英語句子按功能分類講解_第1頁
英語句子按功能分類講解_第2頁
英語句子按功能分類講解_第3頁
英語句子按功能分類講解_第4頁
英語句子按功能分類講解_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩58頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

1、sentencesentence1.句子的用途分類句子的用途分類所謂用途分類是指,根據(jù)句子的意思,句子的語言功所謂用途分類是指,根據(jù)句子的意思,句子的語言功能和作用是什么,然后將其歸類。按這種方法,所有能和作用是什么,然后將其歸類。按這種方法,所有的英語句子可以分成四個種類:陳述句(的英語句子可以分成四個種類:陳述句(Declarative Sentence),疑問句(),疑問句(Interrogative Sentence),祁使),祁使句(句(Imperative Sentence)和感嘆句()和感嘆句(Exclamatory Sentence)。)。1)陳述句()陳述句(Declarat

2、ive Sentence)陳述句是用來說明事實、看法,描述動作、狀態(tài),闡陳述句是用來說明事實、看法,描述動作、狀態(tài),闡明道理、原因,等等。這是日常生活中見得最多的一明道理、原因,等等。這是日常生活中見得最多的一種句子。它在表達意思上有兩種形式,即肯定句形式種句子。它在表達意思上有兩種形式,即肯定句形式和否定句形式。例如:和否定句形式。例如:Chinese is one of the major languages in the world .中文是世界主要語言之一。中文是世界主要語言之一。It is not an easy job to learn English well .學(xué)好英語不學(xué)好英

3、語不是件易事。是件易事。She is doing her term paper .她在寫學(xué)期論文。她在寫學(xué)期論文。This is a beautiful garden .這是一座漂亮的花園。這是一座漂亮的花園。Wealth does not mean happiness .富有并不意味著幸福。富有并不意味著幸福。Being over-slept , he was late for class today .由于睡過了頭,他今天上課遲到了。由于睡過了頭,他今天上課遲到了。2) 疑問句(疑問句(Interrogative Sentence)疑問句是用來提出問題的,按其所提出的不同問題可疑問句是用來

4、提出問題的,按其所提出的不同問題可分為以下四種:分為以下四種: A)一般疑問句()一般疑問句(General Question)一般疑問句是就某件事或某種情況的一般疑問句是就某件事或某種情況的是與否是與否提問。提問。因此,它的回答不是因此,它的回答不是Yes就是就是No;回答時所用的;回答時所用的句子可以是完整句,也可以是省略句。另一方面,凡句子可以是完整句,也可以是省略句。另一方面,凡是疑問句一般說來都應(yīng)該是倒裝語序。例如:是疑問句一般說來都應(yīng)該是倒裝語序。例如:-Are you a student ? -Yes, I am a student .-Do you like dancing ?

5、 -Yes, I do .B) 特殊疑問句(特殊疑問句(Special Question)特殊疑問句是對某件事或某種情況的某一方面的具體內(nèi)容特殊疑問句是對某件事或某種情況的某一方面的具體內(nèi)容提問,因此,對哪一方面的具體內(nèi)容提問,就需要使用相提問,因此,對哪一方面的具體內(nèi)容提問,就需要使用相應(yīng)的特殊疑問詞如:時間(應(yīng)的特殊疑問詞如:時間(When)、地點()、地點(Where)、原)、原因(因(Why)、方式()、方式(How)、人物()、人物(Who)、名稱)、名稱(What),等等。另外,回答的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該是具體的。例),等等。另外,回答的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該是具體的。例如:如:-Who is in c

6、harge of English in your class ? -Zheng Zheng (is ).-誰是你們班的英語科代表?誰是你們班的英語科代表?-(是)鄭征。(是)鄭征。 -Why is Luo Huimin absent from duty today .-She is preparing for going abroad .羅慧敏今天為什么沒有上班?她要出國羅慧敏今天為什么沒有上班?她要出國,正在做準(zhǔn)備正在做準(zhǔn)備C) 選擇疑問句(選擇疑問句(Alternative Question)選擇疑問句可以對句子中的任何成分設(shè)置選擇問題,選擇選擇疑問句可以對句子中的任何成分設(shè)置選擇問題,選

