外文翻譯--GSM無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化

1、GSM無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化快速增長(zhǎng)的移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量需求與有限的頻率資源之間的矛盾正嚴(yán)重困擾著移動(dòng)通信運(yùn)營商，網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃和網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化日益受到重視。網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃是移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)中的重要環(huán)節(jié)，它對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建設(shè)成本和運(yùn)行質(zhì)量都存在著很重要的影響。在國外，大多數(shù)GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)營運(yùn)商對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)都非常重視，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與優(yōu)化上投入了大量的人力、物力和財(cái)力。目前，國內(nèi)各省移動(dòng)通信公司和聯(lián)通公司在其移動(dòng)通信設(shè)備招標(biāo)過程中也把設(shè)備供應(yīng)商的網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與優(yōu)化技術(shù)作為一項(xiàng)重要的考核指標(biāo)對(duì)象，由此可看出網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與優(yōu)化在移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)中的重要意義。一、 網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容首先是對(duì)規(guī)劃區(qū)域的前期勘測(cè)包括對(duì)地形、地貌、建筑物分布、交通

2、和商業(yè)發(fā)展情況、居民的生活水平以及他們的生活習(xí)慣等各方面情況進(jìn)行綜合分析，從而預(yù)測(cè)目前及未來當(dāng)?shù)貪撛诘挠脩羧簲?shù)目。根據(jù)營運(yùn)商的服務(wù)等級(jí)，從而確定整個(gè)區(qū)域內(nèi)主要部分的話務(wù)量分布和布站策略、站型的配置、站點(diǎn)數(shù)目、投資規(guī)模等，充分考慮到當(dāng)?shù)馗邔咏ㄖ锛八姆植迹敬_定站點(diǎn)分布和數(shù)目。對(duì)于站點(diǎn)位置的選擇及覆蓋半徑，必須考慮到話務(wù)需求量、傳播環(huán)境、上下行信號(hào)平衡等對(duì)基站覆蓋半徑的限制以及建站的綜合成本等諸多因素。網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃的目的是以最低的成本建造成符合近期和遠(yuǎn)期話務(wù)需求、具有一定服務(wù)等級(jí)的移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，從而為業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展提供強(qiáng)大的支撐。網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃是個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的工程，它受到多方面因素的制約，因此，它不僅僅是簡(jiǎn)

3、單的技術(shù)問題。在這里需特別指出的是電波傳播性能的測(cè)試，它是網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃過程中一個(gè)不容忽視的重要方面。它將被用于電波傳播模型的校正，從而預(yù)測(cè)站點(diǎn)覆蓋半徑。對(duì)站點(diǎn)覆蓋半徑的預(yù)測(cè)是否準(zhǔn)確，將直接影響到網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)的質(zhì)量與成本，所以，國外的GSM營運(yùn)商對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播性能測(cè)試都很重視。二、 網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的故障分析及對(duì)策當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)一旦建成以后，由于前期規(guī)劃與實(shí)際用戶發(fā)展存在一定的偏差，造成忙區(qū)資源緊張而閑區(qū)資源過剩的情況，以及用戶在通話過程當(dāng)中所碰到的如話音斷續(xù)、擁塞、無線掉話等諸多現(xiàn)象，這些都不利于業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展。針對(duì)這些情況，GSM工程師們必須對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，在滿足廣大消費(fèi)者需求的同時(shí)，使現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲得最佳經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，它是一項(xiàng)

4、重要而且長(zhǎng)期的工作。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化比規(guī)劃更加復(fù)雜，在這一方面，我們的移動(dòng)通信營運(yùn)商們，特別是從事網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的工程師們都有深刻的體會(huì)與教訓(xùn)，而且網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化與網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃密切相關(guān)，所以許多營運(yùn)商在對(duì)已有系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)容或是新建系統(tǒng)時(shí)，都無一例外地把優(yōu)化與規(guī)劃兩部分作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)重要環(huán)節(jié)而在進(jìn)行設(shè)備招標(biāo)時(shí)把它單獨(dú)列出，由此可見網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化與網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃同樣重要。1 故障分析（1）對(duì)規(guī)劃區(qū)的覆蓋、同頻鄰頻干擾小區(qū)進(jìn)行測(cè)量與分析，從而提出對(duì)小區(qū)的天線方向、天線的俯仰角、基站系統(tǒng)的最大發(fā)射功率（MAX_TX_BTS）、最大的手機(jī)發(fā)射功率(MAX_TX_MS)以及手機(jī)允許接入系統(tǒng)時(shí)的最低接入電平(RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN)等網(wǎng)

