高中完形填空解題技巧（課堂PPT）

1、12高考英語(yǔ)完形填空趨勢(shì) 從近幾年全國(guó)高考的完形填空來(lái)看，已經(jīng)不再考核學(xué)生語(yǔ)法方面的知識(shí)了，而是從語(yǔ)義搭配、結(jié)構(gòu)搭配、慣用搭配及邏輯知識(shí)等方面來(lái)測(cè)試學(xué)生詞匯的掌握及運(yùn)用。而且有些詞的選擇，必須在理解整篇文章的基礎(chǔ)上，才能作出正確的判斷。3高考英語(yǔ)完形填空命題特點(diǎn)1. 短文長(zhǎng)度200詞左右，生詞少，難度適中。2. 首句無(wú)空格，提供語(yǔ)境。5-10詞設(shè)一人名、 地名、日期、數(shù)字不在之列。隔詞數(shù)越少， 題目越難；反之亦然。3. 選項(xiàng)多為一詞，偶會(huì)為詞組。四選項(xiàng)為同一類 詞或?qū)偻环懂牐蚪x或形異義，或與前 后配成詞組。故干擾性、迷性大。4高考英語(yǔ)完形填空命題特點(diǎn)4.考查單詞以實(shí)詞(v.,n.,adj

2、.,adv,pron.)為主，虛詞(conj.,prep.)為輔。實(shí)詞一般占80%-90%，其中又以動(dòng)、名、形為主。5.以考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的整體理解和詞匯的意義把握為主。有些要結(jié)合常識(shí)才能正確選項(xiàng)；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基礎(chǔ)上，正確把握上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，才能正確判斷和選擇。5完形填空題選項(xiàng)分布完形填空題選項(xiàng)分布試卷動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞 名詞代詞介詞連詞08741413009546400110824400211853300112842410167完形填空解題步驟完形填空解題步驟通覽通覽-試填試填-復(fù)核復(fù)核 1 通覽通覽-速度全文，把握大意速度全文，把握大意 快速閱讀一下全文，通過(guò)通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，快

3、速閱讀一下全文，通過(guò)通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)層次、概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)層次、情節(jié)、寫作風(fēng)格等等。情節(jié)、寫作風(fēng)格等等。 2 試填試填-緊扣文意，瞻前顧后緊扣文意，瞻前顧后 先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下文和語(yǔ)境，展開(kāi)邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線文和語(yǔ)境，展開(kāi)邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語(yǔ)法，常識(shí)索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語(yǔ)法，常識(shí)等多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行綜合考慮。等多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行綜合考慮。83 復(fù)核復(fù)核-全面檢查，確全面檢查，確保語(yǔ)意連貫，用詞準(zhǔn)確保語(yǔ)意連貫

4、，用詞準(zhǔn)確 試填后，要把全文再通讀一遍試填后，要把全文再通讀一遍 ，注，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、結(jié)章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。9解題技巧解題技巧1. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句有提示作用的詞或句。（同義詞或反義詞）。（同義詞或反義詞）2. 注意固定搭配注意固定搭配3. 注意同義詞的辨義注意同義詞的辨義4.根據(jù)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者確定所選的詞根據(jù)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者確定所選的詞5.根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng)根據(jù)上下文的邏

5、輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng)6. 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)以及相關(guān)知識(shí)確定選項(xiàng)根據(jù)生活常識(shí)以及相關(guān)知識(shí)確定選項(xiàng)7. 利用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)選出正確選項(xiàng)利用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)選出正確選項(xiàng)10解題技巧解題技巧1 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有可能是同義擇有提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有可能是同義詞或反義詞。詞或反義詞。1) Many old people dont have good _. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio .A hearing B health

6、C eyesight D time112) Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very_. A. deep B.high C. cold D. dangerous根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but的提示，所選的詞的提示，所選的詞應(yīng)與應(yīng)與shallow相反，因此選相反，因此選A123) I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase,my father following with two more.By the time I go

7、t to the third floor ,I was_ and at the same time feeling lonely.( NMET2000 第第26小小題）題） A helpless B lazy C anxious D tiredD134) and then both ended up from the same high school, just three weeks before_, Bill asked Mark if they could talk.(2003北京春季卷第北京春季卷第45小題）小題）A graduation B movement C separation

8、 D vacationA142 注意固定搭配，包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的注意固定搭配，包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選與名詞的搭配等，同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語(yǔ)。擇正確的短語(yǔ)。1）The city(Washington) was named_George Washington, the first president of the United States. A. by B. for C. as D. after 152) It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs

9、 Clarke was _tea at the time.A. cooking B. making C.burning D. serving163) Mark_ down and helped the boy pick up these articles.(2003 北京北京 春春 50小題）小題） A.fell B. sat C.lay D. knelt174) Eds been the least physically fit member in the family, and_ proud of himself.(NMET2003第第42題）題） A. strangely B. pers

10、onally C. reasonably D. eagerly185） , but they are _ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest, Said John Norris,one of the protesters.（NMET1999第第30題題)A doing B raising C putting D producing 193 注意同義詞的辨義注意同義詞的辨義1）Soon I heard a _ like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet. A

11、. sound B. cry C. voice D.shout202）The boy was _ _ the water and his canoe was _ away. A on B within C in D under A running B floating C flowing D pulling213). Give me a hand, he shouted_ he got near the boat. A. while B. till C. for D. as四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以表示時(shí)間。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以表示時(shí)間。while強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用；內(nèi)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)

12、作，常與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用；till表示的是表示的是動(dòng)作持續(xù)到某時(shí)或到某時(shí)才開(kāi)始；動(dòng)作持續(xù)到某時(shí)或到某時(shí)才開(kāi)始；for表示的是表示的是動(dòng)作持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間；動(dòng)作持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間；as連接的是一個(gè)與謂語(yǔ)連接的是一個(gè)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)詞。答案應(yīng)選動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)詞。答案應(yīng)選D，表示他，表示他一邊向船靠近一邊大聲喊。一邊向船靠近一邊大聲喊。224.根據(jù)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者確定所選的詞根據(jù)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者確定所選的詞1). And video cameras can be used to _peoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch233

13、). Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to _. A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains A.buy B. catch C.hold D.weigh 只有只有fishing boats能夠到太平洋捕能夠到太平洋捕魚，因此第一個(gè)空答案魚，因此第一個(gè)空答案A為。捕魚用為。捕魚用動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞catch，第二個(gè)空答案為，第二個(gè)空答案為B。242). When the papers were_ she discovered th

14、at twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test. A. collected B. completed C. marked D. answered255 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng) 有時(shí)，選項(xiàng)中所給的四個(gè)詞為表示上下文邏輯關(guān)有時(shí)，選項(xiàng)中所給的四個(gè)詞為表示上下文邏輯關(guān)系的連接性詞語(yǔ)，它涉及到文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合、上下連系的連接性詞語(yǔ)，它涉及到文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合、上下連貫。這類題主要考查考生對(duì)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解，貫。這類題主要考查考生對(duì)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解，如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系

15、、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、增補(bǔ)如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、增補(bǔ)關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系以及對(duì)比關(guān)系等。關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系以及對(duì)比關(guān)系等。常見(jiàn)的承接語(yǔ)有常見(jiàn)的承接語(yǔ)有and,but,however,so,therefore,等。等。其中其中for one thingfor another等連接詞表示列舉；等連接詞表示列舉；Firstand then,FirstNextThenFinally用來(lái)用來(lái)按次序描述時(shí)間發(fā)生的過(guò)程；按次序描述時(shí)間發(fā)生的過(guò)程；anyhow,still,though,although表示讓步關(guān)系；表示讓步關(guān)系；therefore,so表結(jié)果；表結(jié)果；because,since,due to

16、,owing to表原因，等等。表原因，等等。261). A transistor radio is sometimes very small.It is very easy to carry_,radio broadcasts are better for blind people. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes2). At first nothing happened,_suddenly a large rat rushed out ofthe A.and B. or C. so D.then 27 eg. No man can cha

17、nge the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we 1 correctly the signs around us we can 2 what the more changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like the following day or two is called weather forecasting.A. see B. look C. read D. watch1. A. tell B. spea

18、k C. talk D. point28eg. As they walked Mark 38 the boys name was Bill, that he 39 computer games, baseball and history, that he was having a lot of 40 with his other subjects and that he had just broken 41 with his girlfriend.38. A. discovered B. realized C. said D. decided39. A. played B. loved C.

19、tried D. made40. A. questions B. ideas C. trouble D. doubt41. A. up B. out C. off D. away293). My main responsibility(職責(zé)）職責(zé)） were clearing tables and washing dishes,_sometimes I helped cook.（2003 北京北京 第第40題）題） A. or B. so C. but D. even306 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)以及相關(guān)知識(shí)確定選根據(jù)生活常識(shí)以及相關(guān)知識(shí)確定選項(xiàng)項(xiàng)1）The space is left to let the railexpand（膨脹