【最新精選】沉埋隧道工程對環(huán)境的影響

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。【最新精選】沉埋隧道工程對環(huán)境的影響沉埋隧道工程對環(huán)境的影響 土木工程專業(yè)英語課程考核論文系別：工程造價 班級：1118341 學(xué)號：111834110 姓名：付威 成績： Buried tunnel project on the environment Abstract: a deeply buried tunnel far-reaching impact on the environment through the waterways with the sinking pipe related. U

2、nder the tunnel on the mainland in the region and the impact of surface water in the tunnel design and construction method of choice to play the most important role. In considering the impact of the recent construction of a problem is the need to trench excavation for the tunnel may appear to be con

3、taminated soil. And transporting the excavated soil up to the specialized equipment in order to receive their storage place is a series of important new technologies and quality control measures for environmental problems. The most common is in any construction project will encounter environmental p

4、roblems, namely, noise, dust and traffic congestion. In this paper, these issues and the current technology to address these issues and measures are discussed. Key words: tunnel environment Characteristics of a Buried deeply buried tunnel tunnel has two fundamental characteristics: (1) It is part of

5、 an underground structure of the site, to ensure that heavy traffic conditions, construction, and does not mean that this area is full use of The. Therefore, the construction space is very valuable. Will eventually be installed in the location of the river or canal bottom section of tunnel is very c

6、lose in other areas to build manufacturing plants, ways, and this condition is unlikely in the field and reached the site. The advantages of planning and construction of pipe manufacture and the site will be ready to separate from the logistical advantages are obvious, there are extremely easy to im

7、plement effective quality control advantages.   Tunnel work site on the environmental impact is also considerably less than the construction of the tunnel fully all the circumstances at the scene; such as space requirements and construction of transport, these two issues is greatly easing.

8、   Of course, a prerequisite for these benefits is a ready-made for pipe suitable site. It must meet the conditions for a series of environmental impact. In the Netherlands such as densely populated countries, to find a suitable site is not easy, but it is clear that once selected an avail

9、able position, can be used repeatedly for quite a draw a crowd. Therefore, the overall plan for the tunnel construction is a common topic for discussion.   Both ends of the structure of a new underground tunnel link to the original structure to the existing underground, often in fact acros

10、s the waters to replace an existing facility, such as ferry or bridge. It can also be a complement existing facilities in tunnels or bridges. Whether the decision to build a new tunnel the reason, its location will be in large part by the constraints of existing underground structure layout, and its

11、 construction design must also meet the existing transport only by the requirements of minimal interference. This means that the location in the tunnel area designers rarely have a choice, and thus have the position according to the established conditions and requirements to modify the tunnel design

12、.   This situation mainly affects the approach roads connecting part of the tunnel itself. However, because the approach road through the water by the formation of sub-components, it may require new measures to control the approaches to the scope of the construction pit drainage impact. &#

13、160; Buried Tunnel approach roads are almost always located in the deposition zone, where the tunnel approach road down to the groundwater level below. At its completion, they are impervious structure, the surrounding water can not penetrate, there's just the nature of the environmental imp

14、act of a simple structure.   However, during construction, environmental issues will play an important role. To build from the structures, construction of foundation must be excavated until the water table following a number of meters deep, the traditional construction method requires the

15、construction period in the continuous draining of the water. Unless further measures, or drainage will definitely lower the water level in the surrounding area, and will lead to a series of undesirable consequences. Subsidence will occur, based on the surrounding buildings and structures will be aff

16、ected, and even deep pile foundation soil settlement will also be passed by the friction down to the pile on the extra load. Subsidence and elevation of the dam sinking, and agricultural drainage water will be affected.   May also result in a completely different nature of environmental pr

17、oblems: the construction area may be contaminated soil. In this case, the construction of the excavation pit special attention to requirements and, if possible, should be used, such as soil mixed with water and water transport by pipeline, special methods. There must also be able to accommodate an a

