新概念英語第二冊Lesson86Outofcontrol

1、Lesson86Out of controlEveryday EnglishOn life s earnest battle they only prevail, who daily march onward and never say fail.生活在頑強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)斗中，只有每天不屈不撓奮勇向前的人才能取得勝利。Key Structures過去完成時一、過去完成時的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點概念： 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去（past- in-the-past ）” 。-|- |-|->那時以前那時現(xiàn)在構(gòu)成：過去完成時由“助動詞had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，

2、其中had 通用于各種人稱。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the compositionby 10 ： 00 this morning.二、過去完成時的判斷依據(jù)1. 由時間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：（ 1 ）by +過去的時間點。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（ 2 ）by the end of

3、 +過去的時間點。如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（ 3 ）before + 過去的時間點。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：（ 1 ）賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完

4、成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought 等動詞后的賓語從句。如：She said that she had seen the film before.8 / 8（ 2）狀語從句中成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如：在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意：before, after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句

5、中，由于before 和after 本身已表達(dá)了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom.（ 3）表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示" 原本，未能"We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3. 根據(jù)上

6、、下文來判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、過去完成時的主要用法1. 過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。如：When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒來時，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”）2. 過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。如：He told me tha

7、t he had written a new book. (had written發(fā)生在told之前)3. 過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與already ，yet ， still， just ，before ， never 等時間副詞及by，before ， until等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.Peter had collected more than 300

8、 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.4. 過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如：By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.（ had worked 已 有了20 年 ， 還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能）四、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為 “助動詞have (has) + 過去分詞”；過去完成時則是

9、一個相對的時態(tài)，它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。試比較：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了1000 個英語單詞。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了1000 個英語單詞。 I'm sorry to keep you waiting.對不起，讓你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等

10、”的動作從過去某一時間點持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） John returned home yesterday. 約翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been?他去哪兒了？（答語中使用過去完成時是指約翰在returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“過去的過去”）五、過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。試比較：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived a

11、t the station at ten yesterday.2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標(biāo)志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。如：She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.3. 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用and 或 but 連接時，按時間順序，只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時；另外，在before ，after ， as

12、 soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時間的先后，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。如：He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.I.新概念鏈接A 、單詞填空：根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全空缺1、 petr 1 n （）2 dr ft v （）3、 dism y n （）4 sw ng" （）5、 tr m ndous adj 巨大的6 comp n on n （）7、 d sp rate yad，

13、 v絕望地8 g ntly adv （）9、 sp dboat n快艇10 b oy n浮標(biāo)B 、詞匯：從下面四個選項中選出正確的一項【】1、 The man swung the speedboat round and waved desperately to his ， who had been water skiing for the last 15 minutes A 、petrolB、dismayC、buoyD 、companion【】2、 He had always considered her an ideal for his brother A 、rivalB、coupleC、c

14、olleagueD 、companion【】3、 Building the Golden Gate Bridge was a undertakingA 、colossalB、tremendousC、marvelousD 、exceptional【】4、 After striking a buoy at tremendous speed ， the speedboat gradually moved out of petrol and then drifted across the water A 、rapidlyB、quicklyC、tremendouslyD 、gently【】5、 I wo

15、uld have helped him solve the problem ， but l was so busy thenA 、if it's possibleB、if it has been possibleC、has it been possibleD 、had it been possibleC、單項選擇題【】1 He asked me during the summer holidays A 、where I had beenB、where I had goneC、where had I beenD 、where had I gone【】2What Jane by the t

16、ime he was sever？A 、did ， doB、has，doneC、did ， didD 、 had， done【】3I900 English words by the time I was ten A 、learnedB、was learningC、had learnedD 、learnt【】4Shelived here for years A 、had， a fewB、has，severalC、had，a lot ofD 、has，a great deal of【】5By the time my parents reached home yesterday ，I the din

17、ner already A 、had cookedB、cookedC、have cookedD 、was cooked【】6She said she the principle alreadyA 、has seenB、sawC、will seeD 、had seen【】7She said her family themselves the army during the war A 、has hidden， fromB、had hidden， fromC、has hidden，withD 、had hidden，with【】8By the time he was ten years old ，

18、he A 、has completed universityB 、has completed the universityC、had completed an universityD 、had completed university【】9She had written a number of books the end of last year A 、forB、inC、byD 、at【】10He to play before he was 11 years old A 、had learned， pianoB 、had learned， the pianoC、has learned，the

19、pianoD 、learns ， piano【】11What Annie by the time he was ten ？A 、did ， doB、did，didC、has，doneD 、had done【】 12 He in the factory for three years before he joined the ArmyA 、has workedB、worksC、had workedD 、will work【】13By the end of last week ， they the bridge A 、has completedB、CompletedC、will completeD

