高中英語句子成分和簡(jiǎn)單句的5種基本句型

1、高中英語句子成分和簡(jiǎn)單句的5種基本句型句子成分組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分它包括主，謂，賓，賓補(bǔ)，表（直賓，間賓），定，狀主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。 表語，賓語和賓補(bǔ)是謂語里的組成部分。 定語和狀語是句子的次要部分。句子成分的構(gòu)成句子的主干成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語句子的次要成分：定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、插入語、同位語主語1. 主語是謂語講述的對(duì)象。2. 表示所說的“是什麼”，“是誰”，3. 一般由名詞，代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)。4. 它在句首。 We study in No. 7 Middle School. The classroom is very clean. To teach

2、 them English is my job. Surfing, diving and swimming are all water sports.謂語1. 說明主語“做什麼”，“是什麼”，或“怎麼樣”。2. 必須用動(dòng)詞。3. 和主語在人稱，數(shù)兩個(gè)方面必須一致（主謂一致）。4. 在主語后面。 His parents are doctors. She looks well. We study hard. We have finished reading the book. He can speak English.表語1. 說明主語“怎麼樣”，或“是什麼” 。2. 位于在be動(dòng)詞, 系動(dòng)詞后面

3、。 You look younger than before. I am a teacher. Everybody is here. My job is to teach them English. They are at home now.系動(dòng)詞（必背）be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看/感覺/嘗/聞/聽起來(上去) 感官動(dòng)詞become / turn / get / grow / 變得 賓語1. 是動(dòng)作，行為的對(duì)象。2. 由名，代，或相當(dāng)于名詞的

4、詞，短語來?yè)?dān)任。3. 它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做什麼。4. 在謂語(及物動(dòng)詞后，)之后。分為直接賓語和間接賓語。 She is playing the piano. He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞是后面可以直接跟賓語的動(dòng)詞: see / hear / drank / eat / I saw him last week.We heard the bad news yesterday.They eat bread every day.He dr

5、ank a glass of milk just now.不及物動(dòng)詞是后面不可以直接跟賓語的動(dòng)詞: laugh / smile / look / listen / She smiled happily.They laughed loudly. 如果要加賓語,就要靠一個(gè)介詞來幫助:She look at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.They laughed at us after the match. 定語用來修飾名詞或代詞。定語起類似于形容詞的修飾作用， The black bike is mine.

6、 What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade Two. I have something to do. 狀語1. 修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞, 狀語類似于副詞 。2. 一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，目的，方式，程度等意義。3. 一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmat

7、es, I must study hard.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本類型英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句*幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句用分號(hào)或并列連詞連接起來構(gòu)成并列句;*幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句可通過各種方式組合成含有主句和從句 的復(fù)合句。簡(jiǎn)單句 簡(jiǎn)單句的五種句型1）SV 主語謂語eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died.2) SVP 主語謂語表語eg. The plan sounds perfect. Frank is an artist.3) SVO 主語謂語賓語eg. I saw a bird. My sister enjoyed the play.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種句型

8、4）SVOiOd 主語謂語+間接賓語直接賓語eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a bicycle.5) SVOC 主語謂語賓語補(bǔ)語eg. They called him a fool. She found the children fast asleep.*在閱讀句子的時(shí)候，第一個(gè)任務(wù)就是要找到謂語!*做謂語的動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和數(shù)的變化；還有及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別。 基本句型1 + （主謂） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。

9、（不及物動(dòng)詞）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We all 5. Everbody 6. I 7. They 8. He flies. rose. cook. eat, and drink.laughed? woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday 基本句型2 + + （主系表） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。（系動(dòng)詞）1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Ev

10、erything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(聞)fell looks is is becometurned an English-Chinese dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 基本句型3 + + （主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞） 1. Who

11、 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 基本句型4 + +IO + （主謂間賓直賓）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。She lent me a book.-She

12、 lent a book to me. He bought me a new bike.-He bought a new bike for me.（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to

13、 run the machine. that the bus was late. 基本句型5 + + + （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。（及物）（賓語）（賓補(bǔ)）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green

14、. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 主謂間賓直賓 & 主謂賓賓補(bǔ) 的比較賓語和賓補(bǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系； 雙賓語沒有。 He made the boy laugh. He gave me a book. He calls me Tom. She bought me a pen. We sent them a telegram. 賓語和賓補(bǔ)雙賓語賓語和賓補(bǔ)賓語和賓補(bǔ)雙賓語典型例題分析1.They work hard. 主 + 謂 (狀）2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表3.P