7、擇部分由連詞部分由連詞or連接。它貌似一般疑問句,其實兩者有區(qū)別,連接。它貌似一般疑問句,其實兩者有區(qū)別,因為回答這種文句時既不能用因為回答這種文句時既不能用Yes也不能用也不能用No,而是,而是需要回答人說出具體的選擇。另外,連詞需要回答人說出具體的選擇。另外,連詞or之前的部分讀之前的部分讀升調(diào),其后的部分讀降調(diào)。例如:升調(diào),其后的部分讀降調(diào)。例如:-Is your sister or brother going abroad ? -My brother is .(選擇主語)(選擇主語)-是你的妹妹還是弟弟要出國?是你的妹妹還是弟弟要出國?-我弟弟。我弟弟。-Are you going t

8、o school or back home . -(Im)Going home .(選擇謂語)(選擇謂語) -你是去學(xué)校還是回家。你是去學(xué)校還是回家。-我回家。我回家。D) 反意疑問句(反意疑問句(Disjunctive Question)當(dāng)說話人對某)當(dāng)說話人對某種情況不甚有把握,或需進一步證實時,便可使用反種情況不甚有把握,或需進一步證實時,便可使用反意疑問句。反意疑問句的構(gòu)成分兩部分。第一部分是意疑問句。反意疑問句的構(gòu)成分兩部分。第一部分是一個完整的陳述句;第二部分是一個簡單疑問句。第一個完整的陳述句;第二部分是一個簡單疑問句。第一部分若是肯定形式,第二部分則用否定形式;第一一部分若是肯

9、定形式,第二部分則用否定形式;第一部分若是否定形式,第二部分則用肯定形式。還必須部分若是否定形式,第二部分則用肯定形式。還必須要保持前后兩部分在時態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞等方面的一致性。要保持前后兩部分在時態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞等方面的一致性。例如:例如:She is a college student , isnt she ?她是學(xué)生,對不對?她是學(xué)生,對不對?He cannot speak French , can he ?他不會說法語是不是?他不會說法語是不是?3) 祁使句(祁使句(Imperative Sentence)祈使句往往是用來表示說話人的請求、命令、要求、祈使句往往是用來表示說話人的請求、命令、要

10、求、建議,等等。祈使句的主語常被省略,因為這個主語建議,等等。祈使句的主語常被省略,因為這個主語很明確地是聽話人很明確地是聽話人you。當(dāng)然,有時為了強調(diào)或表。當(dāng)然,有時為了強調(diào)或表示某種感情,句子也會帶上主語。祈使句的謂語用動示某種感情,句子也會帶上主語。祈使句的謂語用動詞原形;它的否定形式是句首用詞原形;它的否定形式是句首用Dont + 動詞原形,或動詞原形,或是是Not to + 動詞原形。例如:動詞原形。例如:Be quiet , please ! Dont smoke in the office . Dont be standing in the rain . Stand up !

11、Not to be careless when youre driving a car . 4) 感嘆句(感嘆句(Exclamatory Sentence)感嘆句表示說話人的喜悅、氣憤、驚訝等強烈的情緒。感嘆句表示說話人的喜悅、氣憤、驚訝等強烈的情緒。這類句子中,有很多是由這類句子中,有很多是由What或或How引起的。引起的。What 用來強調(diào)名詞,用來強調(diào)名詞,How則強調(diào)形容詞、副詞或動詞。這則強調(diào)形容詞、副詞或動詞。這類句子的構(gòu)成只需將所強調(diào)或是說,所感嘆的對象放類句子的構(gòu)成只需將所強調(diào)或是說,所感嘆的對象放到句首;句子無需倒裝,句子要用正常語序。到句首;句子無需倒裝,句子要用正常語序

