肯尼迪登月演講《Wechoosetogotothemoon》英文原文

1、精品PresidentPitzer,Mr.VicePresident,Governor,CongressmanThomas,SenatorWiley,andCongressmanMiller,Mr.Webb,Mr.Bell,scientists,distinguishedguests,andladiesandgentlemen:Iappreciateyourpresidenthavingmademeanhonoraryvisitingprofessor,andIwillassureyouthatmyfirstlecturewillbeverybrief.Iamdelightedtobehere

2、andI'mparticularlydelightedtobehereonthisoccasion.Wemeetatacollegenotedforknowledge,inacitynotedforprogress,inastatenotedforstrength,andwestandinneedofallthree,forwemeetinanhourofchangeandchallenge,inadecadeofhopeandfear,inanageofbothknowledgeandignorance.Thegreaterourknowledgeincreases,thegreat

3、erourignoranceunfolds.Despitethestrikingfactthatmostofthescientiststhattheworldhaseverknownarealiveandworkingtoday,despitethefactthatthisNation'sownscientificmanpowerisdoublingevery12yearsinarateofgrowthmorethanthreetimesthatofourpopulationasawhole,despitethat,thevaststretchesoftheunknownandtheu

4、nansweredandtheunfinishedstillfaroutstripourcollectivecomprehension.Nomancanfullygrasphowfarandhowfastwehavecome,butcondense,ifyouwill,the50,000yearsofman'srecordedhistoryinatimespanofbutahalf-century.Statedintheseterms,weknowverylittleaboutthefirst40years,exceptattheendofthemadvancedmanhadlearn

5、edtousetheskinsofanimalstocoverthem.Thenabout10yearsago,underthisstandard,manemergedfromhiscavestoconstructotherkindsofshelter.Onlyfiveyearsagomanlearnedtowriteanduseacartwithwheels.Christianitybeganlessthantwoyearsago.Theprintingpresscamethisyear,andthenlessthantwomonthsago,duringthiswhole50-yearsp

6、anofhumanhistory,thesteamengineprovidedanewsourceofpower.Newtonexploredthemeaningofgravity.Lastmonthelectriclightsandtelephonesandautomobilesandairplanesbecameavailable.Onlylastweekdidwedeveloppenicillinandtelevisionandnuclearpower,andnowifAmerica'snewspacecraftsucceedsinreachingVenus,wewillhave

7、literallyreachedthestarsbeforemidnighttonight.Thisisabreathtakingpace,andsuchapacecannothelpbutcreatenewillsasitdispelsold,newignorance,newproblems,newdangers.Surelytheopeningvistasofspacepromisehighcostsandhardships,aswellashighreward.Soitisnotsurprisingthatsomewouldhaveusstaywherewearealittlelonge

8、rtorest,towait.ButthiscityofHouston,thisstateofTexas,thiscountryoftheUnitedStateswasnotbuiltbythosewhowaitedandrestedandwishedtolookbehindthem.Thiscountrywasconqueredbythosewhomovedforward-andsowillspace.WilliamBradford,speakingin1630ofthefoundingofthePlymouthBayColony,saidthatallgreatandhonorableac

9、tionsareaccompaniedwithgreatdifficulties,andbothmustbeenterprisedandovercomewithanswerablecourage.Ifthiscapsulehistoryofourprogressteachesusanything,itisthatman,inhisquestforknowledgeandprogress,isdeterminedandcannotbedeterred.Theexplorationofspacewillgoahead,whetherwejoininitornot,anditisoneofthegr

10、eatadventuresofalltime,andnonationwhichexpectstobetheleaderofothernationscanexpecttostaybehindinthisraceforspace.Thosewhocamebeforeusmadecertainthatthiscountryrodethefirstwavesoftheindustrialrevolution,thefirstwavesofmoderninvention,andthefirstwaveofnuclearpower,andthisgenerationdoesnotintendtofound

11、erinthebackwashofthecomingageofspace.Wemeantobeapartofit-wemeantoleadit.Fortheeyesoftheworldnowlookintospace,tothemoonandtotheplanetsbeyond,andwehavevowedthatweshallnotseeitgovernedbyahostileflagofconquest,butbyabanneroffreedomandpeace.Wehavevowedthatweshallnotseespacefilledwithweaponsofmassdestruct

12、ion,butwithinstrumentsofknowledgeandunderstanding.YetthevowsofthisNationcanonlybefulfilledifweinthisNationarefirst,and,therefore,weintendtobefirst.Inshort,ourleadershipinscienceandindustry,ourhopesforpeaceandsecurity,ourobligationstoourselvesaswellasothers,allrequireustomakethiseffort,tosolvethesemy

13、steries,tosolvethemforthegoodofallmen,andtobecometheworld'sleadingspace-faringnation.Wesetsailonthisnewseabecausethereisnewknowledgetobegained,andnewrightstobewon,andtheymustbewonandusedfortheprogressofallpeople.Forspacescience,likenuclearscienceandalltechnology,hasnoconscienceofitsown.Whetherit

14、willbecomeaforceforgoodorilldependsonman,andonlyiftheUnitedStatesoccupiesapositionofpre-eminencecanwehelpdecidewhetherthisnewoceanwillbeaseaofpeaceoranewterrifyingtheaterofwar.Idonotsaythatweshouldorwillgounprotectedagainstthehostilemisuseofspaceanymorethanwegounprotectedagainstthehostileuseoflandor

15、sea,butIdosaythatspacecanbeexploredandmasteredwithoutfeedingthefiresofwar,withoutrepeatingthemistakesthatmanhasmadeinextendinghiswritaroundthisglobeofours.Thereisnostrife,noprejudice,nonationalconflictinouterspaceasyet.Itshazardsarehostiletousall.Itsconquestdeservesthebestofallmankind,anditsopportun

