第5模塊-書(shū)面表達(dá)-文體及題型指導(dǎo)

1、2012屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)精品課件（湖北專(zhuān)用）：第5模塊 書(shū)面表達(dá) 文體及題型指導(dǎo)專(zhuān)題一記敘文型書(shū)面表達(dá)專(zhuān)題一記敘文型書(shū)面表達(dá) 專(zhuān)題導(dǎo)讀英語(yǔ)記敘文的書(shū)面表達(dá)一般要求考生根據(jù)所給的情景組織語(yǔ)言材料。要想高分完卷， 必須注意：1作文前要根據(jù)要求或暗示確定好用什么人稱(chēng)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)， 英語(yǔ)記敘文要以“第一人稱(chēng)(I /we)和第三人稱(chēng)(He/ She/ It/ They)”展開(kāi)敘述。第一人稱(chēng)是從“參與者”的角度進(jìn)行敘述；第三人稱(chēng)是以“觀(guān)察者”的身份展開(kāi)敘述。要就事論事， 不要畫(huà)蛇添足， 節(jié)外生枝。2交代清楚記敘文寫(xiě)作的基本要素：人物(who/whom)、時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、事由(what

2、)、原因(why)。注意從具體的材料中提煉中心， 并根據(jù)中心思想選擇材料， 合理安排情節(jié)， 注意寫(xiě)作的順序以及記敘的詳略。 3注意選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)和敘述的方法。記敘文一般是敘述已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情， 因此其基本時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。其記敘的順序包括：(1)以時(shí)間為線(xiàn)索， 按時(shí)間的順序展開(kāi)。常用的話(huà)語(yǔ)標(biāo)志有：afterwards, at the same time, first, then, next, finally, soon, immediately, following等。(2)以地點(diǎn)為線(xiàn)索， 以地點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移為順序。(3)以事件的發(fā)展為線(xiàn)索， 或以人物的出現(xiàn)先后展開(kāi)。4記敘事情時(shí)， 要注意主題鮮

3、明突出， 內(nèi)容感人深刻。寫(xiě)人時(shí)， 要抓住典型事例、典型行動(dòng)和表現(xiàn)。對(duì)中心事件和最能表現(xiàn)中心思想的地方， 要詳細(xì)敘述；次要的東西就少寫(xiě)或不寫(xiě)。真題典例2011北京卷 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二(1)班的學(xué)生李華。下面四幅圖描述了近期發(fā)生在你們班的一個(gè)真實(shí)故事，請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖片的先后順序，為?？坝⒄Z(yǔ)園地”寫(xiě)一篇短文。詞數(shù)不少于60。One possible version：Last Monday, we were having our Chinese class when the teacher suddenly slipped and fell. We were all worried about her

4、. One of the boys carried her on the back, with the help of some others, to the clinic immediately. It turned out that her right leg was broken and she had to stay in the hospital. The following day, we went to visit her with flowers and fruit. Seeing her lying in bed with her leg wrapped in bandage

5、s, we felt sorry for her and hoped that she would recover soon. This Thursday she returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons. We were all deeply moved and proud of having such a responsible teacher. 新題預(yù)測(cè) (一) 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三(1)班的李華， 上周六在頤和園做了一件好事救了一名落水兒童。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序， 寫(xiě)一篇英文周記， 敘述事情發(fā)生的全過(guò)程并簡(jiǎn)要

6、談?wù)勛约旱母惺堋Ｗ⒁猓?.周記的開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好(不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。2.詞數(shù)：100左右。It was sunny last Saturday. I went to the Summer Palace to spend my weekend as usual._ One possible version：It was sunny last Saturday.I went to the Summer Palace to spend my weekend as usual.At about noon，I was enjoying my reading in a pavilion near a lake

7、 when suddenly I heard someone crying for help.I jumped up to see what was happening and was shocked by the scene.In the distance a little kid was struggling in the water，while many people were standing by without doing anything.Believe it or not，I even heard some people say that it was none of thei

8、r business and it was freezing cold after all.Without hesitation，I pushedthrough the crowd as I took off my coat，and jumped into the water quickly.Cold as the water was，I managed to reach him and held him back to the bank.To my great relief，the kid was saved in time.I was proud of what I had done.I