12、。 當(dāng)然,當(dāng)然,如果不用這種句型,而句子(無論是那種句子)本身如果不用這種句型,而句子(無論是那種句子)本身又表示了上述的種種情緒,那么該句也就成了感嘆句。又表示了上述的種種情緒,那么該句也就成了感嘆句。例如:例如:What a fine day it is today ! How fine it is today ! What a lovely son you have ! How lovely your son is ! 感嘆句感嘆句 (2)what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句引導(dǎo)的感嘆句what名詞主語謂語名詞主語謂語How + 形形/副詞副詞+主語主語+謂語謂語(1)how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句引導(dǎo)的感嘆句

13、“How + “How + 形形/ /副詞副詞+ +主語主語+ +謂語謂語” (1) eg.How fine it is today?。?) eg.How beautiful the flowers they are?。?) eg.How heavy the rain is! “what“what名詞主語謂語名詞主語謂語!”(1 1) eg.eg.What a cold day it is today?。? 2) eg.eg.What heavy boxes they are!3 3) eg.eg.What delicious ice-cream it is!3省略式感嘆句省略式感嘆句(1)h

14、ow直接修飾謂語動詞:直接修飾謂語動詞:How+主語主語+謂語謂語!如:如: How we love our motherland!我們是多么熱愛自己我們是多么熱愛自己的祖國啊的祖國啊!(2)省略主語和謂語。如:省略主語和謂語。如: What an interesting book!多有趣的一本書啊多有趣的一本書啊!4特殊式感嘆句特殊式感嘆句The design and the colours!多美的圖案和色彩多美的圖案和色彩!To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那竟然把那樣一套衣服賣給了一個百萬富翁樣一套衣服賣給了一個百萬富翁!感嘆

15、句記憶口訣感嘆句記憶口訣感嘆句,并不難,感嘆句,并不難,what與與how應(yīng)在前。應(yīng)在前。形容詞、副詞跟著形容詞、副詞跟著how,what后面名詞連。后面名詞連。名詞若是可數(shù)單,前帶冠詞名詞若是可數(shù)單,前帶冠詞a或或an。主語、謂語放后面,省略它們也常見。主語、謂語放后面,省略它們也常見。祈使句的判定和特點祈使句的判定和特點否定:否定:Dont或或Never+動詞原形。如:動詞原形。如:Never go out alone at night!不要在夜晚單獨出去!不要在夜晚單獨出去!祈使句用來表達說話人的請求、命令、建議、勸告等。祈使句用來表達說話人的請求、命令、建議、勸告等。謂語動詞用動詞原形

16、。其主語是謂語動詞用動詞原形。其主語是you,往往省略。,往往省略。常見的祈使句句型如下:常見的祈使句句型如下:1動詞原形動詞原形如:如:Lay down your arms! Be sure to get there before eight Oclock2Do+動詞原形動詞原形(此句型表示強調(diào)此句型表示強調(diào))。如:。如:Do tell her about it務(wù)必將此事告訴她。務(wù)必將此事告訴她。3.以以let開頭開頭: Let 的反意的反意疑問句疑問句 a. Lets 包括說話者包括說話者 Lets have another try,shall we / shant we? = Shall

17、 we have another try?b.Let us 不包括說話者不包括說話者Let us have another try,will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try?4主語主語+動詞原形動詞原形。如:。如: Tomyou go and see whatS happening湯姆湯姆,去看看發(fā)生什么事情了。,去看看發(fā)生什么事情了。 You,girls,clean the desk;you,boys,sweep the floor你們你們,女生擦桌子。你們,男生,打掃地板。,女生擦桌子。你們,男生,打掃地板

18、。5祈使句祈使句+and/or+陳述句陳述句(and表示順承關(guān)系,表示順承關(guān)系,or表示表示轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系關(guān)系)。如:。如:use your head,and you11 find a good way(=If you use your head,you11 find a good way)動動腦動動腦筋,你會找到一種好辦法的。筋,你會找到一種好辦法的。Hurry up,or we11 be late(=If we dont hurry up,we11 be late)快點,不然我們就遲到了快點,不然我們就遲到了。6Be so kind/good as+不定式不定式(此句型用來表達此句型用來表達