5、絡(luò)參數(shù)的調(diào)整方案。（2）對(duì)規(guī)劃區(qū)的話音質(zhì)量、小區(qū)切換、小區(qū)選擇、小區(qū)重選、擁塞、掉話等進(jìn)行測(cè)量與分析，找出問題，提出解決方案。（3）據(jù)規(guī)劃區(qū)內(nèi)各個(gè)基站的話務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)、切換與掉話等情況進(jìn)行綜合分析，對(duì)小區(qū)的射頻參數(shù)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)進(jìn)行調(diào)整，從而適當(dāng)調(diào)整各個(gè)小區(qū)的定向重選邊界；對(duì)小區(qū)切換邊界進(jìn)行調(diào)整，使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)各小區(qū)的話務(wù)負(fù)荷盡量均衡，并且使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)的覆蓋與干擾情況得以改善。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的目的是分析系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際運(yùn)行情況，找出現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能存在的問題，確定解決方案，提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能，保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)穩(wěn)定、良好運(yùn)行。2 系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)來源（1）OMC話務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各網(wǎng)元的網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，可以通過OMC_R終端進(jìn)行采集。OMC話務(wù)

6、統(tǒng)計(jì)是了解網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能指標(biāo)的重要途徑，它具有全面的網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)，通過話務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，可以了解各個(gè)小區(qū)的話務(wù)量、信道可用率、TCH掉話率、TCH擁塞率、切換成功率、接通率等各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)，從而了解到各小區(qū)TCH、SDCCH、RACH等的信道占用和信令承載情況，掌握全網(wǎng)的話務(wù)和信令流量，對(duì)存在的問題和潛在的問題進(jìn)行分析，為網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化提供重要依據(jù)。OMC話務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果一般都具有原始數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果、圖表形式等幾種顯示方式，優(yōu)化工作一般應(yīng)根據(jù)所需檢查的指標(biāo)項(xiàng)及分析需求，選擇合適的數(shù)據(jù)顯示方式，對(duì)各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析。（2）CQT，DT測(cè)試用測(cè)試手機(jī)對(duì)各小區(qū)的覆蓋場(chǎng)強(qiáng)進(jìn)行測(cè)試，并定期地做CQT測(cè)試；而對(duì)小區(qū)的擁塞、

7、切換、掉話、話音質(zhì)量等進(jìn)行測(cè)試時(shí)，則有一部分優(yōu)秀的測(cè)試后臺(tái)分析軟件會(huì)提供對(duì)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)的顯示、標(biāo)注、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等。在MOTOROLA系統(tǒng)中主要是應(yīng)用TEMS軟件來完成這一進(jìn)程，也就是數(shù)據(jù)采集的過程。路測(cè)（DRIVE TEST）的目的在于評(píng)估網(wǎng)絡(luò)整體服務(wù)質(zhì)量，了解各小區(qū)的場(chǎng)強(qiáng)分布、通話質(zhì)量是否滿足要求。測(cè)試時(shí)，路測(cè)設(shè)備報(bào)告用戶所在位置、基站距離、接收信號(hào)強(qiáng)度、接收信號(hào)質(zhì)量、切換點(diǎn)、相鄰小區(qū)的基本狀況、整個(gè)頻段的掃描結(jié)果等，并可完整地記錄各項(xiàng)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)，便于進(jìn)行后臺(tái)分析。測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)可按地圖統(tǒng)計(jì)分布，有效地反映無線小區(qū)的覆蓋范圍、RXLEV、RXQUAL和干擾區(qū)，便于分析干擾源的位置，確定頻率配置是否合理，檢