20、 、had completed【】14Ben hates playing violin ，but he likes playing footballA 、atheB、thetheC、/theD 、the/【】15By the time he was 4 ，he a lot of German words A 、had learnedB、has learnedC、learnedD 、learns【】16 Jim turned off the lights and then the classroom A 、was leftB、had leftC、has leftD 、left【】17 They

21、in Guangzhou since 2000 A 、livedB、had livedC、have livedD 、were living【】18The train from Beijing ten minutes ago A 、has arrivedB、was arrivingC、arrivedD 、had arrived【】19The students their classroom when the visitors arrived A 、have cleanedB、had cleanedC、was cleanedD 、have been cleaned【】20Fred the proj

22、ect in one hour A 、have finishedB、will finishC、finishesD 、has finished【】21The man his coat and went out A 、put onB、had put onC、will put onD 、was putting on一、完形填空II 綜合部分Mark lived in a village far away One day he became very ill and everyone thought hewould 1 soon They sent for a doctor Two days 2_ t

23、he doctor came and looked over the sick man 3 asked for a pen and some paper to write down the name of the medicine But there was no pen 4 paper in the village ，because no one could writeThe doctor 5 up a piece of burnt wood from the fire and wrote the name of the medicine on the 6 of thehouse “ Get

24、 this medicine for him ”he said，“ and he will soon get 7 ”Mark s family and friends did not know 8_ to do They could not read the strange words Then a young man 9 an ideaHe took off the door of the house ， put it on his carriage( 馬車) and drove to the nearest 10_ He bought the medicine there， and Mar

25、k was soon well again 【】1A 、wakeB、cryC、movedD 、die【】2A 、lateB、laterC、agoD 、before【】3A 、The sick manB 、MarkC、The doctorD 、The farmer【】4A 、andB、orC、thenD 、also【】5A 、pickedB、heldC、madeD 、looked【】6A 、wallB、windowC、groundD 、door【】7A 、wellB、worseC、badD 、good【】8A 、whenB、whatC、whereD 、which【】9A 、thoughtB、hi

26、tC、caughtD 、had【】10A 、shopB、farmC、hospitalD 、village二、閱讀理解A、Beethoven was never afraid to show his feelings( 感情 ) Once when he was playing at a rich man's house ， one of his listeners， a man of rich family ， was talking to a girl He liked girls more than music ， and he didn't stop talking wh

27、en Beethoven started to play The noise was not a quiet one， and Beethoven could hear well in those daysThe music stopped in the middle and Beethoven stood up ，“ I do not play for animals of this kind！” He cried“ No ！ Not for animals ！” Then he walked out 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案【】1 Beethoven was a A 、ScientistB

28、、doctorC、chemistD 、musician【】2 Beethoven was his feelings A 、unwilling to showB、in fear of showing C、fearless of showingD、unhappy to show【】3 One of the listeners when Beethoven started to play A 、stopped talkingB、sang slowlyC、still talked to a girlD 、smoked【】4 This listener A 、didn't like musicB

29、 、liked girls and musicC、liked music more than girlsD 、was more interested in girls than music【】5 This listener was a man A 、good B 、polite C、Rude D、niceB、Skin-diving( 潛 泳 )is a new sport today This sport takes you into a wonderful new worldIt is like a visit to the moon！ When you are under water ，i

30、t is easy for you to climb big rocks ，because you are no longer heavyHere，under water ， everything is blue and green During the day ，there is enough light When fish swim nearby(附近 )， you can catch them with your hands When you have tanks( 罐子 )of air on your back ， you can stay in deep water for a lo

31、ng time But you must be careful To catch the fish is one of the most interesting parts of this sport On the other hand， you can clean the ships without taking them out of the water You can get many things from the deep sea Now you can see that skin-diving is both useful and interesting【】1Skin-diving

32、 can take you to A 、the moonB、mountainsC、the sunD 、the deep sea【】2You can climb big rocks under water because A 、you are strongerB、the fish can help youC、you are not as heavy as on the landD 、there is a lot of light【】3A skin-diver under water in the day A 、can see everything clearlyB 、can't see

33、anything clearly C、can see nothingD、can see only fishes【】4With a tank of air on your back ， you can A 、catch fish very easilyB 、stay under water for a long timeC、be in safe placeD 、have more fun【】5Which of these sentences is NOT TRUE？A 、Skin-diving is a new sport B 、Skin-diving is like visiting the

34、moonC、The only use of skin-diving is to have more fun D 、Skin-diving is both interesting and useful三用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We (paint) the house before we (move) in.2. That rich old man (make) a will before he (die).3. They (study) the map of the country before they (leave).4. The robbers (run away ) before th

35、e policemen (arrive).5. I (turn off) all the lights before I (go) to bed.6. Paul (go) out with Jane after he (make) a phone call.7. Tom (say) he (read) the book twice.8. Our plan (fail ) because we (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman (finish) speaking, he (leave)the hall. 11.When I (arrive) at the station, he (leave).12. We (learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he (finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she already (do)15. She (not go) to Qingdao because she (