職稱英語理綜類閱讀判斷答案附后

1、【經(jīng)典資料，文檔，可編輯修改】【經(jīng)典考試資料，答案附后，看后必過，文檔，可修改】2015 職稱英語理綜類閱讀判斷試題【天宇考王】為廣大考生歸納總結(jié)職稱外語最新考試資訊，讓考生最先了解職稱外語考試報名等有關(guān)事項的通知，天宇考王是一款上機練習(xí)題庫軟件，有單機版、網(wǎng)頁版、手機版、三位一體多平臺學(xué)習(xí)模式。第六篇Privacy Worry May Keep HIV21 Patients from TherapyPatients infected with HIV are often concerned about 2 the confidentiality of their HIV-positive s

2、tatus. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care.Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University, Durham, North Carolina3, studied the

3、confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from rural North Carolina locations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality.“The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infec

4、ted patients receive,” Whetten- Goldstein said.“ Most studied pataiednetsxpherienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.”“Two types of breaches occurred,”W-Gheotltdesntein noted.“The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that

5、 her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would playwith the patient s”“The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches, 5” Whette-nGoldsteinexplained.“ This type of breach involves providers talking about a patient s HIV status without the

6、p knowledge of the interaction.”“The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patients must be obtained before providers at different institutions can shareinformation,” she pointed out.“Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are

7、 going to share information with otherproviders and why it is being done, a breach occurs.”-G”oldWstheeinttseanid.“ They also felt that providers should be punished when“However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the syste

8、m should regulate itself,” she added.詞匯：privacy /pravsi,prvsi/ n. 隱私 ,秘密breach /bri:t/n. 破壞 ,違反therapy /' erpn/.療法 ,治療 consent /kn'sent/ n.答應(yīng) ,允許confidentiality /knfdenilti/ n.保密性regulate /'rejlet/vt. 調(diào)整注釋：(human immunodeficiency virus):人類免疫缺陷病毒concerned about:為 而擔(dān)心（憂慮、煩惱）3. North Caroli

9、na ： (美國）北卡羅來納州example was. with the patients ch例ild子. 之一就是某個護士由于擔(dān)心自己的孩子會與病人的孩子一起玩,所以就告訴自己的孩子,這個病人是 HIV 陽性的病人。本句中who 至 the patients ch是ild nurse 的定語從句 , 其中 that her patient was HIV-positive又是 told 的賓語從句； out of concern ( 出于擔(dān)心）是介詞短語 ,作 told 的狀語；而 that her child would play with the patient則是s chcioldn

10、cern 的同位語從句。that providers might not consider breaches ：即醫(yī)生可能不認(rèn)為是泄露個人機密的一類。 one 是代詞 ,代替 type, 作 the other type 的同位語， that 至 breaches是 one 的定語從句， that 在定語從句中作 consider 的賓語， breaches 是賓語補足語。而 provider 則是指美國經(jīng)保險公司認(rèn)可為投保人看病的醫(yī)生。練習(xí)：patients in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the possibi

11、lity to expose their HIV status.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedabout breaches in confidentiality of the HIV status has nothing to do with the curative effects on patients.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedworkers of an institution cannot freely provide their HTV-patients information to those of other

12、 institutions.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedan HIV-infected patient agrees to other (n ot his)medical workers sharing the information about his HIV status is one of the rights given by the constitution.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedpatients in the study strongly object to the breaches in the con

13、fidentiality of their HIV status.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioneda few patients will firmly defend their own right if such a breach occurs.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedin confidentiality are common in medical circles all over the world.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案與題解：第一段第二句說 , “實際上 ,有些病人如此擔(dān)

