主語從句講解及其練習

1、精品資料主語從句一、主語從句的連詞分三類(1)從屬連詞引導的主語從句 (that whether if)that 引導的主語從句：引導詞 that 無含義/在句中不做成分/不可以省。That 引導主語從句通 常用 it 作形式主語。例如： That you will win the medal seems un likely.That she survived the accide nt is a miracle.whether 引導的主語從句：whether 有含義(是否”在句中不做成分/不可以省。注意：引導主語從句，不能用if 不能在開頭，只能用 whether。Whether we wi

2、ll hold a party in the ope n air tomorrow depe nds on the weather.Whether she is coming or not does n matter too much.(2)用連接代詞引導的主語從句在由連接代詞 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔當一定成分例如： What you need is more practice.Whatever we do is to serv

3、e the people.注: whatever / whoever 的功用whatever, whoever 在主語從句中不含疑問意義。它引導主語從句，并在從句中作主語、賓精品資料whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意禾口 whatever, whoever 弓丨導的讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別。精品資料女口： Whoever breaks the law should be punished.( =Anyone who breaks the law should be puni shed.)Whoever breaks the law,

4、he should be puni shed.（讓步狀語從句）（主語從句）( =No matter who breaks the law, he should be puni shed.)(3)用連接副詞 when, where, why, how 引導的名詞性從句(其連接副詞有含義，在句中作狀語。)例女口 :Where we should leave it is aproblem.When they will come has n bee n made pubic.三、it 作形式主語的主語從句有時為了考慮句子平衡，通常在主語從句處使用形式主語it，而將真正的主語從句移至句末。這分四種情況:

5、（1）對于以連詞 that 引導的主語從句，通常用形式主語it 替代主語從句: It is +名詞+從句It is a fact that 事實是. ； It is good news that是好消息； It is a questionthat .是個問題；It is com mon kno wledge that.是常識類似的名詞還有：a pity ; a wonder ； a good thing ；no wonder ; surprise 等。It is a mystery to me how it all happe ned.It is com mon kno wledge that

6、 the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. It is +形容詞+從句It is necessary that 有必要.； It is clear that 很清楚.；It is likely that 很可能.；It is important that 重要的是精品資料精品資料類似的形容詞還有： strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unu sual;certa in

7、; evide nt; worth-while; surpris ing; in terest ing; ast oni shi ng, etc.It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It is esse ntial that he should be here by the weeke nd.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you (should ) master the computer.需要注意的是這類主語從句中，謂語動詞很

8、多為“(should ) +動詞原形”，即要用虛擬語氣。 It is +過去分詞+從句It is said that 據說.;It is reported that 據報道. ; It has been proved that已證明.;It must be proved that 必須指出.類似的過去分詞還有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; no ted;discussed; required; decided; suggested; dema nded; made clear; found out,etc.例如：It

9、 is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collisi on betwee n two stars.It has not bee n made clear whe n the new road is to be ope ned to traffic. It seems 不及物動詞(happened / appears / doesnmatter / makes no differenee /occurred )that主語從句不可提前It makes no differe nee whether he will atte

10、nd the meet ing or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.精品資料It happe ned that I saw him yesterday.(2)對于以連接代詞(副詞)引導的主語從句，可以使用形式主語代主語從句，也可直接在句首使用主語從句：精品資料Whether they would support us was a problem.It was a problem whether they would support us.他們是否會支持我們還是一個問題。(3)對關系代詞型 what 引導的主語從句，通常直接將主語從句放在

11、句首。如：What we n eed is mo ney.我們需要的是錢。What I want to kn ow is this.我想知道的就是這一點。有時也可將助用形式主語。如：It is clear e nough what he mea nt.他是什么意思很清楚。如果句子是疑問句，則必須用帶形式主語it 的結構：Is it true that he is the girl father? 他是那女孩的父親，是真的嗎？How is it that you are late agai n?你怎么又遲到了？四、連詞 that 的省略問題引導主語從句的連詞 that 有時可省，有時不能省，其原

12、則是：若that 引導的主語從句直接位于句首，則 that 不能省略；若 that 引導的主語從句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主語it,則 that 可以省略：That you didn go to the talk was a pity.很遺憾你沒去聽報告。(that 不可省)It was a pity (that) you didn go to the talk. 很遺憾你沒去聽報告。(that 可省)1、It never occurred to me_C_you could succeed in persuadinghim to change hismind.（陜西高考）他們是否會支持我

13、們還是一個問題。A. whichB. whatC. thatD .If精品資料首先要理解句意.這句話的意思是說，我從來沒想到你能夠成功地說服他去改變，而不是我從來沒想到你能否成功地說服他改變第二,lt never occurred to me是用于對于某個已發(fā)生的事實表示驚訝、吃驚的句型，所以這里 you could succeed in persuading him to change這個事實只能用 that 來弓丨導；if 是用于引導一個不確定性(uncertainty )的，這里不可以用.2、 Its obvious to the students_B_ they should get

