Specialized-English完整版電子教案最全ppt整本書課件全套教學(xué)教程(最新)

1、Specialized English onCommunication Electronics 目 錄Chapter1 Electronic Technology FundamentalsChapter2 Measuring Instrument and Usage Chapter3 Communications Chapter4 Computer and Network Chapter1 Electronic Technology Fundamentals Unit 1 Basic Concepts of Circuit TheoryUnit 5 AmplifierUnit 4 Transi

2、stors Unit 3 DiodesandDiodeCircuitsUnit 2 Circuit Components and Theirs SymbolsUnit 6 Operational AmplifiersUnit 7 Logic GateUnit 8 Integrated Circuits (chips) Basic Concepts of Circuit Theory Voltage and current are vital to understanding electronics, but they are quite hard to grasp because we can

3、t see them directly. 電壓和電流對于電子學(xué)的理解和掌握是非常重要的，但是由于它們不可直接觀察到，因而要理解和掌握它們是非常困難的。 Basic Concepts of Circuit Theory Voltage attempts to make a current flow, and current will flow if the circuit is complete. Voltage is sometimes described as the push or force of the electricity, it isnt really a force but t

4、his may help you to imagine what is happening. It is possible to have voltage without current, but current cannot flow without voltage.電壓促使電流能夠流動，如果電路是完整的回路，那么電流就能夠流動了。電壓有時(shí)被描述成電流的推動力，事實(shí)上電壓并不是一個(gè)力，但這種描述能夠幫助你更好的理解電壓是怎么回事。沒有電流電壓可單獨(dú)存在，但沒有電壓就不可能存在電流。 Voltage, VVoltage is a measure of the energy carried by

5、 the charge. Strictly: voltage is the energy per unit charge. The proper name for voltage is potential difference or p.d. for short, but this term is rarely used in electronics. Voltage is supplied by the battery (or power supply). 電壓是對電荷所帶能量大小的一個(gè)衡量。嚴(yán)格的講：電壓表示了每單位電荷的能量。電壓的準(zhǔn)確名稱是電勢或簡稱為p.d，但在電子學(xué)中很少使用這個(gè)名

6、稱。電壓由電池（或電源）提供。 Voltage, VVoltage is used up in components, but not in wires. We say voltage across a component. Voltage is measured in volts, V. Voltage is measured with a voltmeter, connected in parallel. The symbol V is used for voltage in equations. 電壓將被消耗在元件上，而不是導(dǎo)線上。我們說電壓存在于元件兩端。電壓的單位是伏特，V.電壓用并

7、聯(lián)在電路中的電壓表（如圖1.1）來測量.在方程中電壓是用符號V來表示的。 Voltage, VVoltage at a point and 0V (zero volts)Voltage is a difference between two points, but in electronics we often refer to voltage at a point meaning the voltage difference between that point and a reference point of 0V (zero volts).某一點(diǎn)上的電壓和零電壓電壓是指兩點(diǎn)間的一個(gè)電勢差

8、，但在電子學(xué)中我們經(jīng)常提到的某一點(diǎn)上的電壓其實(shí)是指這點(diǎn)和零電壓參考點(diǎn)之間的一個(gè)電勢差。 Voltage, VZero volts could be any point in the circuit, but to be consistent it is normally the negative terminal of the battery or power supply. You will often see circuit diagrams labelled with 0V as a reminder. 電路中的任何一點(diǎn)都可為零電壓點(diǎn)，但為了保持一致我們通常把電池或電源的負(fù)端作為零電壓點(diǎn)

9、。你經(jīng)常會看到電路圖中標(biāo)有0V字樣的提示。 Voltage, VYou may find it helpful to think of voltage like height in geography. The reference point of zero height is the mean (average) sea level and all heights are measured from that point. The zero volts in an electronic circuit is like the mean sea level in geography. 為了便于

10、理解，你可把電壓看作地理中的海拔高度。0海拔高度的參考點(diǎn)通常是指平均海平面，所有的海拔高度都是從這點(diǎn)開始測量出的。電路中的零電壓就好比是地理中的平均海平面。 Voltage, VCurrent is the rate of flow of charge. Current is not used up, what flows into a component must flow out. We say current through a component. Current is measured in amps (amperes), A. A (1 amp) is quite a large

