人教版英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第一單元短語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)復(fù)習(xí)過程

1、Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?第 1 頁(yè) 共 6 頁(yè)復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時(shí)復(fù)合不定代詞的用法反身代詞的用法系動(dòng)詞的用法動(dòng)詞后的to do 和 doing 的區(qū)別一、詞組、短語：01、 go on vacation 去度假，02、 stay at home 呆在家，03、 go to the mountains 上山/進(jìn)山，04、 go to the beach 到海邊去，05、 visit museums 參觀博物館，06、 go to summer camp 去夏令營(yíng)，07、 quite a few 相當(dāng)多，08、study for 為學(xué)習(xí)，09、 go o

2、ut 出去，10、 most of the time 大部分時(shí)間/絕大多數(shù)時(shí)間，11、 taste good 嘗起來味道好，12、 have a good time 玩的開心，13、 of course 當(dāng)然可以，二、重要句子（語法）： ed 形容詞和ing 形容詞的區(qū)別本單元中的主謂一致現(xiàn)象動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成及不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表用同義短語轉(zhuǎn)換同義句時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞形式一致性的培養(yǎng)。感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)和連詞的選擇14、feel like感覺像 /想要，15、 go shopping 購(gòu)物，16、 in the past 在過去，17、walk around 繞走,18、 too many 太多（可數(shù)名詞前面），1

3、9、 because of 因?yàn)椋?0、one bowl of 一碗,21、 find out 查出來/發(fā)現(xiàn)，22、 go on 繼續(xù)，23、 take photos 照相，24、 something important 重要的事情，25、 up and down 上上下下，26、 come up 出來11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事12. look + adj 看起來13. dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事14. Why not do sth.為什么不做 .呢？15. so + adj + that +從句 如此以至于16. tell sb. （not）

4、to do sth. 告訴某人（不要）做某事17. keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事/forget doing sth 忘記做過某事Where did you go on vacation? 你到哪里去度假了？I went to New York City. 我去了紐約城Did you go out with anyone? 你出去帶人嗎？No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation. 不，沒有人在這兒。大家度去度假了。Did you buy anything special? 你買

5、了什么特別的東西嗎？Yes, I bought something for my father. 對(duì)，我給父親買了一些東西。How was the food? 食物怎么樣？Everything tasted really good. 每一樣?xùn)|西真的都好吃。Did everyone have a good time? 大家玩的開心嗎？Oh, yes. Everything was excellent. 對(duì)，一切都很精彩。三、習(xí)慣用法、搭配01. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 為某人買某物02. taste + adj.嘗起來03. nothing .but + V

6、.（原形）除了之外什么都沒有04. seem + （to be） + adj 看起來05. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到達(dá)某地06. decide to do sth. 決定做某事07. try doing sth. 嘗試做某事/ try to do sth. 盡力做某事08. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事09. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 開始做某事四、詞語辨析：1 .Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪里度假了？（P1）1）這是有疑問副詞where

7、 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，where 用來詢問地點(diǎn)和場(chǎng)所，放在句首。a.do you ?你從哪里來？b.does he?他住在哪里？2） go on vacation 意為“去度假”。I want in Hainan this winter. 今年冬天我想去海南度假。2 .visited my uncle 看望了我的叔叔（P1）visit 是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“拜訪；探望”,后接表示人的名詞或代詞。visit 還可以意為“參觀；游覽”，后接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。a.I visited my grandmother last week. 上周我去了我的外婆。b.Do you want to visit Shan

8、ghai? 你想 上海嗎？拓展： visitor 意為“參觀者；游客”。eg: These visitors come from America.3 .buy anything special 買特別的東西。（ P2）1） buy及物動(dòng)詞，意為“買；購(gòu)買”。其過去式為 。拓展： buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 意為“給某人買某物”。My unclea bike.= My unclefor me.2）anything 不定代詞，意為“某事；某件東西”，主要用于疑問句或否定句中。a.Do you want anything from me?b.I can t say a

9、nything about it.3） anthing special 表示“特別的東西”，形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)后置。Is therein this book? 這本書里有新的內(nèi)容嗎？4.Oh, did you go anywhere interesting? 哦，你去有趣的地方了嗎？（P2）1）本句是did 開頭的一般疑問句2） anywhere 用作副詞，意為“在任何地方”。eg： Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation ？辨析： anywhere 與 somewhereanywhere 意為“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑問句中。eg