18、pproved place of contaminated soil.   Number of measures must be taken to prevent the pumping of contaminated water caused by the rapid distribution of the soil to a large area on the ground.   Technically speaking, is always possible to eliminate the impact of these kinds. However, i

19、t is extremely complex and do take a lot of money and time, therefore, tend to look at present the greatest extent possible the construction of approach roads and tunnels in the water imported methods. Ideally, the empty pit in the construction of a drainage of water should be no impact on the appro

20、ach roads and the surrounding groundwater single operation.   The obvious conclusion is that as far as possible the construction pit designed as part of the final product.   Approach a wall can be designed to image the wall of the dam impervious core in the form of a slurry wall,

21、 curtain or plastic sheet of steel sheet pile walls common. On the final form (steel sheet pile wall) (off panel through the use of heavy anchor piles and soil) to increase its retaining function, you can save valuable space and can be easily achieved in the water and impermeable floor connection. &

22、#160; Water under the concrete floor can be built. This approach has been developed to control the elevation and surface roughness, which completely drained to the approach road after finishing requires less work.   Another method is the use of impermeable plastic sheet, add water to

23、the town of emphasis placed on the bottom and cover the pit slope. In the Netherlands, this approach not only for the tunnel approaches, and the groove for the public network segment.   Use large plastic sheet, to the soil to the water for the town re-placed by a major highway intersection

24、 in the play a long-term good results, it shows that this technology has been widely used. Soon, the Netherlands, the tunnel approach roads may be to show a lush green slope, thereby replacing the gray concrete vertical wall.   Approach can also be prefabricated elsewhere and in the form o

25、f installation of floating structures. This method only with trench excavation and dredging vessels do not have to drain. But not yet able to adequately address basic problems of buoyancy and appropriate design. Buried tunnel project on the environment   Pipe manufacturing approaches to th

26、e excavation of underground water and the discussion of the relationship between the way the majority can be used to produce the same pipe excavation of the temporary venues. Expensive solution to bring an unreasonable burden to the project. Moreover, the manufacture of pipe near the site have repea

27、tedly flooded the open waters and open to the precast tunnel segments into the transportation to the dock at the other pipe section in order to make room. Rarely a large enough place for all of the pipe manufacturer.   In short, the choice of the location of manufacturing pipe dock not cho

28、sen as the location of the tunnel approach roads to be strictly determined by functional requirements, so choose the location of manufacturing pipe dock with the advantages of flexibility. Therefore, the manufacture of docks will be allowed to use the traditional water method, if the reasons listed

29、above that do not allow the use of traditional water law, and the dock had to separate from the surrounding water, this places impermeable plastic plate because of its low cost to have obvious advantages.   Another does not affect the drainage around the water table is "pumping rechar

30、ge Law" This law is the foundation of the water into the pump discharge and pump water through the filter of these tube wells to the water source recharge area. As long as the penetration rate is not too large and can be maintained roughly a constant, the row, when the closed-loop irrigation ca

31、n be maintained. The new measures, now being expanded in the Netherlands approaches to the construction of a pit, but also because the foundation of the dock as the manufacture of pipe it to be expanded.   Construction of foundation trench trough structure deeply buried tunnel excavation m

32、ethod is dredging. In this paper, we only stress the importance of dredging requirements of foundation trench excavation method can achieve high accuracy, and this requires that the work will determine the most suitable type of device. Given the strict positioning tolerances, preferably dredging boa

33、t anchor or pile in positioning the dredging equipment. However, because they can not move freely, it could become an obstacle to shipping vessels.   If there is water in the dredging area, or the wave of the impact of dredging will become the base slot to carry water along the bottom or s

34、ediment accumulation over the place. If the foundation trench excavation in place pipe for long periods, it will soon form a deposition. In these circumstances, the base section of tank excavation and tunnel installation of the interval between the two processes must be as short as possible, and thu