14、心以至于真的要放棄治療以防止個人隱私被泄露”，這里指的只是 some,而不是 all, 故本題是錯誤的。第三段第一句說 , “擔(dān)心泄密必定影響HIV 感染者所接受的治療 ”，而本題卻說它 “與療效無關(guān)to do with) ，顯然是錯誤的。（” have nothing第六段說 , “法律允許同一單位的醫(yī)生共同使用病人資料,其他單位的醫(yī)生必須征得病人同意才能使用這些資料 ”，故本題是正確的。本題說 “病人是否同意其他醫(yī)生使用他們的HIV 病情資料是憲法賦予的權(quán)利之一”，通篇文章只在第六段說必須征得病人同意 ,而根本沒有提到憲法 ,應(yīng)屬于沒有提到的。本題說“大多數(shù)病人強烈反對泄露他們的HIV 病

15、情 ”，這與第七段第二句所說的“他們還認(rèn)為泄密的醫(yī)生應(yīng)該受到懲罰”是相一致的 ,故應(yīng)是正確的。本題說 “如果發(fā)生泄密 ,許多病人（注意:quite a few 是“相當(dāng)多 ”的意思 ,不是 a few: 幾個）會堅決捍衛(wèi)自己的權(quán)利 ”，這與第八段所說的“病人常常不愿意采取法律行動,因為這樣會進一步暴露其病情”是不一致的 ,故應(yīng)是錯誤的。本題說 “泄密在世界各國的醫(yī)務(wù)界都是常事”。文章第三段雖然指出大部分調(diào)查對象都有類似經(jīng)歷或者認(rèn)識有過類似經(jīng)歷的人,但并沒有提及這種事是否在世界范圍內(nèi)常常發(fā)生。譯文：對泄漏隱私的擔(dān)憂影響HIV 患者接受治療HIV 患者經(jīng)常擔(dān)心自己的HIV 陽性特征的保密性。 8

16、月份艾滋護理中的一篇報道說，實際上，一些患者如此擔(dān)憂以至于真的要放棄治療以防止個人隱私被泄漏。北卡羅來納州達勒姆的杜克大學(xué)的Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein博士及其同事們把本州鄉(xiāng)下的15 名 HIV 患者作為研究對象，研究他們的保密性問題。研究對象被分成若干組，分別用于研究其在保密性這方面的態(tài)度、經(jīng)歷及違反情況?！昂ε滦孤╇[私勢必影響HIV 患者接受治療， ”Whetten-Goldstein 說道， “大多數(shù)病人經(jīng)歷過泄密，或知道有人被泄密過。 ”“泄密者有兩個類型， ”Whetten-Goldstein 提到， “第一種泄密更為明顯。例子之一就是某人護士由于擔(dān)心自己的孩子

17、會與病人的孩子一起玩，所以就告訴自己的孩子，這個病人是HIV 陽性的病人。 ”“第二種泄密更為隱秘，醫(yī)生可能不認(rèn)為是泄漏個人機密，”維頓高德斯坦解釋說，“這種泄密涉及那些未經(jīng)患者知曉便討論其HIV 情況的醫(yī)生們。 ”“法律允許同一單位的醫(yī)生可以共同使用病人資料，其他單位的醫(yī)生必須征得病人同一才能使用這些材料。 ”她指出。“研究表明，當(dāng)醫(yī)生與其他醫(yī)生交流信息時，許多病人想讓醫(yī)生告訴他們且給出原因，”Whetten-Goldstein說道： “他們還認(rèn)為泄密的醫(yī)生應(yīng)受到懲罰?！薄暗怯捎诓∪顺３２辉敢獠扇》尚袆樱驗檫@樣會進一步暴露其病情，他們感到這一系統(tǒng)本身需要做出調(diào)整。 ”她補充說。第七篇F

18、ood and CancerMedical expels have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer.They say a new study provides the first evidence 1 that vitamins could reduce a person s chance of developing canceA team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. The

19、y are from American National Cancer Institute 2 and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 3 in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study.They wer

20、e from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian. Most of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five years.Linxian was chosen because the people there have all extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus.Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly res

21、ponsible for the high cancer rate. Researchers divided those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed. The eighth group recei

22、ved sugar pills 4 that had no effect. Those who seemed to gain the most received amixture of a form of vitamin A calledcarotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral arebelieved to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances. Researchers reported a 13 percent d

