外研社選修六module1smalltalk

1、話題Small Talk(閑談)功能Talking about obligation or lack of obligation(談?wù)摗坝辛x務(wù)”和“無義務(wù)”)語法Didn't need to do and needn't have done(沒必要做與本沒必要做)1lack v缺乏；缺少(作不及物動詞時常接for或in)n沒有，不足，缺乏歸納拓展(1)lack (for) sth.缺少(不用于被動語態(tài)，多用于否定句中)lack common sense/courage缺乏常識/勇氣lack for nothing應(yīng)有盡有(2)be lacking in缺少(品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等)，不足

2、(3)for/through/due to/because of (a) lack of因缺少no lack of不缺少；足夠例句：She seems to be lacking in common sense.她似乎缺乏常識。Lack of heat made us cold when we were staying in that small hotel.住在那家小旅館時，沒有暖氣讓我們覺得很冷。The project was in vain for lack of money.工程因缺乏資金而作廢。同類辨析(1)lack是普通用詞，指完全沒有或部分缺少，既可指具體事物，也可指抽象概念，如

3、智力、知識、勇氣等。(2)shortage指“短缺”，是就需要量而言。例句：Our main difficulty in the quakehit area is a shortage of food and medicine.我們受災(zāi)地區(qū)的主要困難是缺乏食物和藥品?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】The explorer got a disease in blood for the _ of fresh vegetables and fruit.Asake BlackCignorance DbenefitI don't think he is the suitable person，for he_exp

4、erience，_is essential for the job.Alacks；which Blacking；asClacks of；which Dlacked；that2advance歸納拓展(1)adj.預(yù)先的；在前的an advance copy樣書advance party/team先頭部隊(duì)，先遣隊(duì)advance planning/warning/booking預(yù)先的計劃/警告/訂票(2)n.前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步in advance (ahead of time)預(yù)先；事先；提前in advance of在之前make an advance in sth.在某方面取得進(jìn)步(3)v.向前，前進(jìn)a

5、dvance towards a place向前進(jìn)advance in sth.在某方面有進(jìn)步，前進(jìn)advance sb.to a higher position使某人提升advance sb.some moneyadvance some money to sb.預(yù)付某人錢(4)advanced adj.高級的，進(jìn)步的，年老的；發(fā)達(dá)的，先進(jìn)的advanced English/maths高級英語/高等數(shù)學(xué)advancement n前進(jìn)；進(jìn)展例句：We sent out an advance party of soldiers.我們派出一支先頭部隊(duì)。Let the world know more

6、about China，let China advance towards the world.讓世界了解中國，讓中國走向世界。Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.預(yù)訂票要便宜一些。They are going to start an advanced course in English in that institute.他們要在那個學(xué)院開一個英語高級班?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】You'll have to pay one month's rent in _，plus a _ of $500.Aadvance；check Bres

7、ervation；cashCadvance；deposit Dcheck；deposit3certain adj.確鑿的；無疑的；可靠的歸納拓展(1)和of(有時和about)連用，后接名詞或動名詞(用about 時不跟動名詞)，“確信；有把握”，只能用人作主語。(2)表示“無疑；確定”時，后面接不定式，可以用人作主語，也可以用事物作主語；也可用It is certain that.句型表示“(某人做某事)肯定無疑”。(3)作定語，意思為“一定會來到、發(fā)生或生效的，有把握的”。(4)稍微的；輕微的；微小的(5)for certain/sure確鑿地；肯定地make certain/sure (

8、of)把搞清楚，弄明白例句：He is certain to agree./It is certain that he will agree.他肯定會同意。There is no certain cure for this disease.這種病沒有特效藥。I felt there was a certain coldness in her manner.我覺得她的態(tài)度有點(diǎn)冷淡。I think theres a train at 8：20，but you ought to make certain.我想8點(diǎn)20分有一班火車，不過你應(yīng)該打聽清楚?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】It's almost _ t

9、hat he will lose the next election.Acertain BsureCconfident Dright4imagine v想象；想，推測歸納拓展(1)imagine名詞/代詞/doing sth./thatclauseimagine sb./sb.'s doing sth.想象某人做某事imagine sb./sth.as把某人(物)想象成imagine what/how/why.想象You cant imagine.你想象不到(2)imagination n想象力，創(chuàng)造力imaginative adj.富有想象力的，愛想象的imaginable adj.