9、hope everyone can give a hand when someone else is in need. (二)今年4月14號(hào)， 北京的部分高校開(kāi)展了校園開(kāi)放日活動(dòng)， 你和你的父母前往一所你向往的大學(xué)參觀(guān)咨詢(xún)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面四幅圖的先后順序， 寫(xiě)一篇英文日記， 敘述你們這一天的活動(dòng)及感受。注意：1日記的開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；2詞數(shù)不少于100。April 14SaturdaySunnyToday some universities were open to the public._ One possible version：April 14 SaturdaySundayTod

10、ay some universities were open to the public.Its a good chance for me to know more about my dream university.So, I，accompanied by my parents，went to Peking University.Early in the morning，we arrived there excitedly.To our surprise，many students had already been there.Directly we went to the stands w

11、here teachers and voluntary students of different departments made introduction and answered questions.Since Iintend to choose English as my major，we spent lots of time asking the teachers for detailed information and advice.I was deeply impressed by the wonderful courses and learned professors.Then

12、 we were attracted by the stands of various clubs.It was really amazing that they have organized such colorful activities I just cant wait for such a wonderful college life!Inspired by what I saw during the day，I am determined to try my best to get admitted to the university.專(zhuān)題二議論文型書(shū)面表達(dá) 專(zhuān)題導(dǎo)讀議論文是高考英語(yǔ)

13、試卷中最?？疾榈奈捏w之一。一般選取考生所熟悉的社會(huì)上的熱點(diǎn)和焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題， 通過(guò)剖析事物來(lái)論述事理、發(fā)表意見(jiàn)或提出主張。在具體的寫(xiě)作中要求通過(guò)擺事實(shí)、講道理、辨是非等方式來(lái)確定其觀(guān)點(diǎn)的正確或錯(cuò)誤， 樹(shù)立或否定某種觀(guān)點(diǎn)或主張。近幾年的高考書(shū)面表達(dá)中， 議論文的命題形式是以文字提綱、圖畫(huà)和表格的方式來(lái)呈現(xiàn)寫(xiě)作材料的。寫(xiě)作方法主要是三段式作文法。所謂三段式作文法， 就是將一篇書(shū)面表達(dá)按三段的寫(xiě)作模式布局謀篇， 即開(kāi)頭、正文、結(jié)尾。三段式寫(xiě)作模式思路清晰， 結(jié)構(gòu)分明， 是考生提高自己作文檔次的最佳選擇。 (1)第一段開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山直奔主題， 提出要解決的問(wèn)題或觀(guān)點(diǎn)， 或者交代清楚時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、做什么。 (2

14、)第二段擺出事實(shí)或提出論據(jù)， 或者把事情發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)詳細(xì)寫(xiě)出來(lái)。該部分條理要清楚， 過(guò)渡要自然， 也就是評(píng)分細(xì)則所要求的“有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分， 使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，完全達(dá)到預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的”。 為了迅速把握句與句、段與段的連接方式， 很有必要熟記各種表示邏輯意義的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)。(3)最后一段， 得出結(jié)論。可以有三種方式：重復(fù)中心思想， 回到文章開(kāi)頭提出的中心思想或主題上， 達(dá)到再次肯定和強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。引用。用格言或名人名言總結(jié)全文， 既言簡(jiǎn)意賅，又有較強(qiáng)的說(shuō)服力。得出結(jié)論。文章最后用幾句話(huà)概括全文內(nèi)容， 并進(jìn)一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)。寫(xiě)此類(lèi)文體可以遵循如下的寫(xiě)作模板：模板1.1：觀(guān)點(diǎn)對(duì)比T

15、he topic about is becoming more and more popular in our school recently. There are two kinds of opinions about it.Some students prefer to consider doing sth. (Some students say is their favorite.) They think that_理由一_. Whats more, _理由二_Moreover, _理由三_However, others believe is a better choice for th

16、ree reasons. To begin with, _理由一_Next，In addition, From my point of view, the former is surely a wise choice. The reason is that(或者用：As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that)模板7：說(shuō)明利弊題型這種題型往往要求先說(shuō)明一下現(xiàn)狀， 再對(duì)比事物本身的利弊， 有時(shí)也會(huì)單從一個(gè)角度(利或弊)出發(fā)， 最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度(或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A(yù)測(cè))。1說(shuō)明事物現(xiàn)狀；2.事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)(或一方面)