23、rop incancer rates in those who tookcarotene, vitamin E and selenium 5. They also found a 10 percent drop in the numberof deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels.Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries. Theynote that th

24、e people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study. They want to find a way to improve the health of

25、 people in Linxian and other small towns in China.詞匯：esophagus /'sfs/ n食. 道m(xù)ixture /mkst(r)/ n. 混合物；合成品；混合藥fungus /'f s/ n 菌. 類carotene /krti:n/ n. 胡蘿卜素mold /mld/n. 霉；霉菌selenium /sli:nim/ n. 硒注釋：first evidence：第一手證據(jù)National Cancer Institute ：美國國家癌癥研究所Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy o

26、f Medical Sciences：中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院癌癥研究所pills：糖丸5. a mixture of a form of vitamin A called素的維生素 A 、維生素 E 和礦物質(zhì)硒的混合物練習(xí) :results of the new study are unexpected.carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium:一種叫做 胡蘿卜A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedthe scientists that did the study, there are more Chinese than Ame

27、ricans.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned study lasted for about five years.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedrate of cancer of stomach and esophagus in Linxian is the highest in China.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedand molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate in Linxian.

28、A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedthose people who took part in the study received vitamins and minerals.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedresults of the study are of great significance to people everywhere.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案與題解 :文章一開頭便提到 ,醫(yī)學(xué)專家們多年來一直懷疑,人們的飲食與癌癥有著密切的聯(lián)系。這項新的研究恰恰證實了這一點。故 B

29、為答案。文中說來自中美兩家研究所的科學(xué)家們共同進行了此項研究,并沒有提及具體人數(shù)。故C 為答案。文章第一段提到大多數(shù)實驗對象連續(xù)5 年每天服用了各種維生素及礦物質(zhì),由此可以得出答案。故A 為答案。文章第二段的開頭說林縣人胃癌及食道癌發(fā)病率極高,但并沒有說在國內(nèi)是最高的。故C 為答案。5A 文章第二段中提到,研究者們認(rèn)為 ,此地食物中的真菌和霉菌是癌癥發(fā)病率高的一個原因。故 A 為答案。文章第二段中提到 ,研究者們把實驗對象分成8 組,其中的 7 組每天服用不同的維生素和礦物質(zhì)混合物,第 8組服用毫無作用的糖丸。故B 為答案。文章最后一段提到 ,科學(xué)家們告誡人們 ,判斷此結(jié)果對其他國家的人是否同

30、樣有效還為時過早。故 B 為答案。譯文：食物和癌癥醫(yī)學(xué)專家們很多年來一直懷疑人們的飲食與癌癥有著密切地聯(lián)系。他們說， 一項新的研究提供了第一手證據(jù)證明維生素可以降低人患癌癥的概率。做這項研究的是一隊中美科學(xué)家。他們來自美國國家癌癥研究所和北 京的中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院癌癥研究所。國家癌癥研究所雜志發(fā)布了這項研究結(jié)果。大約3 萬 40 歲到 69 歲之間的人參與了這項研究。他們來自中國中北部的林縣。他們中大部分人連續(xù)五年每天服用維生素和礦物質(zhì)。選中林縣是因為那里的人們患胃癌和食道癌的比例很高。研究者認(rèn)為， 當(dāng)?shù)厥澄锏恼婢兔咕前┌Y發(fā)病率高的原因之一。 研究者把這些人分為8 組。其中 7 組每天服用不同