8、查鄰區(qū)關(guān)系和觀察切換、掉話事件的發(fā)生。此外，還能檢查天饋系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際安裝和性能是否達(dá)到預(yù)期的設(shè)計(jì)要求。根據(jù)測(cè)試結(jié)果，對(duì)系統(tǒng)參數(shù)、天線狀態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，其中系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的調(diào)整主要包括：調(diào)整基站的發(fā)射功率、改變頻率的配置方案、切換電平的調(diào)整、相鄰小區(qū)參數(shù)設(shè)置調(diào)整、話務(wù)負(fù)荷調(diào)整以及SDCCH和TCH的配置數(shù)目和調(diào)整等，調(diào)整天線狀態(tài)對(duì)改善覆蓋、降低干擾具有重要作用。（3）對(duì)用戶的投訴加以仔細(xì)分析由于手機(jī)用戶分布的隨機(jī)性，可能遍及了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的每一個(gè)角落單元。手機(jī)能否正常呼入與呼出，他們往往是網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量好壞的最先感受者。諸如上行鏈路的隨機(jī)接入信道RACH數(shù)目的配置，下行鏈路的尋呼信道PCH和接入準(zhǔn)許信道AGCH數(shù)目

9、的配置，獨(dú)立專用控制信道SDCCH數(shù)目的配置，小區(qū)話務(wù)是否有擁塞，是否存在盲區(qū)，小區(qū)之間是否有越區(qū)覆蓋等等，我們都可以從用戶的投訴上獲取第一手資料。GSM network planning and network optimizationBetween the fast growth mobile communication network capacity demand and the limited frequency resources contradiction seriously is puzzling the mobile communication operation busin

10、ess, the network planning and the network optimizes receives day by day takes. The network planning is in the mobile communication network construction important link, it all has the very important influence regarding the network construction cost and the movement quality. In overseas, the majority

11、GSM network camp conveyance all extremely takes to the network constructions, invested the massive manpower, the physical resource and the financial resource in the network planning and the optimization. At present, the domestic various provinces mobile communication company and the association pass

12、 the company in its mobile communication equipment tender process also the equipment supplier's network planning and the optimized technology took an important inspection target object, from this is worthy of looking at the network planning and the optimization in the mobile communication networ

13、k construction vital significance. First, network planning key contentFirst is to plans the region earlier period survey, including to the terrain, the landform, the building distribution, the transportation and the commercial development situation, inhabitant's living standard as well as their

14、habits and customs and so on various aspects situation carries on the generalized analysis, thus forecast at present and future locality potential user group number. According to camp merchant grade of service, thus determined in entire region main part traffic load distribution and cloth station st

15、rategy, station disposition, stand number, investment scale and so on, fully considered the local high-rise building and the tower distribution, basically determines the stand distribution and the number. Regarding the stand position choice and the cover radius, must consider the telephone traffic d

16、emand quantity, the dissemination environment, about the good signal balance and so on to BTS the cover radius limit as well as the station construction comprehensive cost and so on many factors.The network planning goal will be constructs by the lowest cost conforms to the near future and the forwa

17、rd telephone traffic demand, has the certain grade of service the mobile communication network, thus will provide the formidable strut for the service development.The network planning is a more complex project, it receives the various factors the restriction, and therefore, it not merely is the simp

18、le technical question. Must especially point out in here is the radio wave propagation performance test, it is in the network planning process a not allow to neglect important aspect. It uses in the radio wave propagation model adjustment, thus forecasts the stand cover radius. To stand cover radius

19、 forecast is whether accurate, directly will affect the network construction quality and the cost, therefore, the overseas GSM operation businessman all very much will take to the network dissemination performance test.Second, the network optimizes fault analysis and countermeasure Once after when t

20、he network completes, because the earlier period plan and actual user development existence certain deviation, creates the busy area resources tense and the idle area resources surplus situation, as well as the user like the voice which bumps into in the middle of the telephone conversation process

21、off and on, the jam, wireless falls the speech and so on many phenomena, these all do not favor the service the development.In view of these situations, Engineer GSM must carry on the optimization to the network, while meets the general consumer need, causes the existing network to obtain the best e