11、current for electronics, so mA (milliamps) are often used. m (milli) means thousandth: 1mA = 0.001A, or 1000mA = 1A 電流是電荷流動的速率;電流不會被消耗掉，電流流進(jìn)一個(gè)元件后還必須流出。;通常我們說電流流過一個(gè)元件;電流的單位是安培，A. 在電子學(xué)中，A(一個(gè)安培)是一個(gè)非常大的電流，因此我們經(jīng)常用mA(毫安)。M(毫)指“千分之一”：1mA = 0.001A, 或1000mA = 1A Voltage, VCurrent is measured with an ammeter,

12、 connected in series. To connect in series you must break the circuit and put the ammeter across the gap The symbol I is used for current in equations電流是將電流表串聯(lián)在電路中來測量的。為了將電流表串聯(lián)入電路，你必須首先將電路斷開，然后將電流表接入斷開處（如圖1.1所示）在方程中電流是用符號I來表示的 Voltage, V Series and Parallel ConnectionsThere are two ways of connectin

13、g components: In series(Fig.1.1) So that each component has the same current. The battery voltage is divided between the two lamps .Each lamp will have half the battery voltage if the lamps are identical. 串聯(lián)和并聯(lián)連接元件的連接方法有兩種：串聯(lián)連接（圖1.3）因此每個(gè)元件都具有相同的電流.電池的電壓被分配在兩個(gè)電燈上，如果兩個(gè)電燈是一樣的,那么每個(gè)電燈上的電壓將是電池電壓的一半。 Volta

14、ge, V In parallel（Fig.1.2）So that each component has the same voltage. Both lamps have the full battery voltage across them. The battery current is divided between the two lamps. 并聯(lián)連接（圖1.4）因此每個(gè)元件有相同的電壓。每個(gè)電燈兩端的電壓都是全額的電池電壓。電池的電流被分成兩部分，分別流過兩個(gè)電燈。 Voltage, VMost circuits contain a mixture of series and p

15、arallel connectionsThe terms series circuit and parallel circuit are sometimes used, but only the simplest of circuits are entirely one type or the other. It is better to refer to specific components and say they are connected in series or connected in parallel. 大多數(shù)電路包含了串聯(lián)和并聯(lián)混合連接。串聯(lián)電路和并聯(lián)電路這兩個(gè)詞有時(shí)會被用到

16、，但只有一些最簡單的電路才完全是串聯(lián)或并聯(lián)電路。最好是在提及某個(gè)特定元件時(shí)才說它們是串聯(lián)連接或并聯(lián)連接的。 Voltage, VAnalogue and Digital SystemsAnalogue systems process analogue signals which can take any value within a range, for example the output from an LDR (light sensor) or a microphone.模擬電路和數(shù)字電路模擬系統(tǒng)模擬系統(tǒng)處理的是模擬信號，而模擬信號在某一范圍內(nèi)可取任何值的信號，例如光敏電阻或麥克風(fēng)的輸出

17、。 Voltage, VAll electronic circuits suffer from noise which is unwanted signal mixed in with the desired signal, for example an audio amplifier may pick up some mains hum (the 50Hz frequency of the UK mains electricity supply)3. Noise can be difficult to eliminate from analogue signals because it ma

18、y be hard to distinguish from the desired signal.所有的電子電路都會受到噪聲的干擾，噪聲是混合在所需信號中的無用的信號，例如音頻放大器（英國主要的電源頻率為50Hz）。噪聲很難從模擬信號中去處，因?yàn)閷⑺c所需信號區(qū)別開是很困難的。 Voltage, VDigital systemsDigital systems process digital signals which can take only a limited number of values (discrete steps), usually just two values are us

19、ed: the positive supply voltage (+Vs) and zero volts (0V).數(shù)字系統(tǒng)數(shù)字系統(tǒng)處理的是數(shù)字信號，而數(shù)字信號只能取少數(shù)的幾個(gè)數(shù)值 （不連續(xù)的），通常只用兩個(gè)數(shù)值：正電源電壓（+Vs）和零電壓（0V）。 Voltage, VDigital systems contain devices such as logicgates, flip-flops, shift registers and counters. A computer is an example of a digital system. 數(shù)字系統(tǒng)包含的元件有：邏輯門，雙穩(wěn)態(tài)多諧振蕩器

20、，移位寄存器和計(jì)數(shù)器。計(jì)算機(jī)就是一個(gè)數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的例子。 Voltage, VLogic signals Most digital systems use the simplest possible type of signal which has just two values. This type of signal is called a logic signal because the two values (or states) can be called true and false. Normally the positive supply voltage +Vs represent