10、可以想象得到的(常與形容詞最高級或all，every，only等連用，可放在被修飾的名詞后)5apologize v道歉歸納拓展(1)apologize to sb.for (doing) sth.因某事/做了某事而向某人道歉(2)apology n道歉make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.因向某人道歉accept sb.s apology接受某人的道歉owe sb.an apology應(yīng)向某人道歉例句：I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.我因踩了她的腳而向她道歉。I must apologize f

11、or the delay in replying to your letter.未能及時回信，我必須向你道歉。I owe you an apology for what I said last nightIm really sorry.我該為昨晚說的話向你道歉真對不起【鏈接訓(xùn)練】One should apologize _ his taking the wrong glass at the party.AtoBonCforDofI_you an apology for what I said this morning.Anyway，I meant no offence.Aowe Bmake C

12、demand Daccept1in addition除此之外；另外歸納拓展(1)in addition該短語為副詞短語，作狀語，可置于句首、句中或句末。用于句首和句中時，一般用逗號隔開，但在句末時，則不需分開。(2)in addition to除以外，相當(dāng)于besides，后接名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)as wellbesidesin addition除此之外(用作副詞)(4)as well asbesidesapart fromin addition to除之外(用作介詞)例句：First you have the ability.In addition，you must pass the drivi

13、ng test.首先你要有能力。另外，你必須要通過駕駛考試。I have other things to do in addition.此外，我還有其他事要做。In addition to the names on the list，there are six other applicants.除了名單上的名字之外，還有6個申請人。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Why didn't you buy that dress? I disliked its pattern._，the colour didn't suit me.AIn addition BIn turnCIn return DIn

14、fact _ these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.AIn addition to BExceptCExcept for DWith the exception of2leave out省去，遺漏，不考慮歸納拓展leave for.動身去leave sb. alone不打擾某人leave sth. alone 別管某事leave over 留下，剩下；推遲leave off停止leave sth./sb.behind忘了帶某物；將某人拋在后面或落下例句：These are questions le

15、ft over by history.這是些歷史遺留問題。I left off in the middle of page 10.我讀到第10頁中間停下來了。Slow down，we're leaving Mike behind.慢點(diǎn)兒，我們把邁克落在后面了。同類辨析leave out與cross out(1)leave out遺漏，漏掉(2)cross out劃掉，除去例句：In your written work，you left out an important detail，so you couldn't score a high mark.在書面表達(dá)中，你漏掉了一個重

16、要細(xì)節(jié)，因此你不能得高分。This word in the sentence is unnecessary.Cross it out.這個單詞在句中多余，刪掉它?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】This article is too long.You should_the unimportant details to make it shorter. Afind out Bpick outCmake out Dleave out How did_feel to run 3,000 metres at the sports meet?Terrible！Especially when I saw I was left

17、 so far_by the others.Athat；alone Bit；aloneCthat；behind Dit；behind疑問詞不定式”句型結(jié)構(gòu)歸納拓展疑問詞可用who，what，which，when，where及how，后接不定式構(gòu)成帶有疑問詞的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語、賓語、表語。注意：(1)不能用why to do結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)疑問詞前有時可用介詞。(3)不定式常用主動語態(tài)形式。例句：When to go for the picnic hasnt been decided.什么時間去野炊還沒定下來。I dont know who to turn to for help.我不知道該向

18、誰求助。The difficulty for the little horse was how to cross the river.小馬的困難是怎樣過河?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】I've worked with children before，so I know what _ in my new job.Aexpected Bto expectCto be expecting Dexpectsdidnt need to do與neednt have done1need既可用作實(shí)義動詞，也可用作情態(tài)動詞。(1)need作為情態(tài)動詞，主要用于否定句、疑問句及表示疑問的從句中。例句：That'

19、s all settled.It needn't be talked about.已經(jīng)完全解決了，不必談了。Why need you go today?為什么你今天需要去？回答由need引起的問句時，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答用needn't。(2)need用作及物動詞和不定式連用，可用于各種時態(tài)。例句：You don't need to do it yourself.這件事你不必親自做。Does he need to know it?他需要知道這件事嗎？在個別情況下，need作為及物動詞和情態(tài)動詞的句子在意思上略有差別。例句：He doesnt need to

20、be told.不必告訴他了。(告訴他沒好處)He neednt be told.無需告訴他。(他已經(jīng)知道了)2當(dāng)主語為“物”的名詞時，need后的賓語用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義，need doingneed to be done，用法同want/require。例句：The garden doesnt need watering/to be watered；it rained last night.花園無需澆水，昨晚下雨了。3didn't need to do sth.表示“過去沒有必要做某事”。例句：I didn't need to clean the windows.

