《Unit1 Penfriends》課件初中英語牛津上海版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)

1、*encyclopaedia n. 百科全書百科全書 p.1human adj. 人的人的 p.1dinosaur n. 恐龍恐龍 p.1* Italian n. 意大利人意大利人 p.2inventor n. 創(chuàng)造家創(chuàng)造家p.3musician n. 音樂家音樂家 p.3scientist n. 科學(xué)家科學(xué)家 p.3born v. (be born)出生出生 p.3countryside n. 鄉(xiāng)村；農(nóng)村鄉(xiāng)村；農(nóng)村 p.3intelligence n. 才智；智慧才智；智慧 p.3*artistic adj. 有藝術(shù)天賦的有藝術(shù)天賦的 p.3ability n. 才能；能力才能；能力 p.3

2、perhaps adv. 可能；大概可能；大概 p.3invention n. 創(chuàng)造創(chuàng)造 p.3notebook n. 筆記本筆記本 p.3include v. 包括；包含包括；包含 p.3even adv. 強(qiáng)調(diào)出乎意料甚至強(qiáng)調(diào)出乎意料甚至 p.3however adv. 然而然而 p.3suddenly adv. 突然；突然突然；突然 p.3nobody pron. 沒有人沒有人 p.3*fossil n. 化石化石 p.3in the countrysidehuman beingdie outlook up from an early age在鄉(xiāng)村；在農(nóng)村在鄉(xiāng)村；在農(nóng)村人人滅絕；消失滅絕

3、；消失查閱查閱 從很小的時(shí)候開始從很小的時(shí)候開始in the worldfor exampleas . as learn aboutat school在世界上在世界上例如例如與與一樣一樣了解了解在學(xué)校；在求學(xué)在學(xué)校；在求學(xué)根據(jù)中文意思完成句子。根據(jù)中文意思完成句子。1. 他是那個(gè)島上唯一的人類。 He is the only _ _ on that island.2. 科學(xué)家們說這種植物在一個(gè)世紀(jì)前滅絕 了。 Scientists said that this plant _ _ a century ago.3. 我喜歡在鄉(xiāng)間漫步。 I enjoy walking _ _ _.human be

4、ing died out in the countryside You are going to read two short articles from an encyclopaedia. Before you start, try the quiz below. Circle the correct answers. There can be more than one answer.1. Leonardo da Vinci was a(n) _. a. painter b. engineer c. cook2. Leonardo da Vinci was _. a. French b.

5、English c. Italian a. b c3. Leonardo da Vinci painted _.a. Sunflowers b. The Last Supper c. Impression, Sunrise b4. Today you can find dinosaurs _. a. in zoos b. in museums c. everywhere 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Dinosaurs once lived on Earth. b. All dinosaurs were very bi

6、g. c. Some dinosaurs could fly. b b 列昂納多達(dá)芬奇1452年4月15日1519年5月2日，又譯萊昂納多達(dá)芬奇、李?yuàn)W納多達(dá)芬奇，是意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的一個(gè)博學(xué)者：除了是畫家，他還是雕刻家、建筑師、音樂家、數(shù)學(xué)家、工程師、創(chuàng)造家、解剖學(xué)家、地質(zhì)學(xué)家、制圖師、植物學(xué)家和作家。他的天賦或許比同時(shí)期的其他人物都高，這使他成為文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期人文主義的代表人物，也使得他成為文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期典型的藝術(shù)家，也是歷史上最著名的畫家之一，與米開朗基羅和拉斐爾并稱文藝復(fù)興三杰。小行星3000被命名為“列奧納多。列昂納多列昂納多達(dá)達(dá)芬奇芬奇Here are two articles fro

7、m an encyclopaedia. Da Vinci, LeonardoLeonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things.