19、客氣的請求,客氣的請求,so kind/good as相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于kind/good enough)。如:如:Be kind enough to lend me your dictionary請把你的字典借給我吧請把你的字典借給我吧。Disjunctive QuestionsDisjunctive Questions反意疑問句He is a boy, isnt he?This is your brother, _ _?These are not books, _ _ ?Nothing is serious, _ _ ?Everything seems all right, _ _?isnt i

20、tare they is it doesnt itEveryone knows this , _ _ ?No one came , _ _?Each of the boys has a football, _ _?None of the milk is left, _ _? dont they did they havent they is itLets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions. 一.問句部分與陳述部分主語不一致的情況陳述部分主語陳述部分主語 疑問部分主語疑問部分主語 例句例句 this或或

21、that it This is your mother, isnt it ? these或或those they These are books,are they? something everything等等 it Nothing is serious, is it ? they/he Everyone knows this,dont they?/ doesnt he?somebodyeveryone等等 no one none neither , either they / heNo one came , did they? each of he / theyEach of the boy

22、s has a football, hasnt he? None of it None of the milk is left, is it ?陳述部分陳述部分 疑問部分疑問部分 例句例句主語主語 主語主語Lets do some exercisesLets do some exercisesMary has two brothers, _ _?He hasnt a lot of time, _ _?They all had a good time, _ _?We have to get up early, _ _?We had better go right now,_ _?doesnt s

23、hehas he didnt theydont we hadnt weLets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions. 二問句部分和陳述部分謂語不一致的情況: has (有)有) have 或或do Mary has two brothers, doesnt she / hasnt she? have(有的否定有的否定形式)形式)與陳述部與陳述部分一致分一致He hasnt some time, has he ?have(不做有講)不做有講) do They had a good time, didnt t

24、hey? have to do We have to get up, dont we? had better hadWe had better go right now,hadnt we?He cant be a doctor, _ _?He must be happy, _ _?He needs help, _ _?is heisnt he doesnt he二二, , 問句部分和陳述部分謂語不一致的情況問句部分和陳述部分謂語不一致的情況 cant (不可能)不可能)表推測表推測 cant 后后面的動詞面的動詞He cant be a doctor, is he? 1 must表示表示“必須

25、必須”或或“有有必要必要” ,2, mustnt表示表示“禁止禁止” mustnt或或needntmust I must hand in my exercise book now, mustnt I(或或neednt)? You mustnt take the magazine out of the reading-room, must you? 實義動詞實義動詞need/dare情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 dare / need dodare /needHe needs to do some sports, doesnt he?He dare not say so, dare he?She doesn

26、t dare to go home alone, does she? We need not do it again, need we?Lets do some exercisesLets do some exercisesHe is hardly able to swim, _ _?There is little ink in your pen, _ _?The chair is uncomfortable, _ _?He has nothing to say, _? is he is there isnt it does heLets sum up the several differen

27、t kinds of theDisjunctive Questions. 三、問句的肯定或否定問題三、問句的肯定或否定問題 scarcely seldom ,hardly ,never, few,little, none,nothing, neither, nobody等等 肯定肯定 形式形式He has never been to Japan, has he? He hardly speaks English, does he? 含含un,im,dis-等否定等否定前綴及前綴及l(fā)ess-等后綴的等后綴的派生詞派生詞 否定否定 形式形式Its unfair, isnt it?He dislik

28、es chicken, doesnt he? Lets do some exercisesLets do some exercisesIm your friend, _ _?There arent any books on the desk, _ _?Turn off the light, _ _?Dont make a noise, _ _? arent I are there will you will you Let him come in, _ _?Lets go for a walk, _ _?Let us do it by themselves, _ _?He says that

29、I did it,_ _?I dont think Mary is coming tomorrow, _ _?She thinks she can get there on time, _ _? will you shall we will youdoesnt he is shedoesnt sheLets sum up the several different kinds of theDisjunctive Questions. 四、一些特殊的附加疑問句 I am陳述部分的陳述部分的謂語是謂語是wish arent Imay +主語主語Im your friend, arent I?I w