35、s the arrangement of the two procedure are to be particularly accurate, you can use a special device to clean the base before the installation of pipe slot. In the Netherlands, this operation has been developed to be used in the East (Eastern Scheldt) anti-dam pier storm waves reach a very high prec

36、ision installation.   Dredging stir up the river sediments, resulting in a certain time a certain area of the water turbidity. Eventually become a suspended fine particles of these substances will spread out and gradually settle down again. Although this process had limited impact on the e

37、nvironment, and harmless, but in a certain range or the increasingly strong criticism.   If you want to have dredged soil is contaminated, it is even more complicated, because in such conditions, the dredging operation will cause the spread of contamination. Dredging technology has now dev

38、eloped to the drain by using a special mud head to eliminate this effect. Under the floating boat by hanging curtains from the dredging area will be completely separated from the surrounding method may also reduce the spread of pollution.   Further development in this regard we have taken

39、note of the current, most waterways in the Netherlands contain contaminated bottom sediments have been very clear, so dredging the mud is bound to take some special environmental requirements.   Currently, these requirements have not been unified to form, but made different for each specif

40、ic project requirements. Hope that this delay in the development of key technologies of the chaos can be quickly resolved.   According to the type and extent of contamination, contaminated soil can be divided into 1 to 4 classes. For dredging mud (including dredging process water in the pr

41、ocess) and disposal are subject to strict restrictions by category; particular, 3 and 4 the soil must be isolated, and in possible to be purified.   In the Rotterdam area, has built a store of these solid waste and other hazardous substances the center of the dump site. In addition, Type 4

42、 is placed in temporary dredging spoil heap smaller point, let it be purified and then transferred to another isolated place repository. Place in the absence of such facilities to be established by dredging this dump sites. This measure is a clear need to do a lot of work.   Transportation

43、 and installation of pipe work and dredging the shipping obstacles to transport and install pipe sections are brought about environmental problems. To open the pipe system and installation of marinas and docks to deepen the shallow waters between the points need to channel dredging operations. Some

44、of the previous discussion about dredging also apply to this situation.   The installation procedures in a particular area may involve the end of the tunnel-based clean-up slot. To make clean-up and installation of the two processes reduce to a minimum interval of time, placed in the pipe

45、to its final position before the bottom of the sand filling has been successfully used to shoot clean water law section of the base tunnel. With a powerful water jet to remove the last layer of the sediment washed into the suspension, followed by water flow away.   Left in the pipe manufac

46、turing dock, anchored at the temporary terminal and leave the temporary pier, floating point and transported to the installation during installation are likely to hinder shipping. Only the last one caused by the shipping process will complete in the short term temporary interruption or partial inter

47、ruption.   In this respect, a deeply buried tunnel across a river and there are differences across a canal. In the latter case, the absence of flow effects to make the sinking and installation of pipe can be better controlled. The advantage of this control to allow the use of more deeply b

48、uried sections of the tunnel tube pipe unit, but it must be large enough to create dock.   Therefore, in the Netherlands, in the past most deeply buried pipe unit length of the tunnel are varied between 100 150m, crossing the North Sea Canal between Amsterdam and the Trondheim area tunnel

49、(Hemtunnel) project has also used the unit for up to 268m of pipe . Use a longer pipe unit reduces the number of installation, which will slow down the barriers to shipping.   Buried pipe for the tunnel project, it seems to impede the shipping for the environment as a problem, but not a ma

50、jor problem.   This process includes filling with sand filling pipe at the base, back to the filling tank, and, if necessary in the pipe at the top of the construction of a scour protection layer.   Backfill material must be uncontaminated. Ship in the tunnel construction work will in

51、terfere with the above shipping. However, by using a pipe installed in the tunnel were part of the operation of equipment, we can reduce such problems, for example, through the tunnel at the bottom of the holes by pumping sand and water mixture to backfilling. This system has been successfully appli

