動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)

1、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)-How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?-Well, the media _ it in a variety of forms.(2014 江蘇)A. cover B. will coverC. have covered D. covered 一般現(xiàn)在時?1.表經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表頻度的時間狀語連用，如everysometimes, onSunday 等。?2. 表客觀真理和科學(xué)事實。 The earth moves around the sun .The tea

2、cher told us the earth around the sun .?3.用于條件，時間，讓步狀語從句中，主將從現(xiàn)。I will go with you as soon as I (finish) my work .Whatever you (say), I will not change my mind.?4.用于文學(xué)作品和文學(xué)評論中。his characters live through their language inAccording to the literary review, Shakespeare _ his plays.A. will make B. had ma

3、de C. was making D. makes 5.表示預(yù)計或規(guī)定6.方位副詞或介詞短語放在句首，主語是名詞時，且全部倒裝時，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在 發(fā)生的動作 基礎(chǔ)再練? I 'll go there after I (fin ish) my work.? The water will be further polluted unless some measures? My train (leave )at 6:30.? A snow (expect) to come next week.? On the wall (hang) a picture.? This kind of c

4、loth (wash ) well.? Don ' t take it away. It (belong) to me.? He said water (boil) at 100 ° C二.一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時? 一般過去時表過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。常用的時 間狀語有： yesterday ， just now, last year, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982? 現(xiàn)在完成時則 表示： 1 )一個動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還將持續(xù)下去) 常用的時間狀語有 lately, in the last /

5、 past few days, since then, so far 等。 2)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。 常用的狀語有 just, never, before 等。He served in the army from 1954to 1959 .He has served in the army for 5 years .He wrote many plays when he was at college .He has written many plays.He has lived in London for 3 years.He lived in London for 3 years.I

6、t' s two years since he smoked.(take)等。already,cf:A:B:It' s two years since he began to smoke. C: He was writing a book last year.He wrote a book last year.1 .-How was the journey?-Tiring! All the seats in the train . I stoodall the way.A. were occupied B. would be occupiedC. would occupyD.

7、has occupiedA. workedC. had worked3. Look! SomebodyA. is cleaningC. has cleaned 基礎(chǔ)再練B. was cleaningD. had cleaned2. He works in China now, but he in Africa for eight years.B. has workedD. has been working the sofa.Well,it wasn't me . I didn't do it.1. -I haven ' t seen you for ages. Have

8、n' t you graduated from collage?- Yes, I (study ) English for four years in Nanjing University.2. Where you (put ) my book? I can ' t find it any where.3. Although he has lived with us for years, he ( not leave ) us much impression .4. My brother is an actor. He (appear ) in several films in

9、 the past few years.5. -Li ping may not come tonight.-But he (promise).三 . 一般將來時1) will /shallwill 用于各種人稱，表現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，還可表必然趨勢，臨時決定等。 Shall 只用于第一人稱。2) be going to do 表計劃或打算要做某事，還可表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在跡象對未來進(jìn)行推測。3) be about to do 表立即的將來，因此不與將來的具體的時間狀語連用。4) be to do 表按計劃或安排要做的事，意為應(yīng)該，想，打算，注定會。5) 有些動詞如 come, go,

10、 arrive, leave, begin 等，其一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時亦可表按計劃， 安排將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)?；A(chǔ)再練? Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your safety belt. The plane ( take ) off.? Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 (take) off at 18:20.? If you (succeed) ,you should work hard.? Look at the dark clouds. It (rain)?-The light is still on .-

11、 Sorry. I (go ) and turn it off.四 . 過去完成時與將來完成時1. 過完表一件事情發(fā)生在過去，而另一件事先于它發(fā)生，即過去的過去。常用的時間狀語有by then, by that time, by the end of before 2000, hardly / scarcely /rarely when ,no sooner than2. 表意向的動詞如 hope ,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，常用過完表 “原 本 而未能”I had hoped/expected/meant /intended t

12、o do ,but =I hoped /expected to have done but=I would like /love to have done but=I was to have done /I was going to do /I would have done but3. 將完 到將來某一時間，某動作將會完成。其結(jié)構(gòu)為 will have done . 常用的時間狀語 為 by +將來的某個時間基礎(chǔ)再練? Helen (leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband(come )home.?

13、I (hope) to meet Mr.Thompson this morning, but I found nobody left inroom.? By the time he (return ) home, the work had been finished.? By the time he returns home, the work (finish).? We plan to reach the North Pole in mid-July ,and by then we (walk ) forsix weeks.五 . 現(xiàn)進(jìn)、過進(jìn)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時、將來完成進(jìn)行時? 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示

14、： 1) ( 目前現(xiàn)階段)正在進(jìn)行的情況。2) 表反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作，往往含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾 等情緒，常與 always, continually, constantly 連用。3) 表漸變的動詞如 get, grow, become, turn ,run, go , begin 等 常用進(jìn)行時表動作的逐漸變化。? 不用于進(jìn)行時的動詞：1) 事實狀態(tài)的詞： have ,belong, possess, exist, 等2) 心理狀態(tài)的詞： know, think, realize, believe, want, 等3) 系動詞： seem, remain, smell, feel, 等。? 過去

15、進(jìn)行時表過去某一時刻或一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行。常用的時間狀語如：the wholemorning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, when, while 等。? 將來進(jìn)行時表將來某個時候或某時間段正在進(jìn)行的動作。? 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表動作的未完成性和暫時性。 基礎(chǔ)再練1) -Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet. The rooms (paint)2) My father (fall) while he (ride) his bicycle and (hurt) himself.3) -Why are her

16、 eyes red?-She (cry)4) He (fly ) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.5) You always (watch) TV . Why not do something more active?6) -Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?-No, but we (try ) to get in touch with them ever since.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)?基本構(gòu)成be+過去分詞1. 主動形式表被動1) . 系動詞 look ,sou

17、nd, feel, taste, appear, seem, prove , turn, become, fall, get, grow, keep +adj./n.The steel feels cold. /It has gone bad.2) . 表示開始，結(jié)束，運動的動詞如 begin, finish, start, close, end, shut, run 等。如：Work began at 7:00 this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m every day.3) . 表主語的某種屬性特征的動詞，如：read, write, drive, se

18、ll, wash, lock,draw, dry 等。這類詞一般不單獨使用，常有一個修飾詞，如：easily, well, soomthly.4) . 固定詞組 be to blame, be to let.5) 在 need,require, want, worth(adj.), deserve 后的動名詞用主動形式。6) measure, weigh, add up to 后接數(shù)字時。7) 在 be+adj.+to do 中， 不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語時。2. 不及物動詞或某些動詞短語無被動。如： appear, die, disappear, end (結(jié)束)， happen, si

19、t, take place,3. 不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或短語，如：fit, have, own, wish, suffer from, happen to belong to基礎(chǔ)再練1. The water cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A. was leftB. was to feelC. felt D. was to be felt2. I feel it is your husband who for the spoiled child .A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blame3. Docto