21、My brother did it.我沒有必要擦窗戶，我哥哥已經(jīng)擦了。needn't have done sth.表示“本沒有必要做某事而實(shí)際卻做了”。例句：You needn't have taken a taxi here，for it was very near to my house.你本沒有必要打車來，因?yàn)槟莾弘x我家很近?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Would you like me to go to the dentist with you?No, you _ with me.Aneed not to go Bdo not need goCneed not go Dneed go

22、notMy watch needs_，but I have no time to go downtown to have it_.Ato repair；repaired Bto be repaired；repairingCrepairing；repaired Dbeing repaired；repairedThose who failed to get in _ disappointed as many of the artists who should have appeared did not come.Adidnt need felt Bneednt have feltCmustnt h

23、ave felt Dcouldnt have feltIt was Sunday.I_up early, so I stayed in bed until 10 o'clock am.Adon't need to get B. didn't need to getCshouldn't have got D. needn't have got 練習(xí)：一. 單項(xiàng)填空從A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. You might have sent us a message. You here yourself.A. neednt have

24、 come B. mustnt comeC. dont have to come D. didnt need to come2. David is always late for school and doesnt work hard. I can hardly imagine him the examination.A. being passed B. to be passedC. passing D. to pass3. All the representatives were the bill, so it was passed and became a law.A. in honor

25、of B. in hopes ofC. in return for D. in favour of4. The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings. , it caused hundreds of deaths.A. In fact B. In allC. In total D. In addition5. It was because of of funds that the project had to be put off.A. failure B. lackC. absence D. drop6. Youve mad

26、e a serious mistakeyouve one letter “p” in the telegram.A. left out B. made outC. put out D. taken out7. The journalist interviewed a handful of successful businessmen, and he summed up the characteristics they have in his report.A. in nature B. in relationC. in common D. in theory8. Have they taken

27、 measures to control the spread of the disease?No, they havent. They dont seem to be of its danger.A. aware B. cautiousC. afraid D. careful9. The heavy snow has lasted for seven days. , all the roads in the city are blocked for the time being.A. As a rule B. As a consequenceC. In case D. As usual10.

28、 Well have three weeks off for the Spring Festival. Lets make a trip to Hong Kong. ! Im looking forward to that.A. Never mind B. Have a good timeC. Well done D. Sounds fine to me二. 完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。I can never forget the unexpected car accident several years ago. It

29、was very late. I was with my 1 and sister in a car on vacation at a farm close to Medellin. We 2 a car accident.It is said to be very 3 to stop and help strangers in some places in Colombia, because it can be a trick. 4 , I did hear of many cases in which people were 5 just because they stopped and

30、tried to help those who seemed to be in 6 .So, we didnt know 7 we should stop or not. But in the end, fortunately, my parents decided to. There was really an 8 some of the passengers were 9 . We took them to the hospital, and they were really 10 , and we felt very happy to help them.I can still reme

31、mber what happened the 11 day. After we told my uncles what we had done, they 12 that we shouldnt have 13 , for it was too risky. They thought we were 14 to be alive to tell the story. They 15 us to promise we would never do that again in the future.Personally, I think it was risky, but I also think

32、 it was worth taking the 16 . If we hadnt helped them this time, who knows what would happen to 17 in return one day? But I also believe that one of the reasons why we 18 to stop was the fact that we were four people together and felt 19 enough. Maybe I wouldnt have stopped if I was 20 because I wou

33、ldnt have felt safe.1. A. parents B. uncles C. children D. friends2. A. escaped from B. came across C. ended with D. heard of3. A. exciting B. worthwhile C. interesting D. dangerous4. A. Eventually B. Surprisingly C. Actually D. Fortunately5. A. robbed B. questioned C. aided D. loved6. A. darkness B

34、. failure C. matter D. trouble7. A. where B. when C. whether D. how8. A. incident B. accident C. event D. experience9. A. injured B. survived C. murdered D. treated10. A. gratefulB. embarrassed C. interested D. worried11. A. first B. earlier C. next D. last12. A. imagined B. expected C. complained D. demanded13. A. driven B. stopped C. left D. walked14. A. lucky B. hurried C. tired D. lonely15. A. cautioned B