8、His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art)Mona LisaaDinosaursDinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years befor

9、e human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even fly.Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all d

10、ied out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history)b1. What is the painting in Picture a? Who painted it? 2. What are the animals in Picture b? What do you know about them? Look at the pictures and the titles of the articles on page 3. Then answer the

11、questions below.The Mona Lisa. Leonardo da Vinci painted it.Dinosaurs.There are many different kinds of dinosaurs living on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly , they all died out.1. When somebody is born , he / she _. a. comes out of his / her mothers body b. goes to see a doctor

12、c. leaves his / her parents2. Bennys grandparents live in the countryside. They live_ the city. a. inside b. outside c. in the centre ofC1.The words in italics are from the two articles on page 3. Circle the correct answers to complete these sentences.ab3. Birds have a musical ability. They _ sing.

13、a. can b. cannot c. are happy to 4.The book includes some beautiful photos. These photos are _ the book. a. part of b. at the end of c. connected to5. A human being is a(n)_ a. animal b. machine c. personaac When I was young, I used to keep a (1)_. I wrote many poems and drew many pictures of differ

14、ent (2)_ in it. They were not very good, but they helped me think and dream. Now I am a famous (3)_ and I do many important things. (4)_ , my journey began when I was at school, with my studies, and my poems and pictures. I was a student just like you. (5)_ you will do something important or (6)_ be

15、come famous one day. Just remember to think and to dream.even however invention notebook perhaps scientistC2.Complete the article below with the words from the box . Change their forms if necessary.notebookinventionsscientistHoweverPerhapsevenD1. Below are some notes about the encyclopaediaarticles

16、on page3, but some of the facts are wrong. Read the articles and correct the notes if necessary. 1. Da Vinci, Leonardo a. He lived from 1425 to 1519. b. He was born in the city. c. He showed great artistic ability from an early age. d. He is famous for his paintings and books.1452countrysideinventio

17、nswas an .inventor ,.,and.was born . .,he showed .and .ability.As he ., he learnt to do.His paitings are., and the one , ., is perhaps .He also had many. For example, his notebooks include .of .2. Dinosaurs a. They lived on Earth more than 60 thousand years before human beings. b. Some were small; o

18、thers were huge. c. All of them ate meat. d. Some died out lionSome They allDinosaurs lived on before human beingsThey lived Some dinosaurs were others were some could.Many dinosaurs ate however, some.Dinosaurs lives,then, they all, nobody however , we can learn about .1. Who was Leonard

19、o da Vinci? He was _.2. What is his most famous painting? It is _.3. What did dinosaurs eat? Many of them ate _. Some liked to eat _.D2.Read the articles again and complete the answers to the questions below .an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientistthe Mona Lisaplants meat 4. H

20、ow long did dinosaurs live on Earth before they disappeared? They lived on Earth for _.5. How can we learn about dinosaurs today? We can learn about them _.more than 150 million yearsfrom their fossils1. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. 達(dá)達(dá)芬奇在鄉(xiāng)下出生。芬奇在鄉(xiāng)下出生。be born 意為意為“出生出生，其中動(dòng)詞，其中動(dòng)詞be通常通常用用was或者

21、或者were。be born 后可接形容詞，名詞后可接形容詞，名詞或介詞短語，其所表達(dá)的意思也不同?；蚪樵~短語，其所表達(dá)的意思也不同。be born + adj. / n. 意為意為“生來生來。例如：。例如：瑪麗生來就很幸?！，旣惿鷣砭秃苄腋?。Mary was born happy.湯姆生為英國(guó)人。湯姆生為英國(guó)人。Tom was born English. be born + in / on 意為意為“出生在出生在，例如：，例如：他出生在廣州。他出生在廣州。He was born in Guangzhou. be born + to / in / into 意為意為“降生到降生到 ，多指降生到

22、某家庭。例如：多指降生到某家庭。例如：1867年，居里夫人出生在一個(gè)教師家庭。年，居里夫人出生在一個(gè)教師家庭。In 1867, Madam Curie was born to / in / into a teachers family.2. For example, his notebooks include someinteresting drawings of flying machines. 例如，他的筆記本里包含了一些有趣的飛行例如，他的筆記本里包含了一些有趣的飛行器的圖畫。器的圖畫。include 是及物動(dòng)詞，意為是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“包括；包含，側(cè)包括；包含，側(cè)重被包括者只是整體的一局