10、:I can t find it anywhere.somewhere 意為“在某處；到某處”，常用于肯定句中。eg:I lost my key somewhere near here.5.We took quite a few photos there. 我們?cè)谀抢锱牧瞬簧僬掌＃?P2）take photos 意為“照相；拍照”。 eg:Weon the Great Wall. 我們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)城上照了相。辨析： quite a few 與 quite a littlequite a few 意為“很多 ;不少” ，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；quite a little 意為“很多;不少”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞

11、。a. He stays here for days.b.There is water in the bottle（ 瓶子）.b. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.我大部分時(shí)間只是待在家里讀書休息。（ P2）most of the time 意為“大部分時(shí)間”，其中 most 為代詞，意為“大部分；大多數(shù)”。拓展most of意為中的大多數(shù)“，它作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞取決于most of后所修飾的名詞。a. Most of us（be）going to the park. 我們大多數(shù)人要去公園。b. Most of

12、the food（go）bad. 大部分的食物都變質(zhì)了。7 .Everything tasted really good! 所有的東西嘗起來真的很好吃?。?P3）taste 在此為系動(dòng)詞，意為“嘗起來”，其后接形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。a.The food tastes really great. 食物嘗起來棒極了。8 . Did everyone have a good time? 大家都玩得很開心嗎？（P3）have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得開心（ + doing）eg: We had a good time visiting the t

13、he Great Wall.= We enjoyed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.= We had fun visiting the the Great Wall.9 .How did you like it? 你覺得它怎么樣？（P3）How do/did you like ?意為“你覺得怎么樣？“，用來詢問對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)或看法，相當(dāng)于What do you think of ?eg: How do you like your new job? = your new job?10 .Did you go shopping? 你們?nèi)ベ?gòu)物了嗎？（P3）g

14、o shopping 意為 “去購(gòu)物；去買東西”,同義短語為 do some shopping.eg: I usually go shopping on Sundays.我通常星期天去購(gòu)物。拓展：“go+doing”形式表示“去做某事”，常用于表達(dá)從事某一體育活動(dòng)或休閑活動(dòng)。go skating 去滑冰 go hiking 去go sightseeing 去觀光go fishing 去釣魚 go swimming 去游泳go boating 去戈U船11.1 went to a friend s farm in the countryside with my family.我和家人一起去了鄉(xiāng)下

15、一個(gè)朋友的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。（P3）a friend s farm是名詞所有格形式。一般情況下，表示“有生命的人或物”的名詞后面加s,表示所屬關(guān)系。eg:The red bike is Alice s.那輛紅色的自行車是愛麗斯的。拓展：名詞所有格的構(gòu)成：1）單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s ,復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加sthe girl s pen 女孩的鋼筆women s shoes 女鞋on Children s Day2）復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾的只加the students ; reading room 學(xué)生閱覽室TeachersDay 教師節(jié)3）如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有s,則表示“分別有”；只后一個(gè)名詞有一個(gè)s,則

16、表示“共有”：John s and Kate s rooms.約翰和凱特（各自）的房間。Lily and Lucy s father.莉莉和露西的爸爸（同一個(gè)爸爸）。4）表示無生命的名詞一般以.of構(gòu)成短語，表示所有關(guān)系。a map of China一幅中國(guó)地圖the name of the story那個(gè)故事的名字12. Still no one seemed to be bored.（即使這樣）仍然沒有人看起來無聊。（P3）1） seem意為好像；似乎；看來”。eg: Everything seems easy.切彳以乎彳艮容易。拓展 a. seem+adj.“看起來。You seem h

17、appy today.你今天看起來很高興。b. seem+to do sth.似乎，好像做某事。I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了。c. It seems/seemed+從句看起來好像；似乎。It seems that no one believes you.看起來好像沒有人相信你。2）辨析：bored 與 boringa. bored意為“厭煩的；感到無聊的“，一般在句中修飾人。b. boring意為“無聊的；令人厭煩的，一般在句中修飾事或物。eg： a. I m with what he said.我對(duì)他說的話厭煩極了。b. I find the story very

18、.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)故事太無聊了。 （二）Section B1. What activities do you find enjoyable? 你發(fā)現(xiàn)什么活動(dòng)讓人快樂？（ P5）1） activities是activity的復(fù)數(shù)形式，意為活動(dòng)。Students like outdoor activities. 2） enjoyable形容詞，意為“愉快的；快樂的”。I m sure we will have an enjoyable vacation.我確信我們將會(huì)有一個(gè)愉快的假期。2. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my fami