30、ish to have a word with you, may I?There be be thereThere is a book on the desk, isnt there?肯定的肯定的祈使句祈使句 will you wont youCome here , will you?否定的否定的祈使句祈使句 will youDont make a noise , will you? let us,let me let +第三人稱第三人稱 will youLet us do it, will you? lets shall weLets go for a walk, shall we?I th

31、ink/believe/suppose等等與從句謂與從句謂語一致語一致I dont think Mary is coming tomorrow, is she? he /she/ it + think/ believe等等與主句謂與主句謂 語一致語一致She thinks she can get there on time, doesnt she?陳述部分有陳述部分有 had better + v. 疑問句部分用疑問句部分用 hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 陳述部分有陳述部分有would rather +v.,疑問部分

32、多用,疑問部分多用 wouldnt +主主語。語。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?陳述部分有陳述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑問部分用疑問部分用wouldnt +主語。主語。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 感嘆句中,疑問部分用感嘆句中,疑問部分用be +主語。主語。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it? 陳述部分由陳述部分由 neither nor, either or 連接的并列主語時,連接的

33、并列主語時,疑問部分根據(jù)其實際邏輯意義而定。疑問部分根據(jù)其實際邏輯意義而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 陳述部分為主語從句或并列句,疑問部分有三種情況:陳述部分為主語從句或并列句,疑問部分有三種情況: a. 并列句疑問部分,謂語動詞根據(jù)鄰近分句的謂語而定。并列句疑問部分,謂語動詞根據(jù)鄰近分句的謂語而定。 Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he? b. 帶有定語從句,賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句帶有定語從句

34、,賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句, 疑問部分謂語疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定:根據(jù)主句的謂語而定: He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he? c. 上述部分如果主句主語是第一人稱而謂語是上述部分如果主句主語是第一人稱而謂語是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,疑問部分與賓語從句相對應(yīng)等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,疑問部分與賓語從句相對應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。構(gòu)成反意疑問句。I dont think he is brigh

35、t, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she? must在表在表“推測推測”時,根據(jù)實際情況確定時,根據(jù)實際情況確定He must be there now, isnt he?It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? You must have studied English for three years, havent you? He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是從句、不定式、動名詞或詞組時,當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是從句、

36、不定式、動名詞或詞組時,反意疑問部分的主語通常用反意疑問部分的主語通常用it。 What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? To master a foreign language isnt easy, is it? Swimming in rivers is a good sport, isnt it? 五、反意問句的回答:五、反意問句的回答:1、- You didnt go to his birthday party last night, did you? -_ , though I wasnt busy.A.Yes,

37、I did B. No, I didnt C.Yes, I didnt D. No, I didB. No, I didnt2. You have no classes on Saturday, do you?A. , we doB. , we dont YesNo1. Some plants never come out, _ _?2. We have to get there at eight tomorrow , _ _?3.Youd better read it by yourself, _ _?4. He must be a doctor, _ _?5. Everything is

38、ready, _ _?6. Everyone knows the answer,_ _?7. I dont think he is bright,_ _?8. She believes she can do it better,_ _?9. Dont do that again,_ _?Do some exercises: do they dont we hadnt you isnt he isnt itdont they is he doesnt she will you10. Lets go and listen to the music,_ _?11. Let us wait for y

39、ou in the reading room, _ _?12.There is not be any trouble,_ _?13. Im as tall as your sister,_ _? shall we will you is there arent I1. Lily and Lucy like dancing, _? A. arent they B. dont Lily and Lucy C. dont they D. do they2.You can hardly hear anything, _? A. can you B. cant you C. do you D. dont

40、 you 3. She talked little, _she? A. did B. didnt C. was D. wasnt 4. -There is nothing in the room except the desk, is there? -_. Only the desk. A. Yes, there is B. No, there is C. Yes, there isnt D. No, there isnt 5. -Few people understand the question, do they? -_. It is too difficult. A. No, they dont B. Yes, they do C. No, they do D. Yes, they dont6. You must be a writer, _? A. will you B. wont you C. arent you D. must you 7. Alice has to finish her work now, _? A. h

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論