2015電大西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)大綱參考資料(2015春可用)

1、西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)大綱一、考試題型、分?jǐn)?shù)比例1、單項(xiàng)選擇題（15題，15分）2、多項(xiàng)選擇題（5題，15分）3、判斷題（10題，10分）4、名詞配伍題（5題，10分）5、簡答題（2題，20分）6、計(jì)算題（2題，15分）7、論述題（1題，15分）二、復(fù)習(xí)方法1、第1、7、9、11、17章不作為考試重點(diǎn)2、單項(xiàng)選擇題、多項(xiàng)選擇題、判斷題三種題型重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)上相應(yīng)的題型(見導(dǎo)學(xué)參考答案)；3、計(jì)算題范圍：宏觀、微觀各1道，重點(diǎn)掌握：計(jì)算：均衡價(jià)格和彈性，消費(fèi)者均衡、利潤最大化，生產(chǎn)要素，國民收入與乘數(shù) 4、簡答題、論述題是考核說明中的重點(diǎn)掌握的內(nèi)容，名詞配伍題由于作了較大調(diào)整，請大家按照考核說明上的規(guī)定組

2、織復(fù)習(xí)。第二章 供求理論一、重點(diǎn)名詞 需求規(guī)律 供給規(guī)律 均衡價(jià)格 需求的收入彈性 二、重點(diǎn)掌握1需求量的變動(dòng)與需求變動(dòng)的異同。2. 影響需求價(jià)格彈性的因素3需求價(jià)格彈性的含義、計(jì)算公式、圖形及影響因素。第三章 效用理論一、重點(diǎn)名詞 收入效應(yīng) 無差異曲線 預(yù)算線 總效用 邊際效用 替代效應(yīng) 二、重點(diǎn)掌握1總效用與邊際效用的變動(dòng)規(guī)律2無差異曲線、預(yù)算線和消費(fèi)者均衡。3. 從序數(shù)效用理論分析，消費(fèi)者均衡的條件，為什么？第四章 生產(chǎn)與成本理論一、重點(diǎn)名詞 機(jī)會(huì)成本 邊際收益 邊際技術(shù)替代率 二、重點(diǎn)掌握2等產(chǎn)量曲線的特征3等成本線的特征4一種可變生產(chǎn)要素的合理投入?yún)^(qū)域5什么是邊際報(bào)酬遞減規(guī)律？這一規(guī)

3、律發(fā)生作用的條件是什么？ 第五章 廠商均衡理論一、重點(diǎn)名詞完全競爭 寡頭壟斷 壟斷競爭 二、重點(diǎn)掌握1完全競爭市場的短期均衡與長期均衡（包括邊際收益曲線與平均收益曲線）。2完全壟斷市場的短期均衡與長期均衡（包括邊際收益曲線與平均收益曲線）。3. 廠商利潤公式是什么？廠商利潤最大化的條件是什么？第六章 分配理論一、重點(diǎn)名詞洛倫茲曲線 利率 二、重點(diǎn)掌握1勞動(dòng)供給曲線為什么是向后彎曲的？2. 土地的供給曲線及地租的決定第八章 市場失靈與微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策一、重點(diǎn)名詞外部經(jīng)濟(jì) 逆向選擇 公共物品二、重點(diǎn)掌握1外部性及解決對策。2. 科斯定理及其評述。第十章 簡單國民收入決定模型一、重點(diǎn)名詞 邊際消費(fèi)傾向

4、投資乘數(shù)二、重點(diǎn)掌握1短期消費(fèi)曲線與長期消費(fèi)曲線的異同。2投資乘數(shù)形成的原因、作用、發(fā)揮作用的條件、及其計(jì)算公式。第十二章 總需求與總供給模型一、重點(diǎn)名詞 總需求 總供給 二、重點(diǎn)掌握1總需求曲線為什么向右下方傾斜2總供給曲線的種類及其特點(diǎn)。第十三章 失業(yè)與通貨膨脹一、重點(diǎn)名詞失業(yè)率 通貨膨脹 滯漲二、重點(diǎn)掌握1失業(yè)的含義、種類及對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響2通貨膨脹的種類、成因及對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響。第十四章 財(cái)政理論與政策一、重點(diǎn)名詞財(cái)政政策 政府購買支出乘數(shù) 轉(zhuǎn)移支付乘數(shù) 稅收乘數(shù)二、重點(diǎn)掌握1財(cái)政政策的內(nèi)容。2. 政府購買支出乘數(shù)與轉(zhuǎn)移支付乘數(shù)的區(qū)別。3自動(dòng)穩(wěn)定器的作用及其波動(dòng)的意義。第十五章 貨幣理

5、論與政策一、重點(diǎn)名詞貨幣政策 公開市場業(yè)務(wù) 再貼現(xiàn)二、重點(diǎn)掌握1公開市場業(yè)務(wù)的含義及應(yīng)用。2再貼現(xiàn)的含義及應(yīng)用3存款準(zhǔn)備率的含義及應(yīng)用。4.貨幣政策的內(nèi)容及應(yīng)用第十六章 國際貿(mào)易理論與對外經(jīng)濟(jì)政策一、重點(diǎn)名詞經(jīng)濟(jì)開放度 國際收支平衡表二、重點(diǎn)掌握1資源稟賦理論。2. 對外貿(mào)易乘數(shù)及其作用的局限性。論述題：微觀第五章、宏觀第十章、第十三章、第十四章、第十五章 、第十六章請您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a tr

6、ip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese請您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the

7、large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places.

8、 Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Las

9、t year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There i

10、s always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recom

11、mended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan s

12、till embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Wi

13、nter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large f

14、orest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environ

15、ment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footpr

16、ints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonde

17、r. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque

18、Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chine

19、se remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowhe

20、rd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulan

21、g to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the ey

22、es of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hid

23、e into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated hus

24、band from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be.

25、The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs I

26、n bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats

27、on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been

28、 handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about the

29、ir home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentines Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shin

30、ing bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentines Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends,

31、 or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibi

32、tion that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian

33、 continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when

34、he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass be

35、tween us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of

36、few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It

37、 was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him an

38、d some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously. And he fixe

39、d it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my

40、 life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together. Some p

41、eople say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and whats worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage. It seems

42、that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each others face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning. But after almost 4 years from now, I do not feel any negative change in our relationship. During all these years, we know each other better and we become more tolerant about each other and I realize that if you really love a person you will accept his imperfect. And what is the qualification of a good husband? Once I was chatting with my colleague about this issue. An