21、s true and 0V represents false. Other labels for the true and false states are shown in the table on the right. 邏輯信號大多數(shù)的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)使用只有兩個(gè)數(shù)值的最為簡單的類型的信號。這種信號稱為邏輯信號，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)值（或狀態(tài)）可被稱為邏輯真和邏輯假。一般正的電源電壓+Vs代表邏輯真而0V代表邏輯假。其他表示真和假的標(biāo)簽在右邊的表格中列了出來。 Voltage, VNoise is relatively easy to eliminate from digital signals becau

22、se it is easy to distinguish from the desired signal which can only have particular values. For example: if the signal is meant to be +5V (true) or 0V (false), noise of up to 2.5V can be eliminated by treating all voltages greater than 2.5V as true and all voltages less than 2.5V as false. 在數(shù)字電路中，噪聲

23、相對比較容易去除，因?yàn)橛杏眯盘栔挥行┨囟ǖ闹担栽肼暰秃苋菀着c有用信號區(qū)別開來了。例如：如果信號設(shè)置為+5V (真) 或 0V (假)，那么等于2.5V的噪聲就可以被去除，因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)會將所有大于2.5V的電壓作為真來處理，所有小于2.5V的電壓作為假來處理。 circuit components and theirs symbolsCircuit symbols are used in circuit diagrams which show how a circuit is connected together. The actual layout of the components is u

24、sually quite different from the circuit diagram. To build a circuit you need a different diagram showing the layout of the parts on printedcircuitboard.用來表示電路連接方式的電路圖中需使用電路符號。電路元件的實(shí)際布局與電路圖有很大差異的。為了構(gòu)建一個(gè)電路，你需要有一個(gè)能夠反應(yīng)元件在印制板電路板上布局的特殊圖紙 Circuit components and theirs symbolsWires and connectionsWire：To pa

25、ss current very easily from one part of a circuit to another.(Fig 1.3(a)Wires joined：A blob should be drawn where wires are connected (joined), but it is sometimes omitted1. Wires connected at crossroads should be staggered slightly to form two T-junctions, as shown in Fig1.3(b).電線與連接導(dǎo)線：讓電流可以順利的從電路的

26、一端流到另一端導(dǎo)線的連接點(diǎn)：在導(dǎo)線連接（結(jié)合）處需畫上一個(gè)圓點(diǎn)，但有時(shí)被省略。導(dǎo)線在交叉連接時(shí)，應(yīng)將其分成兩個(gè)T字型連接，錯(cuò)列地排開，如圖1.3所示。 circuit components and theirs symbolsPower SuppliesCell：Supplies electrical energy. The larger terminal (on the left) is positive (+).A single cell is often called a battery, but strictly a battery is two or more cells joine

27、d together.Battery：Supplies electrical energy. A battery is more than one cell.The larger terminal (on the left) is positive (+).電源原電池：提供電能。長的那端（左端）是正端（），單一的原電池又常稱為電池。但嚴(yán)格的講，電池應(yīng)該是兩個(gè)以上的原電池的組合。電池：提供電能。一個(gè)電池有多個(gè)原電池。長的那端（左端）是正端（）。 circuit components and theirs symbolsDC supply：Supplies electrical energy.DC

28、 = Direct Current, always flowing in one direction. AC supply：Supplies electrical energy.AC = Alternating Current, continually changing direction.Fuse：A safety device which will blow (melt) if the current flowing through it exceeds a specified value.直流電源：提供電能。DC直流電，總是在一個(gè)方向上流動。交流電源：提供電能。AC交流電，不斷的改變流動

29、方向。保險(xiǎn)絲：保護(hù)元件，當(dāng)流經(jīng)它的電流超過某一給定值時(shí)，它將被熔斷。 circuit components and theirs symbolsTransformer：Two coils of wire linked by an iron core. Transformers are used to step up (increase) and step down (decrease) AC voltages. Energy is transferred between the coils by the magnetic field in the core. There is no elect

30、rical connection between the coils.變壓器：通過鐵心來連接的兩個(gè)線圈。變壓器用來提高或降低交流電壓。線圈間能量的通過鐵心中的磁場來進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。線圈間不存在電氣的連接。 circuit components and theirs symbolsEarth(Ground)：A connection to earth. For many electronic circuits this is the 0V (zero volts) of the power supply, but for mains electricity and some radio circuit