31、的維生素和礦物質(zhì)混合物。這些維生素和礦物質(zhì)的量比美國醫(yī)學(xué)官員所說的必需量高一到兩倍。第 8 組服用沒有任何效力的糖丸。那些獲取最多的人服用的是一種就做 -胡蘿卜素的維生素A 、維生素 E 和礦物質(zhì)硒的混合物。人們相信維生素和礦物質(zhì)可以阻止致癌物質(zhì)破壞細(xì)胞。研究者報告，那些服用-胡蘿卜素、維生素E 和硒的人群中患癌率降低了13%。他們同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)這個人群中腦溢血死亡率降低了10%?？茖W(xué)家們警告說， 現(xiàn)在還不知道這些效果在別的國家的人群中是否一樣。 他們指出， 林縣人吃的食物缺少必要的維生素和礦物質(zhì)。 中國官方將在今后許多年繼續(xù)記錄林縣人的健康狀況。 現(xiàn)在， 官方聲稱在考慮使用這項研究成果，他們希望尋

32、找到一條提高林縣和中國其他小村鎮(zhèn)人民健康的途徑。第八篇Stomach UlcerStomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers. They could not cure them. Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers. This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from

33、the stomach pain. Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people.Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears 1. These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach2，the pipe th

34、at carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines. Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer. How does a person know he or she has an ulcer Doctors say most people with ulcers feela burning pain in their chest or stomach 3. This pain often is called heartburn. It usu

35、ally happens before eating or during the night. It causes some people to lose their desire to eat, or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs. Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids, which damaged stomach tissue. Now they have discovered that most ulcers a

36、re caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H Pilorie. H Pilorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid. Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics. Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousand

37、s of millions of dollars in medical costs. They also believe curing ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer. The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan, Southeast Asia and parts of Africa.Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if someone in

38、 his or her family has had one. In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people. There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer. Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach. To

39、 do this, doctors say, people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. And they say people shouldreduce tension in their lives.詞匯：ulcer /'ls(r)/ n. 潰瘍heartburn /'h:tb:n/n.胃灼熱 ,燒心tear /te(r)/ n. 裂縫,破綻 ,裂口antibiotic /ntibatk/ n.抗生素intestine /ntestn/ n.腸注釋：1. small cuts or tears :小割傷或撕傷2.

40、the tissue in the stomach：胃內(nèi)組織3. feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach ：感到心窩或胃部有燒灼痛感練習(xí)：the past, doctors couldnt do anything about stomach ulcers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned doctors can successfully cure stomach ulcers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Some people are likely to suffer

41、from the stomach pain at some time in their life.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. Doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers after many years of experiments.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. There has been a change in doctors understanding of the cause of stomach ulcers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not ment

42、ioned6. Stomach ulcers can lead to stomach cancer.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. People who eat a lot of spicy food are also susceptible to stomach ulcers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案與題解：文章一開頭提到 ,過去,醫(yī)生們雖然不能治愈胃潰瘍,但卻可以減輕胃潰瘍造成的疼痛。故B 為答案。文章第一段中只說發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種能引起胃潰瘍的病因,這有可能使醫(yī)生們找到治愈此病的方法,但這只是一種可能性。故 B 為

43、答案。文章第一段中提到 ,全世界有 10%的人口遲早會得胃潰瘍,故 A 為答案。文章頭兩段只是說醫(yī)生們找到了一種引發(fā)胃潰瘍的病因,但并沒有提及發(fā)現(xiàn)這種病因的時間或者過程。故C 為答案。文章第二段中提到 ,過去醫(yī)生們認(rèn)為潰瘍通常是由濃胃液損傷胃的組織引起的,但現(xiàn)在他們發(fā)現(xiàn) ,大多數(shù)潰瘍是由一種叫做伊利克貝克特皮洛利或H皮洛利的細(xì)菌微生物引起的。故A 為答案。文章第二段的結(jié)尾部分提到,治愈胃潰瘍將減少臂痛的發(fā)病率,由此可以推斷胃潰瘍會誘發(fā)胃癌。故 A 為答案。文章最后一段只是說要避免胃潰瘍應(yīng)當(dāng)不吸煙、不喝酒,并沒有提到是否應(yīng)當(dāng)少吃或者不吃辛辣食物。故C 為答案。譯文：胃潰瘍胃潰瘍對很多人來說是導(dǎo)致

