主語(yǔ)從句詳解及練習(xí)_附答案

1、高二年級(jí)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)剖析 (李翌洋一、名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句,在整個(gè)句子中所起的作用, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。因此,這四種從句通稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi):連接詞:that, whether, if (不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.連接副詞:when, where, how, why1. 主語(yǔ)從句作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞 that , whether , if 和連接代詞 what , who , which , whatever

2、, whoever 以及連接副詞 how , when , where , why 等詞引導(dǎo)。 that 在句中無(wú)詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副 詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如:(1 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說(shuō)什么,還不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)

3、將在哪里舉行,還沒(méi)有宣布。注意:有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語(yǔ) it 代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ) 放于句首, 而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。 主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 常 用句型如下:(1 It + be + 名詞 + that從句(2 It + be + 形容詞 + that從句(3 It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + that從句(4 It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句另注意在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí),謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“ (should +do” ,常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natural, s

4、trange, etc. that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc. thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc. that2. 賓語(yǔ)從句名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣, 在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。1. 由連接詞 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連接詞 that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí), that 在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,在口語(yǔ)或非正 式的文體中常被省去, 但如從句是并列句時(shí) , 第二個(gè)分句前的 that 不可省。 例

5、如:He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要 去上海。We must never think (that we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。注意:在 demand 、 order 、 suggest 、 decide 、 insist, desire, demand, request, command 等表示要求、 命令、 建議、 決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后, 賓語(yǔ)從句常用 “ (shoul

6、d + 動(dòng)詞原形” 。例如:I insist that she (should do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should set off at once. 司令員命令部 隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。2. 用 who , whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句, 應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ) 序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如:I want to know what he has told

7、 you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會(huì)給予熱 情的支持。3. 用 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,其主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持 陳述句語(yǔ)序。此外, whether 與 if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般 只能用 whether ,不用 if :a. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí);b. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí);c . 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí);d. 從句

8、后有“ or not”時(shí);e. 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如:Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有沒(méi)有生命是個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有 足夠的錢(qián)。4. 注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)自身的句子情 況,而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如:he studies English every day. (從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)he studied English last term. (從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)

9、I know (that he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)he has studied English since 1998. (從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意:當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) (could, would除外 , 從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去 時(shí)態(tài), 如一般過(guò)去時(shí), 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí), 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等; 當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理, 科學(xué)原理,自然現(xiàn)象,則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如:The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的

10、否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中, 要把上述 主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例?We don t think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I don t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。3. 表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的 關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣, 表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后, 有時(shí)用 as if引導(dǎo)。 其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句。例如:The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。 That is why he

11、didn t come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是 reason 時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句要用 that 引導(dǎo)而不是 because 。 例如:The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning練習(xí)題選擇:1. “Is Mary from New York City” “I don't know _.”A. from what city do

12、es she come from B. from what city she come C. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from 2. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever3. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I

13、got4. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 5. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so 6. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting alon

14、g C. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along 7. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever8. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is9. I am sure _

15、he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what10. I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs11. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for 12. I don't doubt _ he'll

16、 come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether 13. “Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”“Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.”A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it 14. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. Thatwh

17、at B. Whatthat C. Thatwhich D. Whatwhich 15. _ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. Ifdo B. Thatdo C. Ifdoes D. Thatdoes 16. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that17. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. i

18、f B. that C. whether D. which18. “Do you know _”“His father is a doctor.”A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is19. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others' help. A. if B. that C. what D. whether 20. She asked _.A. what I was doi

19、ng when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing21. It's uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how22. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday.

20、 A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for 23. _ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which 24. _ we can't get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what 25. _ you don't like him is none of my busine

21、ss.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 26. _ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where27. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that D. If what 28. _is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B.

22、 Why C. How D. Who29. _ we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That 30. _ the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What31. _ he won't go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This 32.

23、 _ you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether 33. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody 34. _ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How 35. The problem is _will go to the meeting. A. why B. when C. what D

24、. who 36. that is _ he likes the place so much. A. that B. what C. why D. how 37. that is _ Lu Xun once lived. A. what B. where C. that D. why 38. What I'm considering now _ the money we need. A. is B. are C. were D. was 39. Can you tell me _ A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 40. We should think carefully about _ Mr. Needham said at the meeting. A. that B. what C. which D. X 4