17、；3.你對(duì)現(xiàn)狀(或前景)的看法。真題典例2011江西卷 假設(shè)你是星光中學(xué)的李華，將參加主題為“Lets Ride Bicycles”的英語(yǔ)演講比賽。請(qǐng)撰寫(xiě)一份演講稿，主要內(nèi)容包括：1目前汽車(chē)帶來(lái)的空氣污染和交通堵塞等問(wèn)題；2騎自行車(chē)的益處，如節(jié)能環(huán)保、有利健康等。參考詞匯：低碳生活(lowcarbon life)；節(jié)能(energy saving)注意：1詞數(shù)：120詞左右；2演講稿開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，請(qǐng)將其抄寫(xiě)在答題卡上且該部分不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Good morning，everyone，I_am_Li_Hua_from_Xingguang_Middle_School.The_topic_of_m

18、y_speech_is_“Lets_Ride_Bicycles”_Thank_you!One possible version：Good morning，everyone，I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School.The topic of my speech is “Lets Ride Bicycles”As is known to all，with the improvement of peoples living standards，cars have become a popular means of transport，bringing grea

19、t convenience to our life.However，they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.How can we solve the problems then？As far as Im concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.For one thing，bicycles dont need any petrol and they are energysaving.For another，bicycles are env

20、ironmentally friendly because they wont give off waste gas.Whats more，riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.Therefore，lets take the responsibility to build up a lowcarbon city by riding bicycles.Come on and join us!Thank you!新題預(yù)測(cè) (一)你們班會(huì)的討論主題是“上大學(xué)是高中生唯一的

21、出路嗎？”請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面圖表及漢語(yǔ)提示， 寫(xiě)一篇短文， 并闡述你的個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn)。注意：1詞數(shù)100左右；2開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好(不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。參考要點(diǎn)：1增長(zhǎng)學(xué)識(shí)， 提高素養(yǎng)， 利于擇業(yè)；2成功的路不止一條；3學(xué)費(fèi)高， 就業(yè)難。參考詞匯：tuition n. 學(xué)費(fèi)qualities n. 素養(yǎng) Is It the Only Way Out to Go to College?We had a discussion about _ One possible version：Is It the Only Way Out to Go to College?We had a discussion about w

22、hether it is the only way out for senior students to go to college. Views vary from person to person.The majority/Sixty percent of us consider it very necessary to go to college. They think it can widen their knowledge and improve their qualities. Only in this way can they find better jobs after gra

23、duation. Very few students/Ten percent of the students think it no usegoing to college, because the tuition is too high for their family to afford. Whats more, its rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs. Thirty percent of the students, however, believe “All roads lead to Rome”.

24、Therefore it doesnt make any difference whether they go to college or not.In my opinion, we should receive a better education at college so that we can serve our motherland. (二)假設(shè)你班最近舉行了一次班會(huì)， 討論怎樣使英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)變成一件快樂(lè)的事。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表所提示的信息， 為某英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)站寫(xiě)一篇短文， 談?wù)勀銈兊挠懻撉闆r并提出你的建議。注意：1對(duì)所給要點(diǎn)逐一陳述， 適當(dāng)發(fā)揮， 不要簡(jiǎn)單翻譯；2詞數(shù)150左右。開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)寫(xiě)好， 不

25、計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；3作文中不得提及考生所在學(xué)校和本人姓名。參考詞匯：interact adj.互動(dòng)的Recently we had a discussion on how to make learning English relaxing and fun._ One possible version：Recently, we had a discussion on how to make learning English relaxing and fun. Most students believe that there are many ways to do so. First of all, w

26、e can have more interactive activities in class, such as discussions, interviews, storytelling and roleplay. In this way, we can have more fun learning English. Secondly, we can take part in more outofclass activities like English speech contests and English evenings. Through these activities we can

27、 improve our English skills in an easy and relaxing way. Thirdly, we need to find moreopportunities to communicate with people in English, whether they are English teachers or classmates, foreigners or Chinese, because using English is the best way to improve it. These ideas sound reasonable and pra

