unit 9 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（一）含義和標(biāo)志性詞語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的意義： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。（過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去不確定的時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，這個(gè)動(dòng)作也許到現(xiàn)在結(jié)束，也許還要繼續(xù)下去。）如： Have you read that story？你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎？（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志性詞：時(shí)間狀語：before，lately，recently, till now，so far， in the past few years/mon

2、ths/weeks/days，over the past few years，during the last three months，for the last few centuries For + 時(shí)間段 、since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)（短語/從句）常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)重要副詞：already，just，yet，ever，never等。already 多用于肯定句中中或末尾， just 用在肯定句中，ever 多用于疑問句中yet 用在否定句和一般疑問句末。 Never 用在肯定句中表否定。如：I hav e already finished my homework我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。 H

3、e has just had his meal他剛吃過飯。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？ They haven't started yet他們還沒有動(dòng)身。 We have never heard of it我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。 動(dòng)詞形式：過去分詞的變化規(guī)則形式和發(fā)音規(guī)則與過去式是一樣的，除了一些不規(guī)則變化。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（二）結(jié)構(gòu)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句式是“have（has）過去分詞”。如：I have seen that film我已經(jīng)看過那部影片了。 We have just finished our homew

4、ork我們剛剛做完家庭作業(yè)。 She has gone home她回家去了。 注意：1）該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞，has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。2）該句式中have（has）和過去分詞之間可用just插入。3）把該句式譯成漢語時(shí)，往往用“已經(jīng)”、“剛剛”、“過”或“了”等。 2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句式是把助動(dòng)詞have或has提到主語之前。如： Have you read this story book yet？你讀過這本故事書嗎？ Has he eaten that apple yet？他吃那個(gè)蘋果了嗎？ 注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句往往在句末加yet。2）把

5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句譯成漢語時(shí)，往往譯成“過嗎？”、“還有嗎？”。3）其肯定回答用：Yes，have（has）否定回答用：No，haven't（hasn't）有時(shí)用：No，not yet或No，never 3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是“have（has）not + 過去分詞”。如： We haven't studied Unit 2 yet我們還沒學(xué)習(xí)第二單元。 The train hasn't stopped yet火車還沒有停下來。 注意區(qū)別：Has/have been to Has/have been in Has/have gone toHave been

6、 in 表示“去了某地并正在某地”have been(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never, several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。He has gone to Beijing .  他去北京了。He has been in Beijing for two weeks. (has been in 后接for/since時(shí)間狀語) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（三）與過去時(shí)的區(qū)別&

7、amp;短暫性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)既涉及過去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在，它可表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過去已經(jīng)開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，和由for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如： We have lived here for five years我們在這里住了五年了。 I have known him since he was a boy我從他還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。 注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時(shí)指過去發(fā)生的事實(shí)。請(qǐng)看下面對(duì)話中一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的不同。 A：Have you seen the film？ B：Yes，I have A：When

8、did you see it？ B：I saw it a year ago 2延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的使用。 （1）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：be，have，know，live， work，study，learn，teach，speak，talk，draw， wait，wear，walk，sleep等，這些動(dòng)詞可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如： Uncle Wang has worked in this factory for ten years王伯伯在這家工廠工作十年了。 （2）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：come，go，arrive， reach，see，hear，close，leave，begin

9、，start，lose， buy，fall，join，die等，這些動(dòng)詞可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，說明某個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果還存在，但不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如： 【正】The play has begun戲開演了。（戲正在演著） 【誤】The play has begun for half an hour戲開演半小時(shí)了。 【正】The play has on for half an hour. 戲上演半個(gè)小時(shí)了。3非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換常見的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換如下：(一般過去時(shí)變現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組的變化方法)comebe， come tobe in at， arrivebe here, g

10、o outbe out， leavebe away，finishbe over, begin startbe on， buyhave， borrowkeep， joinbe in /be a member of be amember， diebe dead， put onwear/be in，catch a cold have a cold， get to knowknow， become a teacherbe a teacher，fall asleep/illbe asleep/ill， go to bedsleep, openbe open等。 如：They came here five

11、 years ago他們是五年前來這里的。 They have been here for five years ago/since five years ago.注意：用“It is（has been）時(shí)間段since從句（從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過去式）”這一句型。例如： It is five years since they came here It has been five years since they came here. 自從他們來到這里已經(jīng)有五年了。They have been here for five years.They have been here since

12、 five years ago.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)習(xí)題選擇填空 1I_ a letter from him since he left（天津市） Adidn't receive Bhaven't got Cdidn't have Dhaven't heard 2Where have you _ these days？ I have_ to Dalian with my friends（重慶市） Abeen；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；gone 3How long have you _ this book？（哈爾濱市） Abought