31、s it really means the earth. It is also known as ground.接地：與地的連接。在許多電路中，這是電源的零電壓點(diǎn)，但在許多電氣和無線電電路中它就是真真的地。它也被稱為地。 circuit components and theirs symbolsOutput DevicesLamp：A transducer which converts electrical energy to light. Fig 1.5(a) symbol is used for a lamp which is an indicator, for example a war

32、ning light on a car dashboardHeater：A transducer which converts electrical energy to heat.輸出設(shè)備燈： 將電能轉(zhuǎn)換為光的變換設(shè)備。圖1.5a是指示燈的符號，如汽車儀表板上的警告燈。加熱器：將電能轉(zhuǎn)換為熱量的變換設(shè)備。 circuit components and theirs symbolsMotor：A transducer which converts electrical energy to kinetic energy (motion).Inductor：A coil of wire which

33、creates a magnetic field when current passes through it. It may have an iron core inside the coil. It can be used as a transducer converting electrical energy to mechanical energy by pulling on something.電機(jī)：將電能轉(zhuǎn)換為動能的變換設(shè)備。電感：一組線圈，當(dāng)電流流過它時(shí)，它能產(chǎn)生磁場。在線圈中可放置一個(gè)鐵心。這是個(gè)將電能轉(zhuǎn)換為磁場能的變換設(shè)備。 circuit components and th

34、eirs symbolsSwitchOn-Off Switch：SPST = Single Pole, Single ThrowAn on-off switch allows current to flow only when it is in the closed (on) position.Dual On-Off Switch：DPST = Double Pole, Single Throw.Reversing Switch：DPDT = Double Pole, Double Throw.開關(guān)通斷開關(guān)：單刀單擲(開關(guān))。通斷開關(guān)只有處在閉合狀態(tài)，才允許電流流過。兩通斷開關(guān)：雙刀單擲(開關(guān)

35、)轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)：雙刀雙擲(開關(guān)) circuit components and theirs symbolsRelay：An electrically operated switch, for example a 9V battery circuit connected to the coil can switch a 230V AC mains circuit.NO=NormallyOpen, COM=Common, NC=Normally Closed. (DPDT)繼電器：一個(gè)電氣開關(guān)。例如接9V電池電流的線圈可以控制主電路中230V的交流電。NO= 常開, COM=公共端, NC=常閉.

36、circuit components and theirs symbolsResistors，Capacitor，Diode，TransistorResistor：A resistor restricts the flow of current, for example to limit the current passing through an LED. A resistor is used with a capacitor in a timing circuit.電阻，電容，二極管，晶體管電阻器：電阻器限制電流的流量，例如限制流過發(fā)光二極管的電流。電阻和電容一齊被用在定時(shí)電路中。 cir

37、cuit components and theirs symbolsVariableResistor(Rheostat)：This type of variable resistor with 2 contacts (a rheostat) is usually used to control current. Examples include: adjusting lamp brightness, adjusting motor speed, and adjusting the rate of flow of charge into a capacitor in a timing circu

38、it?？勺冸娮杵鳎哼@種帶有兩個(gè)觸點(diǎn)的可變電阻（可變電阻器）通常用來控制電流。例子有：調(diào)整電燈的亮度，調(diào)整電機(jī)的速度，調(diào)整定時(shí)電路中電容上的電荷流動速率。 circuit components and theirs symbolsVariableResistor(Potentiometer): This type of variable resistor with 3 contacts (a potentiometer) is usually used to control voltage. It can be used like this as a transducer converting

39、position (angle of the control spindle) to an electrical signal.(可變電阻器)電位計(jì), 分壓計(jì):這種帶有三個(gè)觸點(diǎn)的可變電阻（電位計(jì), 分壓計(jì)）通常用來控制電壓。它可用來作為一個(gè)變換器，將位置信號轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娦盘枴?circuit components and theirs symbolsCapacitor：A capacitor stores electric charge. A capacitor is used with a resistor in a timing circuit. It can also be used as

40、a filter, to block DC signals but pass AC signals.Diode：A device which only allows current to flow in one direction.電容：電容可存儲電荷。電容與電阻一齊被用在定時(shí)電路中。它同時(shí)可以作為一個(gè)濾波器，讓直流電不能通過，交流電可以通過。二極管：只允許電流在一個(gè)方向上流動的元件。 circuit components and theirs symbolsLEDLightEmittingDiode：A transducer which converts electrical energy

