初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全

1、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全 本文包括，名詞，代詞，形容詞，動(dòng)詞，冠詞；一般現(xiàn)在，將來(lái)時(shí)。 初一的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)包括： 主要掌握幾種時(shí)態(tài)1，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2，一般過(guò)去時(shí)3，一般將來(lái)時(shí)4，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還有幾種詞1，名詞2，代詞3，形容詞4，動(dòng)詞5，冠詞 初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 一、詞法 1、名詞 A）、名詞的數(shù) 我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下： 一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses

2、, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來(lái)詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯 五）以f或

3、fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員 九

4、）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚(yú) fishes魚(yú)的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡,orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人

5、peoples民族,time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉chickens 小雞 十一） 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B）名詞的格 當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下： 一）單數(shù)在后面加s。如：brothe

6、rs, Mikes, teachers 二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers Day教師節(jié), classmates; Childrens Day六一節(jié), Womens Day三八節(jié) 三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Bens room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mikes and Bens rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間） 2、代詞 項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞 人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性 第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my

7、mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves 3、動(dòng)詞 A） 第三人稱單數(shù) 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下： 一）一般在詞

8、后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has B） 現(xiàn)在分詞 當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某人正在做什么

9、事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下： 一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開(kāi)

10、字母組合如show showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying 位于 4、形容詞的級(jí) 我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下： 一） 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tall

11、est, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三） 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendl

12、y most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn)) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, se

13、cond, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、句式 1.陳述句 肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動(dòng)詞) b) He looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞) c) I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞) d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) e) Theres a

14、 computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu)) 否定陳述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice. c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll. e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.) 2. 祈使句 肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定

15、祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry. 3. 疑問(wèn)句 1) 一般疑問(wèn)句 a) Is Jim a student?b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading? 肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt.

16、 d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt. 2) 選擇疑問(wèn)句 Is the table big or small?回答 Its big./ Its small. 3) 特殊疑問(wèn)句 問(wèn)年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 問(wèn)種類What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 問(wèn)身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 問(wèn)方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How

17、do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones. 問(wèn)原因Why do you want to join the club? 問(wèn)時(shí)間 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m. What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock. When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 問(wèn)地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 問(wèn)顏色

18、What color are they? They are light blue. Whats your favourite color? Its black. 問(wèn)人物 Whos that? Its my sister. Who is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 問(wèn)東西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case. What else can you see in the pi

19、cture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11問(wèn)姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen. Whats your first name? My first names Ben. Whats your family name? My family names Smith. 12 問(wèn)哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box. 13 問(wèn)字母What letter is it? Its big D/small f. 14 問(wèn)價(jià)格How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars. 15 問(wèn)電話號(hào)碼 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349. 16 問(wèn)謂語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV. 17 問(wèn)職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher. Whats your father? Hes a doctor. 三、時(shí)態(tài) 1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示