必修三unit 4 _教案

1、必修三 unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars適用學(xué)科英語(yǔ)適用年級(jí)高一適用區(qū)域全國(guó)課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)分鐘2課時(shí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1、本單元重點(diǎn)詞匯。2、倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。3、名詞性從句中的主語(yǔ)從句。教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、掌握本單元局部單詞和短語(yǔ)的根本詞義和用法。2、通過(guò)本單元的學(xué)習(xí) ,要求學(xué)生熟練掌握主語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)用功能。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)通過(guò)上下文來(lái)教詞匯、語(yǔ)法 ,并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析長(zhǎng)句、難句和復(fù)雜句。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)總結(jié)語(yǔ)言材料中有關(guān)主語(yǔ)從句的用法和功能并加以應(yīng)用。教學(xué)過(guò)程一、 課堂導(dǎo)入Play a game to learn the names and positions of the planets:

2、Venus is next to Mercury.Earth is the third planet.Mars is between Earth and Jupiter.Neptune is the furthest planet from the sun.Saturn is between Uranus and Jupiter.Mercury is closest to the sun.二、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí) 教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課所學(xué)知識(shí)點(diǎn) , 以提問(wèn)、回憶的形式進(jìn)行 ,針對(duì)上節(jié)課的作業(yè)進(jìn)行講評(píng)、訂正、答疑 ,并通過(guò)對(duì)主語(yǔ)從句具體用法的分析和擴(kuò)展導(dǎo)入本節(jié)課所要學(xué)習(xí)的課本知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)。 三、知識(shí)講解考點(diǎn)

3、/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 重點(diǎn)單詞與短語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的(回歸課本P25) The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.歸納拓展 violent criminals: 使用暴力的罪犯 a violent attack: 猛烈的攻擊a violent protest：強(qiáng)烈的抗議 a violent struggle； 劇烈的斗爭(zhēng)violent winds and storms 狂風(fēng)暴雨 violent toothache: 劇烈的牙痛in time 及時(shí)；

4、最后 (回歸課本P25) It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 它地球巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石 ,最終產(chǎn)生了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體 ,從而形成了地球的大氣層。in time: sooner or later; eventually 遲早；最后。in time(for sth/ to do s

5、th) : not late 及時(shí)；不遲。in/out of time: in/not in the correct time 合/不合節(jié)怕。Eg: Ill see him in time. 總有一天我會(huì)遇見(jiàn)他。She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她來(lái)得及回來(lái)準(zhǔn)備晚飯。歸納拓展 The audience clapped in time to the music. 觀眾合著音樂(lè)的節(jié)拍拍手。in no time 立即；馬上 at no time 絕不at a time 一次；每次 at one time 曾經(jīng)；一度at times 有時(shí) ahea

6、d of time 提前for the time being 暫時(shí) take ones time 別著急；慢慢來(lái)Its high time that sb. did/should do sth.sthbe to (do): (something) will definitely happen, or it must happen 不可防止要發(fā)生或必須發(fā)生。Eg: They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again. 他們彼此說(shuō)了再見(jiàn) ,幾乎不知道再也不可能見(jiàn)面了。She is to be honored fo

7、r this great work. 她一定會(huì)因這部著作而獲得榮譽(yù)。歸納拓展be to do sth. 用法 1)表按方案或安排 ,如：The Queen is to visit Japan in a weeks time 2) “命運(yùn),將來(lái)必然要發(fā)生的事, 譯作“注定。 Eg:They said goodbye, little knowing they were never to meet again. 3) 表示“應(yīng)該/ “義務(wù) ,相當(dāng)于should, must, have to . 如：You are to report to the police. 4) 用于否認(rèn)句 ,表示“禁止 ,相

8、當(dāng)于mustnt。Eg: You are not to smoke in the reading-room5 )表示“想 ,打算 ,相當(dāng)于intend, want。Eg: If we are to be there soon, well have to go now. 6表示可能性,相當(dāng)于can, may如: Such books are to be found in the library.by doing 用于說(shuō)明做某事的手段 ,方式。(回歸課本P26) They produced young generally by laying eggs. 它們一般是通過(guò)孵蛋而繁衍后代的。Eg: I

