科研論文的構(gòu)思、撰寫和發(fā)表

1、科研論文的構(gòu)思、撰寫和發(fā)表預(yù) 告 How to publish your papers in the top scientific journals 本周三下午2點（306教室）： （談科研創(chuàng)新問題） 10月10日（星期四）下午2點（306教室） 為什么要撰寫和發(fā)表論文？ 什么是科學(xué)研究論文？ 定義 特點 結(jié)構(gòu) 如何撰寫科研論文？ Why? 為什么要撰寫和發(fā)表科研論文？ 基礎(chǔ)研究的成果以論文形式表現(xiàn) 發(fā)表論文的質(zhì)量與數(shù)量是衡量科研工作者水平和效率的客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Publish or Perish!Publish or Perish!Why? 為什么要撰寫和發(fā)表科研論文？ 研究結(jié)果只有發(fā)表了，他人才

2、能重復(fù)、驗證，結(jié)果才可能成為知識 撰寫和發(fā)表論文是科研工作的最后一道工序 科學(xué)研究的目的是發(fā)表Why? 為什么要撰寫和發(fā)表科研論文？ 科學(xué)研究的關(guān)鍵是可重復(fù)性、可被他人驗證 科研工作者必須提供書面材料讓同行知道他做了什么、為什么這樣做、怎樣做的、發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？ 科研工作者不僅要“做”研究，而且要“寫”研究Why? 為什么要開設(shè)科研論文構(gòu)思、撰寫和發(fā)表課程？ 博士應(yīng)具有構(gòu)思、撰寫和發(fā)表論文的能力 研究生院要求博士研究生發(fā)表SCI論文 研究生及部分導(dǎo)師缺乏科學(xué)交流技巧、“寫”科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練,因此增加了博士論文的工作難度、影響了研究生培養(yǎng)的質(zhì)量課程的目的 知道 What is a good paper 掌

3、握構(gòu)思要點、基本撰寫方法和技巧 提高分析和表達結(jié)果的能力 避免常見錯誤 提高論文的可讀性 了解論文的投稿、評閱和發(fā)表過程 增加論文被高影響力刊物接受的機率主要內(nèi)容 創(chuàng)新性 選題 撰寫要點 結(jié)果的表達 投稿和評閱 常見錯誤 口頭報告 實驗記錄 學(xué)位論文 綜述 基金申請 學(xué)術(shù)道德What? 什么是科學(xué)論文？公開發(fā)表的、描述新研究結(jié)果的書面報告；必須按一定的方式撰寫和發(fā)表首次出版：新研究結(jié)果的首次公布以同行能夠重復(fù)實驗、驗證結(jié)論的形式發(fā)表1. 發(fā)表在同行很容易得到的刊物上或其它媒介（同行評議雜志）上科研論文寫作的要求 條理清楚，擺事實、講道理 語言簡單、平實、明確、直接 容易被理解和接受 正確、準(zhǔn)確

4、地使用英語 vetral/ventricle; casual/causal 用最少、最短的詞科學(xué)論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (IMRAD) I: What and why? 研究什么問題？為什么研究這個問題？ M：How? 如何研究的？ R：What? 發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？ D：What? 發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著什么？標(biāo) 題 重要性 體現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新點 包含所有關(guān)鍵詞 （檢索） 吸引人 用動詞、句子采用動詞（1） Hippocampal long-term potentiation is reduced by chronic opiate t

5、reatment and can be restored by re-exposure to opiates. J. NeurosciJ. Neurosci. Heterologous activation of protein kinase C stimulates phosphorylation of d-opioid receptor at serine 344 and this results in b-arrestin- and clathrin-mediated receptor internalization. J Biol ChemJ Biol Chem Anti-HIV ag

6、ent trichosanthin enhances the capabilities of chemokines to stimulate chemotaxis and G protein activation and this is mediated through interaction of trichosanthin and chemokine receptor. J Exp MedJ Exp Med采用動詞（2） Divalent cations and ligands induce conformational changes that are highly divergent

7、among b1 integrins. J J Biol Chem Biol Chem Inhibition of CamK II in rat hippocampus attenuates morphine tolerance and dependence. Mol PharmacolMol Pharmacol.Chemokine receptor CCR5 functionally couples to inhibitory G proteins and undergoes desensitization. J J Cell BiochemCell Biochem Carboxyl ter

8、minus of delta opioid receptor is required for agonist-dependent receptor phosphorylation. Biochem Biochem Biophys Res CommunBiophys Res Commun 采用動詞（3） N-methyl-D-aspartate attenuates opioid receptor-mediated G protein activation and this process involves protein kinase C. Mol PharmacolMol Pharmacol

9、.Endogenous delta-opioid and ORL1 receptors couple to phosphorylation and activation of p38 MAPK in NG108-15 cells and this is regulated by protein kinase A and protein kinase C. J NeurochemJ Neurochem Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor attenuates acute responsiveness of delta-opioid recept

10、ors. Mol PharmacolMol Pharmacol Cholecystokinin-B receptor antagonists attenuate morphine dependence and withdrawal in rats. NeuroreportNeuroreport 采用詞組Identification of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 phosphorylation sites responsible for agonist-stimulated delta-opioid receptor phosphorylation

11、. Mol PharmacolMol PharmacolDifferential roles of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtypes 1 and 2 in opiate withdrawal and in relapse to opiate dependence. Identification of a human brain-specific isoform of mammalian STE20-like kinase 3 that is regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. J

12、 Biol Chem J Biol Chem Selective interference of b-arrestin 1 with k and d but not m opioid receptor/G protein coupling. J Biol ChemJ Biol Chem.Differential and tissue-spesific expression of mitochondrial elongation factor Tu and Ts during development. Acta BiochActa Bioch Bioph Bioph SinSinDifferen

13、tial efficacies of k agonists to induce homologous desensitization of k opioid receptor. Neurosci LettNeurosci Lett 采用詞組（冒號）Reactivation of morphine conditioned place preference by drug priming: role of environmental cues and sensitization. PsychopharmacologyPsychopharmacology Five-transmembrane dom

14、ain structure is sufficient for a G protein coupled receptor: Functional five-transmembrane domain chemokine receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USAProc Natl Acad Sci USA.Etorphine inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in SK-N-SH cells: involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. Neurosci Re

15、sNeurosci Res Retardation of pain development: a case of recovery from congenital insensitivity to pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 類似的研究（1） Differential regulation of beta-arrestin 1 and beta-arrestin 2 gene expression in rat brain by morphine. NeuroscienceNeuroscience Acute an

16、d chronic morphine treatments and morphine withdrawal differentially regulate GRK2 and GRK5 gene expression in rat brain. NeuropharmacologyNeuropharmacology類似的研究（2） Direct and differential interaction of beta-arrestins with the intracellular domains of different opioid receptors. Mol PharmacolMol Ph

17、armacol Direct binding of beta-arrestins to two distinct intracellular domains of the delta opioid receptor. J NeurochemJ Neurochem 類似的研究（3） Functional expression, activation and desensitization of opioid receptor-like receptor ORL1 in neuroblastoma x glioma NG108-15 hybrid cells. FEBS LettFEBS Lett

18、 Endogenous opioid receptor-like receptor in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells: activation of inhibitory G-protein and homologous desensitization. NeuroreportNeuroreportNot so good (1) Mechanistic studies of the translational elongation cycle in mammalian mitochondria. Biochim BiophysBiochim Biophys ActaActa Molecular characterization and functional expression of opioid receptor-like receptor. Cell Cell ResRes. Fu