14、well prepared for their future.(天津卷)A. asB . thatC . whichD . Whether考查名詞性從句中的主語從句用法.此處要分析句子結構，看出 it 為形式主語，代替 that theyshould get well prepared for their future,并且本句意思完整，故選 D.3、 _ B_ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plug by manyothers.(2010 北京A. Whether B. WhatC . ThatD . How考查名詞性從句中的主語

15、從句用法.此處要分析句子結構，看出 it 為形式主語，代替 that theyshould get well prepared for their future,并且本句意思完整，故選 D.4、 It is uncertainA side effect the medicine will bring about, although about twothousa nd patie nts have taken it.(2010 浙江A. thatB . howC . whatD . Whether精品資料whether 是是否”的意思這里應該是選 B,what.精品資料因為跟后面 side e

16、ffect 連起來，what side effect, 一起表示“是什么副作用”整句話的意思是雖然有兩千多個病人服用的這個藥 還是不明確的”根據意思來選擇，只能是 Bthat,how,whether 都不能表達這個意思.主語從句練習題1. _C_ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever這句話強調的是普遍性，所以用whoever-任何人，而不是特指誰2. It worried her a bit_B_ her hair was tur ning grey.A. while B. that C.

17、 if D. for解析：句意：她的頭發(fā)漸漸變得花白，使她不安.該題常錯選 C、D.用 if 和 whether 引導該句則句意不通.主語從句較長時，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主語，此時,that 也不能省略.3. Whe n and why he came here A yet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not known因為,首先，這是現(xiàn)在完成時，yet 是現(xiàn)在完成時的提示詞，但是也可以是一般現(xiàn)在時,但是對于其帶來的具體的什么副作用精品資料第二,When and why he came here這

18、個整個句子做主語，凡是句子做主語的，都是單數(shù)，因此精品資料是 IS 第三,這是被動，他何時來為什么來，還尚未為人所知悉如果是現(xiàn)在完成時，是 has not been known4. _ C_ is no reas on for dismiss ing her.A. Because she was a few minu tes lateB. Owing to a few minu tes lateC. The fact that she was a few mi nu tes lateD. Bei ng a few mi nu tes late首先向子不完整，缺的是可以充當主語的名詞性的從句A

19、和 B 排除,都不是D 女口果真的要選的話，應該為： Being a few minutes late is no reason for her beingdismissed.這個叫主語一致吧C 由 the fact 引導的同位語名詞性從句符合要求，主干是：the fact is no reason for dismissingher.5. _ D_ Tom liked to eat was differe nt from_ .A. That that you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. That what you had expe

20、cted D. What what you had expected選 A.A.whatwhat 作 expected 的賓語that 不能做句子成分意思是“湯姆喜歡吃的東西，與他以前期盼的東西不一樣.6. _ D_ we go swim ming every day_us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does精品資料That 指后面每天去游泳的事因為是單 3 形式所用用 does其實去掉中間的 we go swimming every day（用來補充 that ）簡單來看,整句就是 That doseus a l

21、ot of good加上 we go swimming every day用來混淆視聽罷了 7t_ D_ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that這種結構都用被動 比如 its said that 最常見，只是中間換個詞8.1 ts un certa in_C_ the experime nt is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. How應該用 whether,對于不確定的事物要用whether,不用 that.肯定的

22、時候采用 that,比較：I am sure of that he will come.I am not sure whether he will come.9. _ A_the boy did nt take medic ine made his mother an gry.A. That B. What C. How D. WhichWhat 要充當成分，而它后面的句子完整了，主謂賓齊全，所以 what 改為 that相當于 what made his mother angry is that the boy did nt take medic ine10.A we cant get se

23、ems better than_we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what精品資料主要測試主語從句和表語從句。第一空測試主語從句：句子_ we can t get 中動詞 get精品資料需要賓語；第二空測試表語從句：句子 _we have 中的動詞 have 也需要賓語，結合所給答案可知均選擇 what 最佳。11._ _Cyou dont like him is none of my bus in ess.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether用 that,句意是你不喜歡他，這不關

24、我事.That you dont like him is none of my bus in ess .句中 is 是謂語，整個句子是主語從句 .從句中you dont like him表達完整，內容結構都不缺，而主語從句不可省略引導詞，于是我們用毫無意義的 that 來引導該從句.whether 在從句中，有是否”的意思此時便不合要求.要用 whether,則句子改成：Whether you like him or not is none of my bus in ess.你是否喜歡他 ,這不關我事 .12. _B_ well go camp ing tomorrow depe nds on

25、 the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. WhereB、C、 D 三項均可引導主語從句，但是本句含有疑問的意思，因此 that 排除； 根據句意，是否 camping和天氣關系更為密切，所以 where 排除；if 雖也可表示是否”,但其不能引導主語從 句,也排除.13._D_ is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who這是個主語從句.Who is going to do the job 為主語（從句），will be

26、 decided 為謂語，后面為 狀語注語從句一般不用 how 弓 I 導，經常用 what that which who why 弓 I 導 14. A well finish translating the精品資料book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That我們何時翻譯完這本書取決于時間.精品資料when 引導的主語從句，從句主語，謂語完整，選擇連系副詞，根據意思選擇15. _C_ he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This為什么他沒有來到這里我們所有人都清楚16. _B_the house will be built will be discussed at tomorro