現(xiàn)在完成時講解及練習(xí)（無答案）

1、.如今完成時1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對如今造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開場，持續(xù)到如今的動作或狀態(tài)。2.時間狀語：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 3.根本構(gòu)造：have/has + done 4.否認(rèn)形式：have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑問句：have或has提早對于初接觸如今完成時的人來說，往往會產(chǎn)生一種茫然，因為它似乎與一般過去時相似。那就是，這兩種時態(tài)描繪的動作都始于過去。其實不然，如今完成時主要表示，發(fā)生在過去的動作延續(xù)到如今剛剛完成、或許還要延續(xù)；側(cè)重于這個動作對如今帶來的

2、結(jié)果、產(chǎn)生的影響、積累的總和等等。而一般過去時那么只不過是表示動作發(fā)生在過去的什么時候。弄清了這一區(qū)別，就很容易理解如今完成時了。它主要適用于下面的幾種情況：1表示截止如今業(yè)已完成的動作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到如今為止，我已搜集到了我所需的全部資料。She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150頁。2表示發(fā)生在過去而對如今產(chǎn)生影響、帶來結(jié)果的動作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎？3表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到如今，并可能還要延續(xù)It has been fi

3、ve years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。1一個句子應(yīng)該用什么時態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達的意思，以及它所處的語言環(huán)境。例如：He speaks English .一般如今時，說明動作發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性。He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .一般過去時，說明動作發(fā)生的時間。He is speaking English.如今進展時，說明動作正在進展。He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.如今完成時，這里說明動作的總和。He h

4、as been speaking English since he came to the USA. 如今完成進展時，強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)性。2在含有時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，假如主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時，那么從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般如今時來表示將來時；假如主句的謂語動詞是過去將來時，那么從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般過去時來表示過去將來時。例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3 有些動詞表示無法持續(xù)的動作，它們一般不宜用于進展

5、時態(tài)中。這類動詞常見的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。Be動詞假設(shè)是用于進展時態(tài)，可表示暫時、短暫的情況或表現(xiàn)。例如：Tom is being a good boy today .湯姆今天很乖。He is bei

6、ng childish .他這樣做是耍孩子氣。You are not being modest .你這樣說不太謙虛。4關(guān)于如今完成時的時間狀語問題A. 但凡"完成時態(tài)"都表示，不知道也不管動作發(fā)生的詳細(xì)時間, 所以在使用如今完成時的句子里，不可以帶有表示詳細(xì)過去時間的狀語，如：yesterday , last week month , year , etc. , two weeks ago , in 2019等；但常和有些副詞連用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , notyet , always等等。B.

7、 在以when提問的特殊疑問中不能用如今完成時。另外，ago不能用于如今完成時的句子里，因為它表示從如今算起的以前某個時間，屬于表示詳細(xì)過去時間的狀語。但是可以用before 來表示"以前"的意義，因為它只表示"以前"，而不知什么時候的以前。C. 假如是不表示連續(xù)性的動詞用于如今完成時的句子，不可以和以for表示的"一段時間"的狀語連用。在這種情況下，應(yīng)該用"It has been ；since"的句式來表達。如：He has joined the army for five years. 錯誤It has bee

8、n five years since he joined the army.正確 能與如今完成時連用詞語很多，如副詞just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等，但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：1 since自從：不管用作介詞、連詞還是副詞, 句子主句謂語通常都用如今完成時：I havent seen her since last week. 自上周以來我一直未見過她。Where have you been since I last saw? 自我上次見到你之后你到哪里去了?【注】有時可用其他時態(tài)的情況，但須注意： 對于某些表示狀態(tài)的動詞如 seem

9、 等，或因語義等方面的原因，有時可能用一般如今時比較如今完成時更適宜：It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見面了。Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48? 從什么什候開場42元加5元的效勞費等于48元了? 假設(shè)不是指從過去持續(xù)到如今，而是指從較遠的過去持續(xù)到在一個較近的過去，那么用過去完成時：Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來他一直未吃任何東西

10、。指從星期二至昨天未吃東西 表示時間長度時，通常用一般如今時代替如今完成時：Its ten years since he left here. 他分開這兒已10年了。2 so far到目前為止： So far there has been no bad news. 到如今為止還沒有什么壞消息。We havent had any trouble so far. 到目前為止，我們還沒有遇到任何費事。 3 in for, during the past last years在過去年中：In the past two years Ive seen him little. 過去兩年我很少見到他。I ha

11、ve been here for the last past month. 最近一個月里我都在這兒?！咀ⅰ吭谝欢ǖ纳舷挛睦铮僭O(shè)是以過去時間為起點，也可用過去完成時。4 up to until now到如今為止：Up to now, the work has been easy. 到如今為止這工作還算容易。I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到如今為止我還沒有聽到他一點音信。5 Its will be the first time that第一次：Its the first time Ive come here. 這是我第一次來這兒。如今完成時練習(xí)

12、一、單項選擇1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _what's happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. i

13、s writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country_ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We

14、 _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone10、-_ you

15、 _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、-Do you know him well ?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were

16、 . have been . have become . have made13、-How long have you _ here ?-About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isn't in the off

17、ice . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they19、has Mr White been a member of Gree

18、ner China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. die 動詞填空4、This factory opened twenty years ago.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a