44、胃劇痛的原因。醫(yī)生們早已能夠幫助減輕胃潰瘍導(dǎo)致的疼痛，但他們不能完全治愈病人。 現(xiàn)在醫(yī)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個導(dǎo)致胃潰瘍的原因。這就意味著他們可以找到治愈胃痛患者的途徑。研究表明， 10%的人在一生中會患胃潰瘍。因此有可能的治愈方法對很多人而言是個好消息。潰瘍是胃里近似于小割傷或撕傷的傷口。這些傷口會破壞胃內(nèi)組織和把食物送到胃或小腸的通道。胃中的液體會加劇潰瘍導(dǎo)致的疼痛。 一個人怎么能夠知道自己是否患了胃潰瘍呢醫(yī)生說大部分胃潰瘍患者感到胸或胃部有灼熱的痛感。 這種疼痛叫做胃灼熱。 它通常出現(xiàn)在飯前或夜里。它致使一些人失去食欲， 或使他們無法使食物存在胃里。 醫(yī)生們過去認(rèn)為胃潰瘍是由破壞胃組織特別強烈地胃

45、液流動導(dǎo)致的。現(xiàn)在他們發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分胃潰瘍是由一種叫作伊利克·貝克特 ·皮洛利或 H. 皮洛利的細(xì)菌微生物導(dǎo)致的。H. 皮洛利細(xì)菌使胃分泌多余的胃液。醫(yī)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們月用抗生素殺死這些細(xì)菌。健康專家說發(fā)現(xiàn)治愈胃潰瘍的療法可以省掉幾十億美元醫(yī)療費用。他們也確信治愈胃潰瘍可以減少患胃癌的人數(shù)。在日本、東南亞和非洲一些地區(qū)，患胃癌的人很多。醫(yī)生說， 如果一個人家庭中有胃潰瘍患者，那么他就更有可能換胃潰瘍。實際上有胃潰瘍家族史的人患此 病的可能性比其他人高三倍。人們又幾種方法可以預(yù)防胃潰瘍。醫(yī)生們說減少胃中的胃液更為重要。醫(yī)生說要做到這一點，人們應(yīng)該不抽煙不喝酒。他們還說人們應(yīng)該減輕生活

46、的緊張程度。第九篇What Is a DreamFor centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say thatthis nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important partof our lives. In fact, many experts believe that d

47、reams can tell us about a person s mind and emotBefore modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud 1， was probably the first person to

48、study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpre tation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a personHe believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in reallife.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung 2

49、 was once a student of Freud，hso.wJeuvnegr， had a different idea aboutdreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may lea

50、rn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist WilliamDomhoff from the University of Californi

51、a, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person s thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, drea

52、ming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women aredifferent. For example, the people in men s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. Thisnot true of womenDoms hoff fou

53、nd this gender difference in the dreams of peoplefrom 11 cultures around theworld, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that som e

54、thing terrible is going to occur, you shouldn t pa The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. Itremember that the world of dreams is not the real world.詞匯：psychologist /sakldst/ n. 心理學(xué)家psychiatrist /sakatrst/ n. 精神病學(xué)家 (醫(yī)生 )Austrian /'strn/

55、 adj. 奧地利的gender /'dend(r)/ n. 性別注釋：1. Sigmund Freud 西格蒙德 ·弗洛伊德（ 1856 1939)，猶太人，奧地利精神病醫(yī)生及精神分析學(xué)家。精神分析學(xué)派的創(chuàng)始人。他認(rèn)為被壓抑的欲望絕大部分是屬于性的，性的擾亂是精神病的根本原因。著有性學(xué)三論夢的釋義圖騰與禁忌 日常生活的心理病理學(xué) 精神分析引論 精神分析引論新編等。2. Carl Jung：卡爾 ·榮格，瑞士著名精神分析專家，分析心理學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人。3. For example, the people in mens dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women s d例rea如m，s.在男性夢境中出現(xiàn)的通常是其他男性而且常與打斗有關(guān)，而女性的夢境則不是這樣。練習(xí)：1. Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned2. According to Freud, people