19、ly. 今天早上我和家人到達(dá)了馬來西亞的檳城。（P5arrive不及物動(dòng)詞，意為到達(dá)。arrive in表示到達(dá)較大的地方，如國(guó)家、省、市等； arrive at表示到達(dá) 較小的地方，如機(jī)場(chǎng)、商店、廣場(chǎng)、村莊等。（注：地點(diǎn)副詞 home , here, there前介詞省略）辨析： arrive in+大地點(diǎn) / arrive at+小地點(diǎn) get to +地點(diǎn)reach+地點(diǎn)eg: I 倒達(dá)）school at 8: 00 o clock yesterday.3. so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel 因此我們決定到旅館附近的海灘上去

20、。（P5）decide to do sth.意為“決定做某事。eg: They the museum.他們決定去參觀博物館。拓展：decide后常跟“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式“做賓語。He can t decide when（leave）他不能決定何時(shí)動(dòng)身。4. My sister and I tried paragliding.姐姐和我嘗試了滑翔傘運(yùn)動(dòng)。（P5）try此處用作及物動(dòng)詞，其后常接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或不定式，意為“嘗試；試圖，設(shè)法；努力”She is trying my bicycle.她正在試騎我的自行車。拓展：try也可用作名詞，意為“嘗試”，常用短語“ have a try”，意為“試

21、一試”。I want to have a try. 我想試一試。辨析： try doing sth. / try to do sth.1） try doing sth. 嘗試做某事，表示一種嘗試、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力。2） try to do sth. 盡力、設(shè)法去做某事，表示想盡一切辦法要把事情辦成，強(qiáng)調(diào)付出努力設(shè)法去完成。a. I him, but no one answered. 我試著給他打電話了，但沒有人接聽。b. I m English well. 我正盡力把英語學(xué)好。5. I felt like I was a bird. It was so exciting! 我感

22、覺自己就像一只小鳥。太刺激了?。?P5）1） feel like意為“給的感覺；感受到”。其后常接從句。eg: He feels like he is swimming. 他感覺像在游泳一樣。拓展：feel like還可意為“想要”，其后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。即：feel like sth. 想要某物feel like doing sth. 想要做某事eg： Do you feel like a cup of tea now? 你現(xiàn)在想要一杯茶嗎？Do you feel like （take） a walk in the park with me? 你想跟我在公園散步嗎？2）辨析：excit

23、ing 與 excitedexciting 意為“令人興奮的，使人激動(dòng)的”， 一般修飾某物。excited 意為“感到興奮的，激動(dòng)的”， 一般修飾某人。Eg： a.The story is（exciting, excited） .b.He told me the（exciting, excited）news.c.Sarah was（exciting, excited）to see the singer.6. There are a lot of new buildings now 現(xiàn)在有許多新的建筑物（P5）building 可數(shù)名詞,意為“建筑物；樓房”。build 動(dòng)詞， “建造，建筑”（

24、 built， built） ，The workers built many tall buildings in our school last year.7. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道在這兒過去的生活是什么樣的。（ P5）wonder 此處是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“想知道；琢磨”。其后常接who, what, why 等疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Eg： 1.I wonder . 我想知道那個(gè)男孩是誰。A. the boy is who B. who the boy is2. I wonder what they were doi

25、ng here. 我想知道他去哪里了。2.1 really enjoyed walking around the town. 我真的很喜歡在鎮(zhèn)上到處走走。（ P5）1） enjoy及物動(dòng)詞，意為“喜愛；欣賞；享受的樂趣”，其后接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。a. Do you enjoy your job? 你喜歡你的工作嗎？b. I enjoy reading books. 我喜歡讀書。（enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事）拓展： enjoy oneself =have a good time = have fun 玩得開心（ + doing sth.）2） walk around 意

26、為“四處走走”。 He s just walking around the village. 他只是在村莊里隨便走走。9. What a difference a day makes! 一天的變化有多大呀！（ P5）difference 可數(shù)名詞，意為“差別，差異”；其形容詞形式為different ，意為“不同的；有差異的”。Eg: a. What is the difference between this book and that book?b. My schoolbag is different from yours. （ be different from 意為 “與不同 ）10.