13、 Bborrowed Chad Dlent 4Where's Peter？ He _ to Nanjing（沈陽市） Ais going Bhas been Chas gone Dwent 5You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_ ？（河北?。?Ahaven't you Bhave you Cdo you Ddon't you 6We have lived here _ five years ago（河南省） Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter 7I have watched the

14、game When_ you _ it？（長沙市） Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch8How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city（江西省） Adon't visit Bdidn't visit Chaven't visited Dhadn't visited 9The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week（廣州市） Adon't feel B

15、hasn't felt Chaven't felt Ddidn't feel 10My grandfather_ in the small town all his lifeHe always says he likes the town（四川?。?Alived Bhave lived Chas lived Dis living 11Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice（貴陽市） Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 12His brother has been to Stone Fore

16、st twice _ he came to Yunnan（昆明市） Aafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 13His grandpa _ for two years（廣西） Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died 14Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August（海南?。?Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in 15His sister _ her hometown for three

17、years She'll return next year（合肥市） Aleft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from （Key：15BBCCB 610BCCCC 1115BCBBD） C）選擇填空 (       )1.Jim's been to the Great wall before ,_he?(A)isn't           (B)wasn'

18、;t         (C)hasn't          (D)doesn't(      )2.She's never been to England,  _she?(A)has      (B)hasn't      &#

19、160;  (C)isn't        (D)is(     )2._has Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long    (B)How soon      (C)How far   (D)How often(     )3.How long _he_ the library book .

20、(A)has, borrow    (B)has ,kept   (C)has, bought     (D)did, buy(       )4.Mr Green isn't in the office , He _to the library(A)has  gone        (B)went     

21、(C)has  been       (D)will   go(      )5.Mr smith _to Tokyo and he will be back in a week(A)has   been        (B)has  visited       (C)has  sent&

22、#160;       (D)has    gone(     )6.They_China for two years  (A)have  been  to        (B)have  been  in(c)have  gone  to        (D

23、)have  come  to C）選擇填空 (    )2.Herfather _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died(     )3.I have _this nice watch for two years(A)had    

24、0; (B)bought     (C)borrowed         (D)lend(     )4.He _his home for ten years(A)has  left   (B)left  from       (C)has  been  away  from   

25、;  (D)was  away  from(    )5.He _a league member for three years (A)is    (B)has  been      (C)has  become       (D)have  become(    )6.Lihua's brother has _for two y

26、ears(A)joined the army           (B)been an  army     (C)become a soldier          (D)been in the army(     )7.He  hasn't _Quanzhou ever since he left

27、school(A)left    (B)been  away  from   (C)been      (D)away                               

28、 選擇填空(      )1. Have you finished your homeworkYes, I _it last night(A)finish     (B)finished     (C)have  finished      (D)will  finish(      )2. _you ever _to NanjingYes, I

29、_there last year.(A)Havegone, have gone          (B)Havebeen ,  went(C)Didgo,  went                  (D)Didgo, has , been(      )3.When

30、 _you _Lucy in New York?I _here for two years(A)didmeet, haven't  seen           (B)didmeet, haven't seen(C)didmeet, don't  see             (D)wouldmeet, hadn't see

31、n (       )4.He _finished his homework yet(A)doesnt      (B)havent        (C)   hasnt      (D) doesnt have(       )1.Have you _traveled on the train.&

32、#160;         Yes,  I have.(A)never  (B)ever   (C)just      (D)yet(      )2.Have you finished  your  homework    Not_         

33、;        .(A)ever     (B)already       (C)yet        (D)just(       )3. We  haven't finished our homework     &

34、#160;     .(A)already      (B)ever       (C)yet     (D)never(        )4.Have you_ learned English?Yes, I've _learned a lot.(A)never, ever       (B

35、)ever, never       (C)ever, already     (D)already. ever(      )5.Have you finished your homework  _?Yes, I've _done that            (A)yet, already    

36、; (B)already,  yet  (C)ever, never      (D)still, just(      )6.John's father _borrowed some pictures(A)have  already         (B)has  just       (C)have

37、0; ever          (D)has  yetA）用since和for填空1) _ two years        2) _ two years ago 3) _ last month 4) _ 1999                  5) _

38、 yesterday           6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours         8) _ an hour ago        9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time     11) _ she left here B）用since

39、和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city. 選擇填空(        )1.I've b

40、een like this ever since _         (A)last week    (B) for a week    (C)  a week before    (D)the last week(        )2.My mother has worked in this factory _2 years.(A)about&#

41、160;     (B)for      (C)in      (D)since(       )3. I haven't heard from him _last week.(A)since    (B) for        (C)ago   (D)before(&#

42、160;      )4.His father joined the party_(A)for three years           (B)since three years  ago(C)three years ago           (D)in two years' time1. Where is Mr. Liu?&

43、#160; -  He _the library.      A. has been to    B. has gone to    C. has been in2. The students have cleaned the classroom , _?     A. so they      B. dont they   C. have they     D. havent