9、dont think she can help him by just giving him money. 我認(rèn)為她光靠給錢是幫不了他的。He used to make his living by painting. 他以前是靠畫畫為生。prevent from doing 阻止某人做某事。(回歸課本P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他們把過(guò)多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中 ,這使得地

10、球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。Eg: His heart trouble did not prevent him (from) going to class the next day. 他的心臟病痛沒(méi)能阻止他第二天去上課。Nothing can prevent their plans (from) being carried out. 歸納拓展 同義句型stop from doing keep from doing allow 允許 (回歸課本P26) allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans an

11、d seas. 它使地球把有害氣體溶解在海洋里。allow sb to do 允許某人做某事。Eg：Her parents wont allow her to stay out later than 11:00 in the evening. Please allow me to explain that I did not have any idea about his arrangement.但要注意：“準(zhǔn)許做某事應(yīng)當(dāng)是allow doing 不是allow to do。如：Eg：They shouldnt allow parking in this street. Its too nar

12、row. Walking on the grass is not allowed. 不許踩踏草坪。 歸納拓展 let, permit, allowlet允許 ,讓 ,常用于口語(yǔ)中 ,一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。permit v. & allow v. 在許多情況下二者可以通用, 但：permit更正式、積極 ,多指上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)或長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩的準(zhǔn)許,語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)；有“主動(dòng)許可、正式批準(zhǔn)之意。詞義較強(qiáng)allow偏重聽任或默許 ,多指聽任或不管教某人做某事。有并不反對(duì)或不加阻止的含義 ,詞義較弱。常用句型allow/permit sb. to do sth. be allowed

13、/permitted to do sth. allow/permit doing sth. eg：The nurse allowed him to remain there, though it was not permitted.now that 既然(回歸課本P31)Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.Now (that)/ seeing (that)/considering (that) / in that鑒于某個(gè)事實(shí) ,原因是 ,用法與since接近not thatbut that 不是因?yàn)?

14、,而是因?yàn)? on ground(s) that 理由是歸納拓展 區(qū)分 now that, because, since, as, for1)Because 直接的原因 ,有較強(qiáng)的因果關(guān)系。(2)As 由于 ,比because 弱。(3)now that“既然；由于that可省略 ,強(qiáng)度更弱 (4)since 既然 ,表既成的事實(shí) ,可與now that互換。 (5) for 因?yàn)?并列連詞,前面用逗號(hào)與主句隔開 ,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明原因。break out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)。(回歸課本P31)We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the

15、 spaceship as the earths gravity increased.歸納拓展break up 關(guān)系的破裂 ,打碎；解散；放假 break down (機(jī)器的故障；(精神、身體)崩潰；(談判 ,方案)失敗break off 停止 ,中斷 break in 闖入；插話 break into 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入某處；突然開始(大笑、歡呼等)break through 突破；強(qiáng)行穿過(guò) break away from.脫離考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 重點(diǎn)句子分析【教材原句】What it was to become was a mystery until between 4.5 and 3.8 billio

16、n years ago when the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun. P25隨后它會(huì)變成什么沒(méi)人能知道 ,知道38-45億年前 ,這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成一個(gè)固體的球狀物?！揪浞ǚ治觥?、 此處what it was to became 是主語(yǔ)從句 , 其中what既引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句 ,又在從句中做become的賓語(yǔ)。untila solid globe 是until 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；在該時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中 , when the dust settled into a solid globes 是定語(yǔ)從句 ,修

17、飾between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago。2、 was to become 所用的結(jié)構(gòu)是： be to do , 表示將要發(fā)生的事情?！窘滩脑洹縏he earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球變得劇烈動(dòng)亂 ,不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去?！揪浞ǚ治觥?、 句中it是形式主語(yǔ) ,代替whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。2、 需要注意的是 ,表示“是否時(shí) ,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只用whether ,不可用if?？蓡斡脀hether ,也可