28、ctical. From my experience, there are many other interesting and relaxing ways. For example, we can listen to English songs and watch English movies. We can also watch English programs on TV, join English clubs or make English penfriends on the Internet. All in all, what we need is more free time an

29、d more space.專(zhuān)題三說(shuō)明文型書(shū)面表達(dá) 專(zhuān)題導(dǎo)讀說(shuō)明文是以說(shuō)明為主要表達(dá)方式， 要求用簡(jiǎn)潔明快的語(yǔ)言來(lái)解說(shuō)事物、闡明事理， 從而給讀者提供知識(shí)的一種文體。近幾年高考說(shuō)明文多數(shù)以圖表、表格或文字的形式給出提示， 并往往融合在應(yīng)用文體中進(jìn)行考查， 一般分為：場(chǎng)所路線(xiàn)介紹；事物介紹；方式、方法或計(jì)劃、安排介紹三大類(lèi)。在寫(xiě)作時(shí)要求語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)明扼要， 通俗易懂， 說(shuō)明過(guò)程講究層次性和條理性。寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意： 1. 要注意寫(xiě)作順序。要特別講究文章的層次和條理， 能反映客觀(guān)事物本身邏輯順序。對(duì)于不同的說(shuō)明對(duì)象， 在組織結(jié)構(gòu)上可按時(shí)間、空間、結(jié)構(gòu)、工藝程序、計(jì)劃安排等順序來(lái)寫(xiě)。2. 注意說(shuō)明方法?？刹捎门e

30、例、比較、對(duì)比分析、敘述等方式來(lái)描述， 可采取先舉例后總結(jié)或者先總結(jié)后舉例的結(jié)構(gòu)模式。不需要發(fā)表主張， 抒發(fā)個(gè)人情感。3. 這種文體通常用第三人稱(chēng)， 時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。真題典例2011江蘇卷 下面這幅照片展現(xiàn)了女兒為回家的媽媽拿包的情景。請(qǐng)根據(jù)你對(duì)這幅照片的理解用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文。你的短文應(yīng)包含以下內(nèi)容：1. 描述照片內(nèi)容，如情景、人物、動(dòng)作，等等；2. 結(jié)合自身實(shí)際，談?wù)勀愕母邢耄?. 舉例說(shuō)明你能為家長(zhǎng)減負(fù)做些什么。注意：1. 可參照?qǐng)D中文字及下面文章開(kāi)頭所給提示，作必要的發(fā)揮想象。2. 詞數(shù)150左右。開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。3. 作文中不得提及考生所在學(xué)校和本人姓名。The bu

31、rden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own children._One possible version：The burden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own chi

32、ldren.The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mom. Realizing her mom must be very tired after a days work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder. In response, the mom kneels down to show how happy and thankful she feels.專(zhuān)題三 真題典例All this remin

33、ds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she could to let me have the best. But, totally engaged in my own study, I seldom pay attention to what mother needs and feels，and always think studying well is the only thing I could do in return. Now I know I can do my bit to help with the everyday wa

34、shing, bedroom cleaning, or at least prepare breakfast myself, so as to share mothers daily burden. The picture convinces me it is even more important to be a good daughter than a “good” student.新題預(yù)測(cè) (一)假定你是李華， 準(zhǔn)備參加學(xué)校舉辦的主題為“How to protect ourselves in the school？”的英語(yǔ)征文比賽。請(qǐng)按要求寫(xiě)一篇短文， 主要內(nèi)容包括：在學(xué)校發(fā)生地震或火災(zāi)

35、時(shí)， 我們應(yīng)該如何保護(hù)自己？要求：1只選其中一種突發(fā)災(zāi)害闡述自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)；2至少寫(xiě)出三點(diǎn)措施；3可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)， 以使行文連貫。注意：1. 詞數(shù)120左右；2. 開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)為你寫(xiě)好， 不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Life is not easy. As a student, we should learn how to protect ourselves in the school. When _范文1：Life is not easy. As a student, we should learn how to protect ourselves in the school. When an earthqua