41、to light.Zener Diode：A special diode which is used to maintain a fixed voltage across its terminals.Photodiode：A light-sensitive diode發(fā)光二極管：將電能轉(zhuǎn)換為光的變換設(shè)備穩(wěn)壓二極管：一個(gè)特殊的二極管，使并聯(lián)在它端上的電壓穩(wěn)定在一個(gè)固定值上。光敏二極管：一個(gè)感光的二極管。 circuit components and theirs symbolsTransistorNPN：A transistor amplifies current. It can be used

42、 with other components to make an amplifier or switching circuit.晶體管PNP：晶體管可放大電流。它與其他元件一齊可用來構(gòu)成放大或開關(guān)電流 DiodesFunctionDiodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve

43、and early diodes were actually called valves. 功能二級管只允許電流在一個(gè)方向上流動。電路符號的箭頭標(biāo)明了電流可流動的方向。二極管是一個(gè)電子式開關(guān)（閥門），事實(shí)上早期的二極管就被稱為開關(guān)（閥門）。 DiodesCharacteristicsForward Voltage DropElectricity uses up a little energy pushing its way through the diode, rather like a person pushing through a door with a spring. This mea

44、ns that there is a small voltage across a conducting diode, it is called the forward voltage drop and is about 0.7V for all normal diodes which are made from silicon. The forward voltage drop of a diode is almost constant whatever the current passing through the diode so they have a very steep chara

45、cteristic (current-voltage graph). Diodes正向壓降電流花費(fèi)少許的能量就可去除阻礙，通過二極管，就象一個(gè)人推開一扇彈簧門通過它一樣。這就意味著一個(gè)導(dǎo)通的二極管上存在著一個(gè)小的電壓，這個(gè)電壓被稱為正向壓降，對于一般的硅二極管正向壓降是0.7V。無論多大的電流流過它，二極管的正向壓降總是一個(gè)常數(shù)，因此它們有一個(gè)非常陡峭的特性（伏安曲線圖） DiodesReverse VoltageWhen a reverse voltage is applied a perfect diode does not conduct, but all real diodes lea

46、k a very tiny current of a few A or less. This can be ignored in most circuits because it will be very much smaller than the current flowing in the forward direction. However, all diodes have a maximum reverse voltage (usually 50V or more) and if this is exceeded the diode will fail and pass a large

47、 current in the reverse direction, this is called breakdown1. Diodes反向電壓一個(gè)理想二極管加上一個(gè)反向電壓時(shí)，二極管不導(dǎo)通(截止)，但所有實(shí)際的二極管都會漏出一個(gè)幾微安或更小的電流。由于它比正向流過的電流小很多，因此在大多數(shù)電路中，這個(gè)漏電流可以被忽略掉。然而所有的二極管都存在一個(gè)最大反向電壓（反向擊穿電壓）（通常50V或更多），如果超過這個(gè)電壓，二極管將會失效并且將流過一個(gè)大的反向電流，這被稱為擊穿。 DiodesOrdinary diodes can be split into two types: Signal diod

48、es which pass small currents of 100mA or less and Rectifier diodes which can pass large currents. In addition there are LEDs and Zener diodes (at the bottom of this page). 普通二極管可被分成兩類：可通過小于等于100毫安的小電流的小信號二極管和能通過大電流的整流二極管。另外還有發(fā)光二極管和穩(wěn)壓二極管（在本文的最后）。 DiodesConnecting and solderingDiodes must be connected

49、 the correct way round, the diagram may be labelled a or + for anode and k or - for cathode (yes, it really is k, not c, for cathode!). The cathode is marked by a line painted on the body. Diodes are labelled with their code in small print, you may need a magnifying glass to read this on small signa

50、l diodes! 二極管必須以正確的方式來連接，圖上在正極標(biāo)上了a或，負(fù)極標(biāo)上了k或（是的，負(fù)極就是k，而不是c），負(fù)極用一條印在二極管上的線來標(biāo)識。二極管上貼了一個(gè)帶有它們編碼的小印刷紙，在小信號二極管上，你可能要用一個(gè)放大鏡來讀這些編碼 DiodesSmall signal diodes can be damaged by heat when soldering, but the risk is small unless you are using a germanium diode (codes beginning OA.) in which case you should use a

