53、ent planning, land use policy, tax policy, market access policy, talent training, such as the soft environment, affecting the development of logistics industry reflects the external environment for the development of the logistics industry to provide favorable conditions and the environment support.

54、譯文區(qū)域物流競爭力研究作者 Mahpula A摘要當(dāng)前，物流的發(fā)展正呈現(xiàn)出物流需求快速上升、市場容量不斷擴大、物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)加速、第三方物流快速成長的趨勢，整個物流產(chǎn)業(yè)正朝著信息化、全球化和專業(yè)化的方向發(fā)展。同時，隨著物流需求的快速增加，區(qū)域物流的發(fā)展更加迅猛。區(qū)域物流是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分，區(qū)域物流的存在和發(fā)展是以區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的存在和發(fā)展為前提的，沒有區(qū)域經(jīng)濟也就沒有區(qū)域物流。區(qū)域物流與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的水平、規(guī)模密切相關(guān)，不同區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的水平、規(guī)模和產(chǎn)業(yè)形態(tài)，決定了區(qū)域物流的水平、規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)。區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化能使區(qū)域內(nèi)和區(qū)域間的物流趨向合理，適應(yīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的合理布局，從而降低物流成本，促進區(qū)域物

55、流發(fā)展。反之，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展也離不開區(qū)域物流的發(fā)展，區(qū)域物流為區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展提供支撐與保障，區(qū)域物流的發(fā)展將帶動和促進區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的進一步發(fā)展。因此，區(qū)域物流的發(fā)展己成為改善區(qū)域投資環(huán)境和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境、擴大區(qū)域影響范圍、提升區(qū)域競爭力的關(guān)鍵。關(guān)鍵詞:區(qū)域物流，區(qū)域物流競爭力，評價指標(biāo)1 引言世界經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的進步，物流產(chǎn)業(yè)作為一個新興的服務(wù)性產(chǎn)業(yè)，正在全球范圍內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展。在國際上，物流產(chǎn)業(yè)被認(rèn)為是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的動脈和基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)，其發(fā)展程度成為衡量一國現(xiàn)代化程度和綜合國力的重要標(biāo)志之一，被譽為企業(yè)的“第三利潤源泉”，其發(fā)揮的作用越來越大，成為了繼IT業(yè)、金融業(yè)之后的當(dāng)前最熱門的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)和國

56、民經(jīng)濟新的增長點，引起了社會的普遍重視。區(qū)域物流是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的重要構(gòu)成要素，是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟形成與發(fā)展的重要力量，它對提高區(qū)域流通領(lǐng)域的效率和經(jīng)濟效益，提高區(qū)域市場的競爭能力等，發(fā)揮著積極的能動作用。然而，現(xiàn)代物流快速發(fā)展的背后仍然存在較多的問題，其中物流競爭力水平低于物流發(fā)展水平顯得尤為突出。選擇物流競爭力發(fā)展水平評價指標(biāo)時，由于沒有統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，只能利用貨運量或貨運周轉(zhuǎn)量來衡量物流規(guī)模。運輸是物流過程中實現(xiàn)貨物空間位移的中心環(huán)節(jié)，用這兩個指標(biāo)來衡量物流規(guī)模有一定的科學(xué)性，但不能真實反映地區(qū)物流的全貌。估計物流需求量時，通常的做法是根據(jù)GDP和社會消費品零售總額等國民經(jīng)濟核算指標(biāo)。這僅僅是宏觀層次上的

57、一種簡單估算，不同的研究人員采用的比例不同，從百分之十幾到百分之二十不等，所得結(jié)果存在較大差異，給理論分析帶來了較大的困難。同時，有關(guān)物流產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟統(tǒng)計資料極度缺乏，也沒有全面的物流需求統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，這使我們對物流的理解始終處于定性的認(rèn)識水平上。2 文獻綜述關(guān)于核心競爭力理論，核心競爭力 (Core Competence)的原意是核心能力或核心技能，這一概念是1990年由美國的企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略管理專家普拉哈拉得(C.K.Prahalad)和英國的企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略管理專家哈默爾(C.Hamel)提出的，指的是企業(yè)組織中的積累性知識，特別是關(guān)于如何協(xié)調(diào)不同的生產(chǎn)技能和整合多種技術(shù)知識，并據(jù)此獲得超越其他競爭對手的獨特

58、能力，即核心競爭力是建立在企業(yè)核心資源基礎(chǔ)之上的，是企業(yè)的智力、技術(shù)、產(chǎn)品、管理、文化等要素的綜合優(yōu)勢在市場上的反映。目前學(xué)術(shù)界有三個有代表性的論點:以羅斯比和克里斯蒂森為代表的能力論學(xué)派;以波特為代表的市場結(jié)構(gòu)論學(xué)派;以沃納菲爾和潘羅斯為代表的資源論學(xué)派。核心競爭力具有價值雙重性、能力整合性、獨特性、延伸性和時段性的特點。關(guān)于區(qū)域物流的相關(guān)理論研究，物流發(fā)達的歐美、日本等國研究，側(cè)重于企業(yè)層面，即致力于提供企業(yè)優(yōu)化策略。而區(qū)域?qū)用娴奈锪飨到y(tǒng)及競爭力研究，則涉及不多。根據(jù)文獻查閱，國際上區(qū)域性物流領(lǐng)域研究，主要包括以下幾個方面:(1)從跨國公司角度研究全球性物流資源配置和協(xié)調(diào)問題。具體包括物流

59、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、市場競爭機制及物流供應(yīng)鏈運行等問題。此類研究多利用運籌學(xué)等數(shù)量化技術(shù)工具，為供應(yīng)鏈的全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)施選址定位、多工廠協(xié)調(diào)、戰(zhàn)略配送體系設(shè)計等問題提供支持。這是企業(yè)層面物流優(yōu)化研究的擴展，常用方法包括數(shù)學(xué)解析法、系統(tǒng)仿真法和啟發(fā)式方法等。如位分法和圖解法解決一元網(wǎng)點的布局問題;混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃解決物流中心的選址以及物流規(guī)劃問題等。(2)從城市經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境角度，研究城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)置問題。例如 Tanjguchietal從城市層面，利用交通仿真動力學(xué)模型，定量研究經(jīng)濟增長、運輸需求，以及道路擁擠和環(huán)境污染的相互關(guān)聯(lián)。(3)從城市政府角度，研究其在宏觀物流發(fā)展中承擔(dān)的角色和效用。例如MeirJ.R和Senblatt，研究了全球化供應(yīng)鏈管理中設(shè)施融資、交通以及地區(qū)交易規(guī)則、企業(yè)稅費法律中的政府補貼等全球生產(chǎn)和配送網(wǎng)絡(luò)主要因素的效用等。3區(qū)域物流相關(guān)理論概述3.1區(qū)域物流的定義學(xué)術(shù)界對區(qū)域物流的定義尚未