18、用whether or。Eg：It is not clear whether the US will withdraw its troops from Iraq next year. = Whether the US withdraw its troops from Iraq next year is not clear. It is still a question whether they will come or not. = Whether they will come or not is still a question.【教材原句】 What is even more import

19、ant is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.更為重要的是 ,地球冷卻了下來(lái) ,地球外表就開始出現(xiàn)了水。 【句法分析】1、 句中What is even more important 是主語(yǔ)從句；that as 是由 that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。2、 as the earth cooled down在表語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。3、 cool down 在此次是 “冷卻下來(lái)。Eg: The hot metal contracts as it cools down.4、 cool sb dow

20、n ,作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) ,表示“使某人冷靜、鎮(zhèn)靜或降低熱情。Eg： Mother gave the little girl some chocolate to calm her down.【教材原句】 Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. 另外一些叫兩棲動(dòng)物 ,它們既能在陸上生活 ,也能在海里生存?！揪浞ǚ治觥?、 called amphibians, 是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ) ,作后置定語(yǔ)修飾others。此處用逗號(hào)隔開 ,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)常以兩

21、種形式出現(xiàn)。1） 位于被修飾詞之后 ,前后有逗號(hào)隔開。A pop group, called S.H.E, is coming to give a concert. 2) 位于被修飾詞之后 ,無(wú)逗號(hào)隔開。 An explorer sent by China has landed on Mars.2、 as well as是一個(gè)連詞詞組 ,用于連接兩個(gè)相同的成分 ,著重點(diǎn)在前者。The robot dances as well as sings.【教材原句】 Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.它們?yōu)槭裁赐蝗粶缃^至今仍然是個(gè)

22、謎?！揪浞ǚ治觥?、 Why they suddenly disappeared 是why引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。2、 remain在此是系動(dòng)詞 ,意為“繼續(xù)存在 ,留下。此詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ,不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)?！窘滩脑洹?So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以 ,在未來(lái)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)年中 ,生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問(wèn)題能否被解決?！揪浞ǚ治觥?、 這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句 ,主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)是分別由兩個(gè)wheth

23、er引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句組成的。2、 millions of year 意為“數(shù)百萬(wàn)年。3、 years to come 意為“未來(lái)數(shù)年 , in the years to come在未來(lái)數(shù)年里“ ,當(dāng)介詞用for時(shí) ,動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ,for表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間。4、 depend on 在句中表示“取決于“ ,還可以表示依靠“。介詞on可用upon替換。考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3 語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí) 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句：在句子中做主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句用法：一、由whatwhatever ,whoever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。What they are after is money. 他們追求的是金錢。Wh

24、atever was said here must be kept secret. 這里說(shuō)的話都應(yīng)當(dāng)保密。二、由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。其中that一般不可省略 ,但假設(shè)用it作形式主語(yǔ) , that從句后置時(shí) ,那么可省略。為防止頭重腳輕 ,我們傾向用it開頭 ,后接be ,seem等。如果句子是疑問(wèn)形式 ,就只能用帶it的結(jié)構(gòu)。That money doesn't grow on trees should be obvious.金錢不能從樹上長(zhǎng)出來(lái)是顯而易見(jiàn)的。It is obviousthatmoney doesn't grow on trees .顯而易見(jiàn) ,金錢是

25、不能從樹上長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的。Has it been announced when the planes are to take off？飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛宣布了沒(méi)有？注意：1選用what還是用that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句要根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句中是否擔(dān)任成分而定。且what以及whatever ,whoever等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。What he said is true.他說(shuō)的是真的。what在其引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。That China is a great socialist country is well known.=Its well known that眾所周知 ,中國(guó)是一個(gè)偉大的社會(huì)

26、主義國(guó)家。that在其引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中不作任何成分 ,也無(wú)詞義 ,只起連接作用。2it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句與it作形式主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句不可混淆。it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句是用來(lái)對(duì)句中某一成分加以強(qiáng)調(diào) ,其結(jié)構(gòu)為：“It is或was+強(qiáng)調(diào)局部+that或who強(qiáng)調(diào)句去掉It is或wasthat或who框架后 ,剩余局部為一個(gè)完整的句子。It was I that(who) met Mary in the street yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))3常見(jiàn)的用it作形式主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)：*It is+形容詞necessary ,strange ,important ,wonderful ,possible ,l