23、部。例如：重被包括者只是整體的一局部。例如：這價(jià)錢包括郵費(fèi)在內(nèi)。這價(jià)錢包括郵費(fèi)在內(nèi)。 The price includes the postage.她的愛好包括畫畫和跳舞。她的愛好包括畫畫和跳舞。Her hobbies include painting and dancing.including 除了是除了是 include 的非謂語動(dòng)詞之外，還可作的非謂語動(dòng)詞之外，還可作作介詞，后面常接名詞或代詞構(gòu)成介賓短語，意思作介詞，后面常接名詞或代詞構(gòu)成介賓短語，意思是是“包括包括在內(nèi)。在內(nèi)。including 一般用在逗號(hào)后面，或者是冒號(hào)前面，有一般用在逗號(hào)后面，或者是冒號(hào)前面，有時(shí)也可以放在句子中

24、間。例如：時(shí)也可以放在句子中間。例如：1. 有很多不同種類的月餅，包括水果、咖啡和冰有很多不同種類的月餅，包括水果、咖啡和冰皮月餅。皮月餅。There are many different kinds of mooncakes, including fruit, coffee and ice. 2. 這一組是由五個(gè)人組成的，包括兩名女性。這一組是由五個(gè)人組成的，包括兩名女性。This group is made up of 5 people, including 2 women.選用include或including填空，并注意其形式。1. There are 10 people _ you.

25、2. I find that now the plan _ most of my suggestions.3. They have many pets, _ three dogs.4. Our book _ 8 units. We may learn 2 units in a month.includingincludesincludingincludes3. For example, his notebooks include someinteresting drawings of flying machines. 例如，他的筆記本里包含了一些有趣的飛行例如，他的筆記本里包含了一些有趣的飛行

26、器的圖畫。器的圖畫。for example 后面要有逗號(hào)。一般舉同類人或后面要有逗號(hào)。一般舉同類人或物中物中“一個(gè)為例。用于句首，句中，句末均可。一個(gè)為例。用于句首，句中，句末均可。such as 后面不可有逗號(hào)。一般列舉同類人或事物中后面不可有逗號(hào)。一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子。用于句中。的幾個(gè)例子。用于句中。1. 比方，我在閱讀方面有困難。比方，我在閱讀方面有困難。For example, I have trouble in reading.2. 他喜歡吃水果，比方蘋果，梨，香蕉。他喜歡吃水果，比方蘋果，梨，香蕉。He likes eating fruit such as apples

27、, pears andbananas. 4. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. 在人類之前，恐龍?jiān)诘厍蛏仙盍肆Ф嘣谌祟愔?，恐龍?jiān)诘厍蛏仙盍肆Ф?萬年。萬年。more than 超出；多于=over200多名學(xué)生讀過這本書。多名學(xué)生讀過這本書。More than 200 students have read this book.瑪麗已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了瑪麗已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了2000多詞匯。多詞匯。Mary has learnt more than 2000 words.5. Some dino

28、saurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. 一些恐龍像小雞一樣小，其他的像十頭大象一樣大?！揪湫鸵弧縮ome others 意為“一些另一些這里的others不是特指剩余的全部，而是指剩余中的一些，可能還有其他剩余的。somethe others 意為“一些其余的，這里的“其余的，指的是剩余的全部。1. 一些人在唱歌，另一些人在跳舞。一些人在唱歌，另一些人在跳舞?？赡苓€有其他人在做別的事情?？赡苓€有其他人在做別的事情。Some people are singing. Others are danci

29、ng.2. 一些人在唱歌，剩下的所有人在跳舞。一些人在唱歌，剩下的所有人在跳舞。Some people are singing. The others aredancing.【句型二】【句型二】asas 意為意為“和和一樣一樣，表示同級(jí)，表示同級(jí)比較。使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)比較。使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二為副詞，第二個(gè)個(gè)as為連詞。常用根本結(jié)構(gòu)為：為連詞。常用根本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as + adj. / adv. + as, 其否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)為：其否認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)為：not as / so + adj. / adv. + as1. 這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。This film is