36、ke happens, first we should calm down, which is the most important. Shouting and crying is of no use. Follow the teachers guidance and keep our actions in order. Second, hide beneath our desks with the schoolbags on our heads if we are in class. That can keep us a little safer. Be sure not to jump o

37、ff the building. Third, if we are on the playground, dont move. Sit on our feet and use hands to cover our heads so that they can be keptfrom being hit on. At last, help each other. Faced with natural disaster, individual power is tiny. Only by uniting can we overcome the difficulties. These are my

38、suggestions. Keep them in mind and maybe some day we can survive in case of an earthquake!范文2：Life is not easy. As a student, we should learn how to protect ourselves in the school. When a fire breaks out, dont forget to call 119 for help and tell the police the detailed address so that the firefigh

39、ters can get there in time. Then we should try to find a safe exit to escape. Never take a lift because the electricity may be cut off if there is a fire; otherwise we will be trapped in the lift. Next, if we can not find the way out, just stay in a room. Dont open any hot door but stay close to the

40、 floor! As we all know, smoke can be more dangerous than fire. In many cases, the air near the floor is fresher. If possible, try to cover our mouths with wet towels to prevent taking too much heavy smoke and wait for rescue. These are my suggestions. Keep them in mind and maybe some day we can surv

41、ive in case of a sudden fire! (二)假如你是王文， 住在銀川。請(qǐng)你介紹你的家鄉(xiāng)銀川的情況， 其中須包括下表中的內(nèi)容。注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右， 信的開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好， 不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。2. 參考詞匯： economy n經(jīng)濟(jì) Id like to tell something about my hometown Yinchuan. One possible version：Id like to tell something about my hometown Yinchuan. The city stands on the bank of the Huanghe R

42、iver. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and he

43、avy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Yinchuan should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that well have a better hometown in future. 專(zhuān)題四應(yīng)用文型書(shū)面表達(dá) 專(zhuān)題導(dǎo)讀應(yīng)用文是高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)最常見(jiàn)的一種考查體裁。它接近考生的生活實(shí)際， 易于表達(dá)， 能充分考查考生的寫(xiě)作水平。其內(nèi)容常

44、以解說(shuō)事物為主， 要求把事物的性質(zhì)、對(duì)象、目的、發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)等情況表達(dá)清楚， 使讀者對(duì)此事物有一個(gè)完整、準(zhǔn)確的了解。常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用文有書(shū)信(包括電子郵件)、通知、日記、便條、啟事、演講稿等， 其中以書(shū)信最為常見(jiàn)。書(shū)信一般可分為兩大類(lèi)：商業(yè)書(shū)信和私人書(shū)信。從內(nèi)容上看書(shū)信的種類(lèi)很多， 主要包括致歉信、致謝信、筆友信、慰問(wèn)信、投訴信、邀請(qǐng)信、介紹信、自薦信、求職信、讀者請(qǐng)求的解答信及答復(fù)讀者的信等。目前高考應(yīng)用文的考查一般是提供簡(jiǎn)單的格式， 不需要考生在格式上多動(dòng)腦筋， 因此考生只需把主要精力投入到行文中即可。在應(yīng)用文的寫(xiě)作中應(yīng)注意：1. 力求語(yǔ)言使用平實(shí)、簡(jiǎn)潔、準(zhǔn)確， 突出實(shí)用性， 句子不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)，

45、 這樣讀者(或聽(tīng)眾)就可以快速捕捉到文章表達(dá)的基本信息， 如：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、參加人、理由或者是活動(dòng)內(nèi)容等。2根據(jù)不同的文體采用不同的人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)， 如日記一般用過(guò)去時(shí)， 通知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)等。真題典例2011遼寧卷 假定你是李華，將于今年七月從新星外語(yǔ)學(xué)校畢業(yè)。你從報(bào)紙上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘書(shū)，你很感興趣。請(qǐng)給該公司寫(xiě)一封求職信，包括下列要點(diǎn)：1年齡；2學(xué)習(xí)情況及英語(yǔ)水平；3興趣和特長(zhǎng)；4性格特點(diǎn)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)和結(jié)束語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好。June 8Dear Sir/Madam，I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary._One possible version：June 8Dear Sir/Madam，I learned fro