22、conomic efficiency, it is one item important moreover the long-term work.Because the network optimizes the plan is more complex than, on the one hand in this, our motion signal battalion salt merchants, specially is engaged in engineers who the network optimizes all to have the profound experience a

23、nd the lesson, moreover network optimization and network planning close correlation, therefore many battalions of salt merchants in to had system dilatancy perhaps time the newly built system, but all without one exception optimizes and plans two parts when to carry on as the network construction im

24、portant link the equipment tenders alone lists it, thus it can be seen the network optimization and the network planning are similarly important.1. fault analyses (1) pair plans the area cover, the frequency neighbouring frequency disturbs the plot to carry on the survey and the analysis, thus propo

25、ses to the plot antenna direction, the antenna angle of pitch, base-station system biggest emissive power (MAX_TX_BTS), biggest handset emissive power (MAX_TX_MS) as well as handset permission turning on time system network parameter and so on lowest turning on level (RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN) adjustment pl

26、ans. (2) pair plans the area voice quality, the plot cut, the plot choice, the plot gravity separation, the jam, falls the speech and so on to carry on the survey and the analysis, discovers the question, proposes the solution. (3) basis plan area each base depot telephone traffic statistics, the cu

27、t and fall situations and so on speech to carry on the generalized analysis, carries on the adjustment to the plot radio frequency parameter and the network parameter, thus the appropriate readjustment each plot direction detection separates by gravity the boundary; Cuts the boundary to the plot to

28、carry on the adjustment, causes the network various plots the telephone traffic load to be as far as possible balanced, and causes the network the cover and the disturbance situation can improve. The network optimizes the goal is analyzes the system the actual movement situation, discovers question

29、which the existing network possibly exists, determined the solution, enhances the network performance stably, the guarantee network, the good movement. 2. system optimization data origin (1)OMC telephone traffic statistical analysis In the network various nets Yuan network performance statistical da

30、ta, may carry on gathering through the OMC_R terminal.The OMC telephone traffic statistics are understood the network performance index the important way, it has the comprehensive network performance data, through the telephone traffic statistics, may understand each plot the traffic load, the chann

31、el availability factor, the TCH voice dropout rate, the TCH jam rate, the cut success ratio, the call completing rate and so on each target, thus understood various plots TCH, SDCCH, RACH and so on the channel takes with the signaling load bearing situation, grasps the entire net the telephone traff

32、ic and the signaling current capacity, carries on the analysis to the existence question and the latent question, provides the important basis for the network optimization.The OMC telephone traffic statistics result all has the primary data result, the statistical analysis result, the graph form gen

33、erally and so on several display modes, the optimized work should act according to the target generally which must inspect item of and the analysis demand, chooses the appropriate data display way, carries on the statistics and the analysis to each target. (2)CQT, DT test With tests the handset to c

34、arry on the test to various plots cover field intensity, and makes the CQT test regularly; When to the plot jam, the cut, falls the speech, the voice quality and so on carries on the test, then has a part of outstanding test backstage analysis software to be able to provide to the test data demonstr

35、ation, labelling, the statistical analysis and so on.Mainly is completes this advancement in the MOTOROLA system using the TEMS software, also is the data acquisition process.Lu Ce (DRIVE TEST) the goal lies in the appraisal network whole grade of service, understood various plots field intensity di

36、stribution, connection quality whether satisfies requests.When test, the road measured the equipment report user in the position, the base depot distance, the receive signal strength, the received signal quality rxqual, the switching point, the neighboring plot basic condition, the entire frequency

37、band scan result and so on, and may record each test data completely, is advantageous for carries on the backstage analysis.The test data may according to the map statistical distribution, reflect effectively the wireless plot the cover scope, RXLEV, RXQUAL and the interference region, are advantage

38、ous for the analysis noise source position, the definite frequency allocation is whether reasonable, inspects the neighbouring area relations and the observation cut, falls the speech event the occurrence.In addition, but also whether can inspect the day to feed the system actual installment and the