30、as interesting as that one.2. 這本字典沒有那本字典厚。這本字典沒有那本字典厚。This dictionary is not as / so thick as that one.6. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. 然而，有些恐龍喜歡吃肉。然而，有些恐龍喜歡吃肉。however在本句是副詞，意為在本句是副詞，意為“然而；但是，可位然而；但是，可位于于句首、句中或句末。位于句首時(shí)，通常用逗號(hào)與句句首、句中或句末。位于句首時(shí)，通常用逗號(hào)與句子的其他局部分開；位于句中時(shí)，通常在其前、后子的其他局部分開；位于句中時(shí)，通常

31、在其前、后各加一個(gè)逗號(hào)；位于句末時(shí)，那么必須在其前加逗號(hào)。各加一個(gè)逗號(hào)；位于句末時(shí)，那么必須在其前加逗號(hào)。例如：例如：但是，我們現(xiàn)在不需要做那個(gè)。但是，我們現(xiàn)在不需要做那個(gè)。However, we dont need to do that now.然而，垃圾只是環(huán)境污染的一個(gè)方面。然而，垃圾只是環(huán)境污染的一個(gè)方面。Rubbish, however, is only part of environmental pollution.這次表演不錯(cuò)。不過，它還可以更好。這次表演不錯(cuò)。不過，它還可以更好。The performance is good. It can be better, however

32、.but也表示語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折，但but總是位于它所引出的分句之首。but與其前面的分句可用或不用逗號(hào)分開，并且but 之后一般不使用逗號(hào)。例如：他喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)，但是他的妻子喜歡音樂。他喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)，但是他的妻子喜歡音樂。He likes sports, but his wife likes music.7. Nobody knows why. 沒有人知道為什么。nobody = not .anybody nobody 作主語時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)形式?jīng)]有人喜歡他。沒有人喜歡他。Nobody likes him.他在屋子里沒看到有人。他在屋子里沒看到有人。He saw nobody in the room.8

33、. When I was young, I used to keep a notebook. 在我小的時(shí)候，我常帶著一本筆記本。在我小的時(shí)候，我常帶著一本筆記本。used to 意為意為“過去常常，后接動(dòng)詞原形，表示過去常常，后接動(dòng)詞原形，表示“過過去去常常做某事或常常做某事或“過去所處的狀態(tài)，隱含現(xiàn)在不再過去所處的狀態(tài)，隱含現(xiàn)在不再如如此之意。此之意。其否認(rèn)形式為其否認(rèn)形式為didnt use to do .，疑問句句式為疑問句句式為Did .use to do .？我爸爸以前抽煙抽得很兇。在得病之后他戒煙了。我爸爸以前抽煙抽得很兇。在得病之后他戒煙了。My father used to s

34、moke a lot. After he got sick, hegave up smoking. 我以前不經(jīng)常早起。我以前不經(jīng)常早起。 I didnt use to get up early. 莫妮卡以前常在月末前就把所有的錢都花光嗎？莫妮卡以前常在月末前就把所有的錢都花光嗎？Did Monica use to spend all her money before theend of the month? 與used to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu)相似的兩個(gè)句型：be used to do sth意為“被用于做某事；be used to doing sth 意為“習(xí)慣做某事例如：竹子可以用來做家具

35、。 Bamboo can be used to make furniture.蒂娜在半年后適應(yīng)了生活在廣州。Tina was used to living in Guangzhou after half a year. 1.What else do you know about Leonardo da Vinci?2.Why did the dinosaurs die out suddenly?D3.Discuss and answer the questions below with your classmates.一、根據(jù)句意和所給的首字母填空。一、根據(jù)句意和所給的首字母填空。1. P_ you are right, but we dont know for sure.2. The South China Sea Islands i_ over 200 islands.3. What a hot day! The weather report says it will be e_ hotter tomorrow.4. Its raining hard. H_ , I still want to go there.5. I knocked at the door, but n_answered. Maybe they were allerhapsnclude