27、ikely ,等+that從句 ,從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Its necessary that he write something in English.他用英語(yǔ)寫點(diǎn)東西是必要的。Its strange that she did not go to school yesterday.奇怪的是她昨天沒(méi)去上學(xué)。*It is+名詞a fact ,a pity ,no wonder ,good news ,等+that從句It's a pity that she should have said so.真遺憾她竟然會(huì)這么說(shuō)。*It is+過(guò)去分詞said ,reported ,decided ,

28、unknown等+that從句Its said that our English teacher will go abroad next week.據(jù)說(shuō)我們英語(yǔ)老師下周要去出國(guó)。*It +不及物動(dòng)詞seems ,appears ,happens , matters等+that從句It seems that she is in great need of help.看來(lái)她急幫助。4主語(yǔ)為從句時(shí) ,一般要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；但如果引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)、代表復(fù)數(shù)概念?？蓮谋碚Z(yǔ)上看出時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞那么常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：What we need is water. 我們需要的是水。What we need ar

29、e useful books. 我們需要的是有用的書。三、由連接代詞或連接副詞或if, whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。When they will come hasn't been made public.他們什么時(shí)候回來(lái)還沒(méi)有宣布。Whether Ill attend the meeting hasnt been decided.=It hasnt been decided whether(if) Ill attend the meeting.我是否參加會(huì)議還未決定。四、例題精析【例題1】 【題干】_surprised me most was the sudden change of

30、 his attitude.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhichD. It【答案】B【解析】此題考查主語(yǔ)從句。從句意上分析,本句應(yīng)是“最讓我吃驚的事情,而what一詞可表示the thing that (surprised me most),其他選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法不通?！纠}2】 【題干】What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has _? A. given outB. put onC. hold upD. used up 【答案】A 【解析】given out意為“耗盡,用盡,無(wú)被動(dòng)式；put on意為“穿上；hold

31、 up意為“堵塞；used up意為“用盡,主語(yǔ)為物時(shí),需用被動(dòng)式。【例題3】 【題干】The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _ all over the country.A. companiesB. branchesC. organizationsD. businesses 【答案】B 【解析】branches意為“分支,分公司,正合題意。 五、課堂運(yùn)用【根底】1、It worried Mary a bit _ she would pass the college entrance examination.A. wheth

32、erB. ifC. thatD. how 【答案】A【解析】此題中,it是形式主語(yǔ),要求選出引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連詞。如果選擇that, Mary就不必著急了；句意為“使她感到憂慮的是,她是否能夠通過(guò)考試,所以,D項(xiàng)排除。if不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,也排除。 2、I was still sleeping when the fire _,and then it spread quickly.A. broke outB. put outC. came outD. got out【答案】A 【解析】題意為“火災(zāi)發(fā)生的時(shí)候,我正在睡覺(jué)。A項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)生；B項(xiàng)意為“撲滅；C項(xiàng)意為“開花、出版；D項(xiàng)意為“出來(lái)

33、。3、The meeting was held in a lively _ and everybody felt free to share his ideas.Aatmosphere BweatherCsituation Dphenomenon【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。atmosphere氣氛 ,氣氛；weather 天氣；situation情形 ,狀況；phenomenon現(xiàn)象?！痉€(wěn)固】1、_well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where【答案】B 【解析】B、C、D三項(xiàng)

34、均可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,但是本句含有疑問(wèn)的意思,因此that排除；根據(jù)句意,是否camping和天氣關(guān)系更為密切,所以where排除；if雖也可表示“是否,但其不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,也排除。2、Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests. A. anyoneB. whoeverC. whomeverD. no matter who 【答案】B 【解析】whoever在句中起雙重作用,既作介詞of的賓語(yǔ),也作從句的主語(yǔ)；whomever不能在從句中作主語(yǔ)；no matter who只能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。3、Newly­born babies are good sleepers. The amount of their sleep is _ that of adults.Aseveral times larger than Ba few times the size ofCa