16、ityforpeacefulcooperationmaynevercomeagain.Butwhy,somesay,themoon?Whychoosethisasourgoal?Andtheymaywellaskwhyclimbthehighestmountain?Why,35yearsago,flytheAtlantic?WhydoesRiceplayTexas?Wechoosetogotothemoon.Wechoosetogotothemooninthisdecadeanddotheotherthings,notbecausetheyareeasy,butbecausetheyareha

17、rd,becausethatgoalwillservetoorganizeandmeasurethebestofourenergiesandskills,becausethatchallengeisonethatwearewillingtoaccept,oneweareunwillingtopostpone,andonewhichweintendtowin,andtheothers,too.ItisforthesereasonsthatIregardthedecisionlastyeartoshiftoureffortsinspacefromlowtohighgearasamongthemos

18、timportantdecisionsthatwillbemadeduringmyincumbencyintheofficeofthePresidency.Inthelast24hourswehaveseenfacilitiesnowbeingcreatedforthegreatestandmostcomplexexplorationinman'shistory.WehavefeltthegroundshakeandtheairshatteredbythetestingofaSaturnC-1boosterrocket,manytimesaspowerfulastheAtlaswhic

19、hlaunchedJohnGlenn,generatingpowerequivalentto10,000automobileswiththeiracceleratorsonthefloor.WehaveseenthesitewherefiveF-1rocketengines,eachoneaspowerfulasalleightenginesoftheSaturncombined,willbeclusteredtogethertomaketheadvancedSaturnmissile,assembledinanewbuildingtobebuiltatCapeCanaveralastalla

20、sa48-storeystructure,aswideasacityblock,andaslongastwolengthsofthisfield.Withintheselast19monthsatleast45satelliteshavecircledtheearth.Some40ofthemweremadeintheUnitedStatesofAmericaandtheywerefarmoresophisticatedandsuppliedfarmoreknowledgetothepeopleoftheworldthanthoseoftheSovietUnion.TheMarinerspac

21、ecraftnowonitswaytoVenusisthemostintricateinstrumentinthehistoryofspacescience.TheaccuracyofthatshotiscomparabletofiringamissilefromCapeCanaveralanddroppingitinthisstadiumbetweenthe40-yardlines.Transitsatellitesarehelpingourshipsatseatosteerasafercourse.Tirossatelliteshavegivenusunprecedentedwarning

22、sofhurricanesandstorms,andwilldothesameforforestfiresandicebergs.Wehavehadourfailures,butsohaveothers,eveniftheydonotadmitthem.Andtheymaybelesspublic.Tobesure,wearebehind,andwillbebehindforsometimeinmannedflight.Butwedonotintendtostaybehind,andinthisdecade,weshallmakeupandmoveahead.Thegrowthofoursci

23、enceandeducationwillbeenrichedbynewknowledgeofouruniverseandenvironment,bynewtechniquesoflearningandmappingandobservation,bynewtoolsandcomputersforindustry,medicine,thehomeaswellastheschool.Technicalinstitutions,suchasRice,willreaptheharvestofthesegains.Andfinally,thespaceeffortitself,whilestillinit

24、sinfancy,hasalreadycreatedagreatnumberofnewcompanies,andtensofthousandsofnewjobs.Spaceandrelatedindustriesaregeneratingnewdemandsininvestmentandskilledpersonnel,andthiscityandthisstate,andthisregion,willsharegreatlyinthisgrowth.WhatwasoncethefurthestoutpostontheoldfrontieroftheWestwillbethefurthesto

25、utpostonthenewfrontierofscienceandspace.Houston,yourcityofHouston,withitsMannedSpacecraftCenter,willbecometheheartofalargescientificandengineeringcommunity.Duringthenext5yearstheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationexpectstodoublethenumberofscientistsandengineersinthisarea,toincreaseitsoutlaysfo

26、rsalariesandexpensesto$60millionayear;toinvestsome$200millioninplantandlaboratoryfacilities;andtodirectorcontractfornewspaceeffortsover$1billionfromthiscenterinthiscity.Tobesure,allthiscostsusallagooddealofmoney.Thisyear'sspacebudgetisthreetimeswhatitwasinJanuary1961,anditisgreaterthanthespacebu

27、dgetofthepreviouseightyearscombined.Thatbudgetnowstandsat$5,400millionayear-astaggeringsum,thoughsomewhatlessthanwepayforcigarettesandcigarseveryyear.Spaceexpenditureswillsoonrisesomemore,from40centsperpersonperweektomorethan50centsaweekforeveryman,womanandchildintheUnitedStates,forwehavegiventhispr

28、ogramahighnationalpriority-eventhoughIrealizethatthisisinsomemeasureanactoffaithandvision,forwedonotnowknowwhatbenefitsawaitus.ButifIweretosay,myfellowcitizens,thatweshallsendtothemoon,240,000milesawayfromthecontrolstationinHouston,agiantrocketmorethan300feettall,thelengthofthisfootballfield,madeofn

29、ewmetalalloys,someofwhichhavenotyetbeeninvented,capableofstandingheatandstressesseveraltimesmorethanhaveeverbeenexperienced,fittedtogetherwithaprecisionbetterthanthefinestwatch,carryingalltheequipmentneededforpropulsion,guidance,control,communications,foodandsurvival,onanuntriedmission,toanunknowncelestialbody,andthenreturnitsafelytoearth,re-enteringtheatmosphereatspeedsofover25,000milesperhour,causingheatabouthalfthatofthetemperatureofthesun-almostashotasitisheretoday-anddoallthis,anddoitright,anddoitfirstbeforethisdecadeisout-thenwemustbebold.I'