27、 We wanted to walk up to the top , but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train. （P5）1） want to do sth. 意為“想要做某事”。2） start doing sth. 意為“開始做某事”，同義短語：start to do sth.Eg: Tom started learning English last year.3） a little 意為“一點(diǎn)兒”，在句中修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Eg: a. I can draw a li

28、ttle, but only as a hobby. b. It s a little cold outside. c. He can speak a little English.4） take the train意為乘火車，take在此意為乘坐。11.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.因?yàn)槿颂? 所以我們等了一個(gè)多小時(shí)的火車。（P5）1） wait for意為等候”，其后可接人或物。Tom was waiting for a bus over there.2） over介詞，意為

29、“多于；超過“ ，相當(dāng)于 more than。Eg : My father is over 40 years old.There are over eight hundred students in our school.3） too many 意為太多”，其后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。He always has too many questions to ask me.辨析：too many +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)意為太多”too much +不可數(shù)名詞意為太多 ”much too +形容詞意為“太.”eg： I have homework to do today.12） And because of the

30、 bad weather, we couldn t see anything below.而且因?yàn)閴奶鞖猓覀円矝]能看到下面的 任何景色（P5）辨析：because of 與 becausea. because of意為“因?yàn)?，由于“，后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，不能接句子。He lost his job because of his age.b. because意為“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)狀語從句，即接句子。I didn t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.13. My father didn t bring enough money 我爸爸沒帶足夠

31、的錢（ P5）1）辨析：bring 與 takebring意為“帶來；拿來”，指從別處帶到說話者所在地。take意為“拿走；帶走”，指從說話者所在地帶到別處去。2） enough意為“足夠的，充分的“1 .用來修飾形容詞或副詞，一般置于被修飾詞之后。2 .用來修飾名詞時(shí)可放在形容詞前面或后面。Eg: a. We have enough time to do our homework.b. The box is big enough.14. because we forgot to bring an umbrella 因?yàn)槲覀兺藥в陚?。（P6）辨析:forget to do sth.與 for

32、get doing sth.forget to do sth. 意為“忘記要做某事（事情還沒做）eg: Don t forget to close the window.forget doing sth. 意為“忘記做過某事（事情已經(jīng)做過了） eg: I forget closing the window.15. About one hour later, we stopped and drank some tea. 大約一小時(shí)后，我們停下來喝了些茶。（P6）1） one hour later 小時(shí)后 ；小時(shí)前2） stop動(dòng)詞，意為“停止；中斷，過去式,現(xiàn)在分詞 ;3） drink及物動(dòng)詞，

33、意為“喝;飲”；還可以作名詞，意為“飲料”。16. Did you dislike anything?你不喜歡什么東西嗎？ （P7）dislike意為“不喜歡；厭惡”，其后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語。Eg: a. Mary the hamburgers.瑪麗不喜歡漢堡包。b. I computer 我不喜歡玩電腦游戲。17. Why not?為什么不帶呀？ （ P8）why not意為為什么不呢”，一般用在疑問句中，表示提建議；why not后面需跟動(dòng)詞原形。注Why not +動(dòng)詞原形？ 相當(dāng)于Why don t you+動(dòng)詞原形？”a. Why not go to the party

34、 with me? =Why don t you go to the party with me?為什么不和我一起去參加聚會(huì)呢?第7頁(yè)共6頁(yè)b. take a walk? = take a walk? 為什么不去散步呢？18 .Everyone in our class took a bag with some food and water.我們班上的每一個(gè)人都隨身帶了裝有食物和水的提袋。（P8）with介詞，意為“具有；帶有“。 此處介詞短語 with some food and water作bag的后置定語。拓展：with作介詞時(shí)的其他用法：a.和一起I often go to schoo

35、l my friend. 我經(jīng)常和朋友們一起去上學(xué)。b.以（手段、材料），用（工具）， Cut the apple with a knife.用刀切蘋果。19 . My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.我的雙腿太累了以至于我都想停下來。（P8）sothat/ suchthat（如此以致）引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句so+adj./adv.+that Eg: 1. He is lovely a boy we love him very much.2. The little boy is so young that he can t go to school

36、. 21. My classmates told me to keep going, so I went on.進(jìn)了( P820.常用的感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)：1)What +adj.+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 /不口數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！2)What +a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!3)How +adj. +a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!4)How+adj./adv. + 主語 + 謂語！eg:1.What an interesting book it is! = 1How interesting a book is!那本書多么有趣啊2.a clever girl she is!A.Who B.What C.How D.Where3. _clever a girl she is!A.WhoB.What C.How D.Where4._important jobs they have done!A.WhatB.Who C.How D.Where5.sweet water it is!A.WhoB.What C.Where