ENG生物化學(xué)緒論 - 副本

1、 BIOCHEMISTRY(BIOCHEMISTRY(生物化學(xué)生物化學(xué)) ) preface Instant Notes in BiochemistryInstant Notes in Biochemistry B.D.Hames&N.M.Hooper B.D.Hames&N.M.Hooper BIOS Scientific Publishers LimitedBIOS Scientific Publishers Limited，2003.2003. teaching material A.What is Biochemistry?B.Cells and their struc

2、ture.C.The main features of the living matters.D.The development of biochemistry. Key Notes Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena.Biological structures serve functional purposes.The main features of the living matters.A.What is Biochemistry?Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena. a.

3、 a. BiochemistryBiochemistry is a science whose is a science whose boundaries now encompass all aspects boundaries now encompass all aspects of biologyof biology，from moleculs to cellsfrom moleculs to cells，to organismsto organisms，to medicine to medicine ，and to and to ecology.ecology. b.Scientist

4、use the tools of biochemistry and b.Scientist use the tools of biochemistry and molecular biology to explore all aspects of an molecular biology to explore all aspects of an organism-from organism-from Basic questionsBasic questions about its about its chemical composition,the complexities of its ch

5、emical composition,the complexities of its metabolism,its diffrentiation and metabolism,its diffrentiation and development,its evolution and behavior.development,its evolution and behavior. Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological PhenomenaB.Cells and their structure.The most obvious quality of living o

6、rganisms is that they are complicated are highly organized. Biological structures serve functional purposes. Living systems are actively engaged in energy transformations. Living systems have a remarkable capacity for self-replication. Weak forces maintain biological stucture and determine biomolecu

7、lar interactions. a.The elemental composition of livinga.The elemental composition of livingC H O N S P Cl Ca K Na MgFe Cu Co Mn ZnAl As B Br Cr F Ga I Mo Se Si VForm covalent bondsfundamental elementsoligoelementsmicroelements b.Simple molecules aminoamino acid-acid- the units for protein.the units

8、 for protein. nucleotide monophosphate-nucleotide monophosphate- the units the units for nucleic acid.for nucleic acid. glycerin and fattyglycerin and fatty acid acid - the units - the units for fat.(fatty lipids)for fat.(fatty lipids) monosaccharidemonosaccharide - the units for - the units for pol

9、ysaccharide.polysaccharide.OCH2OHHOOHOHOHc.biomacromolecule(生物大分子）生物大分子） Proteins, sugar(carbohydrate), Proteins, sugar(carbohydrate), nucleic acids,lipids.nucleic acids,lipids.A strand of DNA53A polypeptide segmentA polysaccharide chain d.structure primary structureprimary structuresecondary struct

10、uresecondary structureTertiary structureTertiary structurequariernaryquariernary structure structure Biological structures serve functional purposes. Native ribonucleaseDenative reduced ribonucleaseNative ribonuclease8 M urea and -mercapotoethanolDialysis變性變性復(fù)性復(fù)性 Hydrogen bond Electrostatic interact

11、ion Vander Waals force離域鍵間的離域鍵間的電子重疊作用力電子重疊作用力 Hydrophobic interaction e.Biomolecular Recognition Is Mediated by Weak Chemical Forces. receptor substratumsupermoleculeorganellecellcell f.thef.the unit of life is the unit of life is the cell cell element moleculeC.The main features of the living matt

12、ers.a. Many kinds of molecules sugars,lipids, proteins and naucleic acids.b .melecule system is complex and regularization (Metabolism).c.Enzymes mediate cellular reactions d.ATP and NADPH represent chemically useful forms of stored energy.e.The importance of proteins and nucleic acids.important Car

13、bohydrate metabolism,Lipid metabolism,Nitrogen metabolism,Nucleic acid metabolism. proteins are the indispensable agents of biological function. Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes. 線蟲線蟲 GFPThe fluorescence (熒熒光）光）of nema(線蟲線蟲).20082008年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎 北京時間北京時間1010月月8 8日下午日下午5 5點點4545分揭曉，分揭曉， 三位美國科

14、學(xué)家三位美國科學(xué)家美國美國Woods HoleWoods Hole海洋生物學(xué)實驗室的海洋生物學(xué)實驗室的Osamu Osamu ShimomuraShimomura（下村修）（下村修）哥倫比亞大學(xué)的哥倫比亞大學(xué)的Martin Martin ChalfieChalfie加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的 Roger Y. Roger Y. TsienTsien （錢永（錢永健，錢學(xué)森的堂侄）健，錢學(xué)森的堂侄） 因發(fā)現(xiàn)并發(fā)展了綠色熒光蛋白（因發(fā)現(xiàn)并發(fā)展了綠色熒光蛋白（GFPGFP） 而獲得該而獲得該獎項。獎項。 Medusa(水母水母)熒光兔熒光兔Fluorescent rabbitD.

15、the development of the development of biochemistry(study by oneself)biochemistry(study by oneself) a.a.生化發(fā)展生化發(fā)展(the development of biochemistry)(the development of biochemistry)b.b.生化的發(fā)展前景生化的發(fā)展前景(the front development of (the front development of biochemistry)biochemistry)homework1. Name four classe

16、s of small biomolecules. In what larger biomolecules are they found?2. What are the common types of chemical reactions found in living cells?3.Life on earth arose from nonliving molecules. Life is highly organized, and nonliving materials are disorganized. Is this seemingly spontaneous increase in organization a violation of the second law of thermodynamics? Explain.Reference book(參考書目) Bi