15、lants need water. 主 + 謂 + 賓4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 謂 + 間賓+ 直賓5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 謂 （狀）7. We must keep our classroom clean. 主+ 謂+ 賓+ 賓補(bǔ)8. After work he always feels a little tired. （狀） 主+ （狀） 系+ （定） 表9. They laughed at us aft

16、er the match. 主+ 謂 賓（狀）10. She told me a story. 主 謂間賓直賓實(shí)際應(yīng)用II. Choose the best answers：_ some of this juiceperhaps youll like it. A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried實(shí)際應(yīng)用 I2. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope實(shí)際應(yīng)用I3. _ late in the morning,

17、 Bob turned off the alarm. A. Sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having slept實(shí)際應(yīng)用I4. _ at the door before entering, please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 實(shí)際應(yīng)用I5. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give實(shí)際應(yīng)用I6. The manager, _ his factorys prod

18、ucts were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known 實(shí)際應(yīng)用I7. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest

19、 實(shí)際應(yīng)用I8. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 實(shí)際應(yīng)用I9. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. t

20、o smell B. smelling C. smell D. to be smelt實(shí)際應(yīng)用I10. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes, _ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 實(shí)際應(yīng)用I11. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pict

21、ures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed實(shí)際應(yīng)用IIII. Correct the mistakes in the sentences. (Each sentence has only one mistake.)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. to2. He said he was

22、 busy. That is, a game of tennis making him very busy. made實(shí)際應(yīng)用II3. Remembering not to shout at them. Remember4. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. when5. I was so tired that I felt asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 實(shí)際應(yīng)用II6. The main problem was in that I always

23、 thought in Chinese. 7. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. it8. Clever as she is, but she works very hard. 實(shí)際應(yīng)用II9. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls. and girls. giving lessons to lovely boys11. I know there is not ea

24、sy to be a teacher. it10. At weekends, we would play basket ball, swimming in the pool or go for a picnic. swim一. 利用考生思維定勢(shì)，通過從句對(duì)句子進(jìn)行分隔。1. Mr. Li made up his mind to devote all he could _ his oral English before going abroad. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving2. The letter I was lo

25、oking forward to _ at last. A. arrived B. arrive C. arriving D. have arrivedDA二. 將句子變?yōu)橐蓡柧浠蚋袊@句，造成句子中動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的分隔。3. Whom do you want to have _ the parts of the car together? A. fix B. to fix C. fixing D. fixed4. What have I said _ you angry? A. made B. make C. to make D. making5. You can never imagine wha

26、t great difficulty I have _ your house. A. found B. finding C. to find D. for findingACB三. 相似結(jié)構(gòu)混在一起，形成對(duì)句子的分隔。6. It was in the house _ he used to live that the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. which D. there四. 在主謂之間加入介詞短語。7. I think Tom, together with you, _. A. be blamed B. is to blame C. ar

27、e to be blamed D. are to blameAB五. 固定搭配被其它詞隔開。8. We waited _ line for the bus. A. for B. in C. on D. withB六. 添上插入語。9. He has written another scientific report, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think it is B. which I think is C. I think it is D. I think which is10. We havent heard from Ja

28、ne for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happenedBC七.同位語從句的中心名詞與從句被其它成分分隔。11. The secret spread out very quickly in the town _ he will be headmaster of our school. A. where B. in that C. that D. which 八. 用倒裝句引起分隔現(xiàn)象。12. He found on the

29、table next to the armchair _ two pipes, some tobacco and a box of matches. A. was B. is C. are D. wereCD九. 復(fù)合謂語被分隔。復(fù)合謂語被分隔指謂語部分的助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與主要?jiǎng)釉~被分隔的現(xiàn)象。例如:13. An awful accident _, however, occur the other day.A. does B. did C. has to D. had toB鞏固練習(xí)：1. Bruce spent as much time as he _ over his lesson

30、s. A. could go B. could going C. could to go D. went2. A book, as well as a pen and a magazine, _ been left in the reading room. A. have B. are C. has D. isBC3. Who did the manager _ the work? -Maybe _ of the two men. A. have do; the taller B. have done; the older C. have to do; the younger D. let do; taller4. Mrs. Brown was much disappoi