51、 heat sink clipped to the lead between the joint and the diode body. A standard crocodile clip can be used as a heat sink. 焊接時(shí)的熱度會導(dǎo)致小信號二極管的損壞，但是除非你用的是鍺二極管否則這種危險(xiǎn)是很小的，當(dāng)使用鍺二極管時(shí)你需要在焊接點(diǎn)和二極管之間放置一個(gè)散熱夾。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的鱷魚嘴夾可用作散熱片。 DiodesRectifier diodes are quite robust and no special precautions are needed for soldering

52、 them. 整流二極管非常牢固因此焊接時(shí)不需要什么特別的預(yù)防措施。 DiodesTesting diodesYou can use a multimeter or a simpletester (battery, resistor and LED) to check that a diode conducts in one direction but not the other. A lamp may be used to test a rectifierdiode, but do NOT use a lamp to test a signaldiode because the large

53、current passed by the lamp will destroy the diode! 二極管的測試你可以用萬用標(biāo)或一個(gè)簡單的測試儀器（電池，電阻和發(fā)光二極管）去檢測一個(gè)二極管能否在一個(gè)方向上導(dǎo)通而在另一個(gè)方向上不能導(dǎo)通。燈可用來測試一個(gè)整流二極管，但不能用來測試一個(gè)信號二極管，因?yàn)榱鬟^燈的大電流會損壞二極管！ DiodesSignal diodes (small current)Signal diodes are used to process information (electrical signals) in circuits, so they are only requ

54、ired to pass small currents of up to 100mA. General purpose signal diodes such as the 1N4148 are made from silicon and have a forward voltage drop of 0.7V. 信號二極管（小電流）信號二極管是用來處理電路中的信息（電信號），因此它們只需流過100毫安以內(nèi)的小電流。一般用途的信號二極管如1N4148是由硅做成的，正向壓降為0.7V. DiodesGermanium diodes such as the OA90 have a lower forw

55、ard voltage drop of 0.2V and this makes them suitable to use in radio circuits as detectors which extract the audio signal from the weak radio signal. 鍺二極管如OA90的正向壓降更小，0.2V，這使的它們比較適合做為檢波器用在無線電電路中去將音頻信號從微弱的無線電信號中提取出來。 DiodesFor general use, where the size of the forward voltage drop is less important

56、, silicon diodes are better because they are less easily damaged by heat when soldering, they have a lower resistance when conducting, and they have very low leakage currents when a reverse voltage is applied3. 對正向壓降的大小要求不是很高的一般使用場合，硅二極管更好，因?yàn)樗鼈儾蝗菀妆缓附訒r(shí)的熱度給損壞，它們導(dǎo)通時(shí)的電阻較小，并且加反向電壓時(shí)，它們的漏電流很小。 DiodesRectif

57、ier diodes (large current)Rectifier diodes are used in power supplies to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), a process called rectification. They are also used elsewhere in circuits where a large current must pass through the diode. 整流二級管（大電流）整流二極管用于將交流電轉(zhuǎn)換為直流電的整流過程中。它們同時(shí)也可用于大電流通

58、過的電路中。 DiodesAll rectifier diodes are made from silicon and therefore have a forward voltage drop of 0.7V. The table shows maximum current and maximum reverse voltage for some popular rectifier diodes. The 1N4001 is suitable for most low voltage circuits with a current of less than 1A. 所有的二極管都是有硅制成的

59、，因此正向壓降為0.7V.表格中列出了一些常用整流二極管的最大電流和最大反向電壓。1N4001適用于大多數(shù)電流小于1A的低電壓電路。 DiodesZener diodes are used to maintain a fixed voltage. They are designed to breakdown in a reliable and non-destructive way so that they can be used in reverse to maintain a fixed voltage across their terminals. The diagram shows h

60、ow they are connected, with a resistor in series to limit the current. Zener diodes穩(wěn)壓二極管穩(wěn)壓二極管用來維持一個(gè)固定電壓。它們可以一種可靠且非破壞性的方式來擊穿，因此它們可在兩端維持一個(gè)固定電壓情況下進(jìn)行反向工作。圖中顯示了穩(wěn)壓二極管如何與限流電阻串聯(lián)連接的。 DiodesZener diodes can be distinguished from ordinary diodes by their code and breakdown voltage which are printed on them. Ze