52、ed in the Netherlands.  Tunnel operation and maintenance operations involving major environmental issue is ventilation.   Cleaning and maintenance of the tunnel wall to obstruct the road vehicle operation, they must be in the appropriate period of time quickly. Smooth wall and good coating

53、 helps to clean the operating table, thus reducing the time limit traffic through the tunnel.   Road construction must be done to minimize future maintenance. 翻譯 沉埋隧道工程對環(huán)境的影響摘要： 一座沉埋隧道對環(huán)境的深遠 影響 都與穿過水道的沉放管段有關(guān)。隧道對這一地區(qū)內(nèi)地下和地表水的影響在隧道設(shè)計和施工 方法 的選擇中起最重要的作用。最近在考慮的一個影響施工的 問題 是必須為隧道開挖的溝槽有可能出現(xiàn)被污染的泥土。挖出與運送這

54、些泥土至專門裝備起來以便接收它們的存放地點的方法是一系列重要新技術(shù)和質(zhì)量控制措施的環(huán)境問題。最常見的是在任何建筑工程中都會遇到的環(huán)境問題，即噪音、灰塵以及 交通 阻塞。本文對這些問題以及 目前 用于解決這些問題的技術(shù)和措施作了評述。 關(guān)鍵詞： 隧道 環(huán)境沉埋隧道的特征一座沉埋隧道具有兩項基本特征：（1） 它是某一地下結(jié)構(gòu)場地的一部分，要在繁忙的交通條件下保證施工，而并不意味這個地區(qū)是被充分地利用了的。因此，施工空間是很寶貴的。 （2）它基本上是一預(yù)制結(jié)構(gòu)。最終將安裝在河流或運河底部位置的隧道管段是在其它地方以非常接近工廠條件的方式筑造的，這種條件在現(xiàn)場和工地是不大可能達到的。施工規(guī)劃上的優(yōu)點和

55、將管段制造與工地準備分開進行在后勤上的優(yōu)點是顯而易見的，還有極易于實現(xiàn)有效的質(zhì)量控制的優(yōu)點。隧道工點在環(huán)境上的影響同樣也大大少于隧道完全都在現(xiàn)場施工的情況；如像空間的需求和施工運輸，這兩個問題就大大的緩和。當然，這些優(yōu)點的先決條件是有現(xiàn)成的可用于管段制造的適宜工地。它必須滿足一系列有關(guān)環(huán)境影響的條件。在如荷蘭這類人口密集的國家里，要找到合適的工地很不容易，而且很顯然，一旦選定一可用位置，可多次使用就相當引人。因此，隧道施工的總體規(guī)劃是一個供討論的普通主題。兩端的地下結(jié)構(gòu)一座新隧道連結(jié)到原來既有的地下結(jié)構(gòu)中去，往往實際上是取代一既有的跨越水域的設(shè)施，如輪渡或橋梁。它也可為一既有隧道或橋梁的補充設(shè)

56、施。無論決定建造一新隧道的理由如何，它的位置將在很大程度上受到既有地下結(jié)構(gòu)布置的制約，而且其施工設(shè)計也要滿足現(xiàn)有交通運輸只受最小程度干擾的要求。這就意味著設(shè)計人員在隧道位置方面很少有選擇的機會，因而不得不根據(jù)這一既定位置的條件和要求來修改隧道設(shè)計。這一情形主要影響連接隧道本身的引道部分。然而，因為引道由穿過含水地層的分段組成，就有可能要求用新的措施以控制引道建造基坑排水影響的范圍。引道沉埋隧道幾乎總是位于沉積地帶，在那里，隧道引道降到地下水位以下。在其完成時，它們是不透水的結(jié)構(gòu)，周圍的地下水不能滲入，存在的僅是單純結(jié)構(gòu)性質(zhì)的環(huán)境影響。然而在施工期間，環(huán)境問題則起著重要的作用。為了建造起結(jié)構(gòu)物，

57、必須開挖一施工基坑直至地下水位以下若干米的深處，傳統(tǒng)施工方法要求在施工期中持續(xù)不斷把水排干。除非采取進一步的措施，否則排水勢必降低周圍地區(qū)的水位，而且會導(dǎo)致一系列不希望的后果。沉陷將發(fā)生，周圍樓房和建筑物的基礎(chǔ)將受到影響，而且甚至深樁基礎(chǔ)也將受到沉陷土體經(jīng)磨擦傳遞至樁上的額外向下荷載。由于沉陷而堤壩高程下沉，而且農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)的排水水位將會受到影響。還有可能造成一種性質(zhì)完全不同的環(huán)境問題：施工區(qū)域內(nèi)的泥土可能被污染。在這種情況下，施工基坑的開挖就要求格外注意，而且如有可能，就要采用諸如將泥土與水混合后經(jīng)管道水力輸送的特別方法。還必須有一個經(jīng)批準能容納被污染泥土的地方。必須采取若干措施以防止由于抽、排

58、水而造成被污染泥土迅速分布到大面積地面上。在技術(shù)上，總是可能消除這些各種各樣的影響。然而，由于做起來極為復(fù)雜而且會花費大量資金和時間，因此，目前傾向于尋找盡最大可能在水下建造引道和隧道進口的方法。最理想的是，排空施工基坑中的水應(yīng)該是一排干整個引道又完全不影響周圍地下水位的單項作業(yè)。明顯的結(jié)論就是盡可能將施工基坑設(shè)計成最終產(chǎn)品的一部分。引道邊墻可設(shè)計成像有不透水芯墻的堤壩，其形式有泥漿墻、塑料板圍幕或是常見的鋼鈑樁墻。對最后一種形式（鋼鈑樁墻）（通過使用重型斷面板樁和土錨）增加其擋土的功能，就可節(jié)省有價值的空間，而且可容易地達到在水下與不透水底板的連接。底板可以用水下混凝土建成。這種方法已 發(fā)展

59、 到能控制其高程和表面平整，以致達到在引道完全排干以后，只需要較少的修整工作。另一種方法是采用不透水的塑料板材，加鎮(zhèn)重安放于水下以蓋住基坑底部和邊坡。在荷蘭，這種方法不僅用于隧道的引道，而且用于公絡(luò)的凹槽段。使用大面積的塑料板材，以泥土作鎮(zhèn)重安放到水下，用在一主要公路交叉口起到了長期的良好效果，它表明此技術(shù)已經(jīng)推廣使用。不久，荷蘭的隧道引道可能會向人們展示有茂盛的綠色邊坡，從而取代了灰色的混凝土豎墻。引道也可在別處預(yù)制并以浮運構(gòu)件的形式安裝。此種方法只需用疏浚船開挖溝槽而完全不必排水。不過目前還沒有能充分處理浮力作用和基礎(chǔ)問題的適宜設(shè)計。管段制造上述對地下水與引道開挖之間的關(guān)系的討論大部分都可以同樣的方式 應(yīng)用 于制造管段臨時場地的開挖。昂貴的解決辦法給工程帶來不合理的負擔(dān)。而且，這個制造管段的場地必須多次被附近的開闊水域淹沒并打開以使預(yù)制成的隧道管段運至船塢處以便為另一些管段讓出地方。很少會有足夠大的地方可供一次制造所有的管段?？傊?，由于選擇制造管段船塢的位置不像選擇隧道引道的位置那樣要嚴格地用功能要求來決定，故選擇制造管段船塢的位置具有可以靈活的優(yōu)點。因此，制造船塢也就可以允許使用傳統(tǒng)的排水法，如果由于上面列出的理由認為不允許使用傳統(tǒng)的排水法時，而船塢又不得不與周圍地下水分隔開時，這種地方使用不透水塑料板法由于其費用低就具有明顯的優(yōu)點。另一種不影