英語句子成分講解

1、WordWord文檔WordWord文檔句子結構成份講解及練習題主語：就是一個句子述的對象，主語：就是一個句子述的對象，或是動作的執(zhí)行者。它回答的是“誰”什“么”的問題。如：我看書。誰看書？如動詞不定式，動名詞，代詞都可作（代詞）（動名詞）“我”?！拔摇本褪沁@句子的主語。主語由名詞或相當于名詞的詞充當。主語，主語從句）主語（subject）如動詞不定式，動名詞，代詞都可作（代詞）（動名詞）Thesunrisesintheeast.（名詞）Helikesdancing.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（數詞）Seeingisbelieving.Toseeisto

2、believe.不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語從句）Toseeistobelieve.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）謂語：說明主語是什么，干什么，怎么樣。它回答的是主語“干什么，是什么”的問題。如上句中主語“我”干什么？“看書”?！翱磿本褪侵^語。一個句子，一般都可分成主、謂兩大部分（祈使句是省主句）。再細分又可分成謂語（動詞）、賓語，表語，補語（包括賓補和主補），定語，狀語，同位語等。如第一例中謂語部分可劃分成謂語（看）和賓語（書）。謂語部分中心詞一定要是一個動

3、詞，要么是行為動詞，要么是系動詞，不同的動詞構成不同的句子類型。句子的各種時態(tài)、人稱和數的變化都在謂語動詞上變。謂語（predicate）:說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.賓語：指謂語動詞所涉及的對象，由名、代、數，賓語從句等相當于名詞的詞句充當，但人稱代詞要用賓格。如：還說上例。謂語動詞是“看”，看什么？看“書”，“書”是動詞“看”所涉及的對象，是“看”的賓語。需要說明的是：只有及物動詞和介詞或相當于及物動詞和介詞的短語才可帶賓語。賓語：1）動作的承受者動賓likeChina.（名詞）likeChina.（名詞）Hehatesyou.（代詞）H

4、owmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數詞）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（賓語從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞介賓Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）雙賓語間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemo

5、ney.名詞性的詞，也可以是從句。表語（predicative）:系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態(tài)和特征。Heisateacher.（名詞）Seventy-four!Youdontlookit.（代詞）Fiveandfiveisten.（數詞）Heisasleep.（形容詞）Hisfatherisin.（副詞）Thepictureisonthewall.（介詞短語）Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容詞化的分詞）Towearafloweristosay“Impoor,Icantbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillco

6、me.（表語從句）（常見的系動詞有:be,sound（聽起來）,look（看起來）,feel（摸起來，smell（聞起來）,taste（嘗、吃起表語：是和系動詞緊密相連的。在述句中系動詞后面的就是表語，這就是主系表”結構。作表語的也是來）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感覺）Itsoundsagoodidea.Itsoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodtastesgood.NowIfeeltired.Thefoodtastesgood.NowIfeeltired.Thedoorremainsopen.ata

7、llboy中，tallatallboy中，tall修飾boy,tall是boy的定語?？勺鞫ㄕZ的有形容詞、名詞、畐恫、定語從句、分詞等。不定代詞的定語一律后置。定語:修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Heisourfriend.（代詞）AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdworld.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.（畐Webelongtothethirdworld.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.（畐U詞）Theboysplayingfootba

8、llareinClass2.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.（介詞）（現在分詞）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過去分詞）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語從句）狀語：修飾動詞、副詞、形容詞甚至整句，說明謂語動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、方式、伴隨狀況、目的等等。如：他在燈下看書。在燈下”是狀語。補語：補充說明主語或賓語的成份，補充說明主語的叫主語補足語，補充賓語叫賓語補足語。如：他把我逗笑了。Hemademelaugh.主語

9、：he;謂語：made;賓語：me;賓補：laugh.補語和它補充說明的成份之間有邏輯上的主謂關系，這可以把它和其它成份區(qū)分開?？冢荷暇滟e語me和賓補laugh之間，laugh的動作是me來做的。這就是一種邏輯上的主謂關系。把這兩部分單拿出來可以成一句完整的話，即Ilaughed,賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名詞）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.（副詞）Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介詞短語）

10、Dontlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）Dontkeepthelightsburning.（現在分詞）Illhavemybikerepaired.（過去分詞）主補：對主語的補充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.rr365.語法是句子的框架，學語法應該說是學習語言的一個捷徑。相對而言，句子的靈魂是詞匯，學習是個長期積累過程，詞匯積累更是如此

11、。學習也要講究方法，活學活用，在運用中記憶，不能死記硬背。另外，語言都有些相通的地方，結合母語對照學習也很有效。Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidnstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.

12、Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.簡單句的五個基本句型主語+不及物動詞Shecame./Myheadaches.主語+及物動詞+賓語ShelikesEnglish.主語+系動詞+主語補語Sheishappy.主語+雙賓動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook.+賓語補語Shemakeshermotherangry.Sheboughtabookforme.主語+賓語補語Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.）Exe

13、rcises分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.ItisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyouAllofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity-Iloveyoumorethanher，child8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmato

14、ldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Dontgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.17.HedidntcomeThatiswhyhedidntknow

15、18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.翻譯練習：主謂結構（主語不及物動詞）1你應當努力學習。2她昨天回家很晚。3那天早上我們談了很多。4會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。5在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經發(fā)生了巨大的變化。主謂賓結構（主語及物動詞賓語）1昨晚我寫了一封信。2今天下午我想同你談談。3這本書他讀過多次了。4他們成功地完成了計劃。5你們必須在兩周看完這些書。主系表結構（主語系動詞表語）11我的兄弟都是大學生。2冬季白天短，夜晚長。11我的兄弟都是大學生。2冬季白天短，夜晚長。WordWord文檔WordWord文

16、檔3布朗夫人看起來很健康。4十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。5孩子們，請保持安靜。雙賓語結構（主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語）1Johnson先生去年教我們德語。2.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。3.Mary把錢包交給校長了。4.請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？5.他把車票給列車員看。復合賓語結構（主語動詞賓語賓語補足語）1我們叫她Alice.2他的父母給他取名為John.3我們大家都認為他是誠實的。4他們把門推開了。5他們把小偷釋放了。Therebe句型1今晚沒有會。2這個村子過去只有一口井。3這個學校有一名音樂老師和一名美術老師。4客人當中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。5天氣預報說下午有大風。Word

17、Word文檔WordWord文檔1.主語系動詞表語2.主語3.主語動詞賓語賓語補足語5.主語及物動詞賓語6.主語7.主語及物動詞賓語8.主語9.主語動詞賓語賓語補足語分析下列句子成分句子成分練習題答案分析下列句子成分13.主語及物動詞賓語14.主語動詞賓語賓語補足語15.主語系動詞表語16.主語動詞賓語賓語補足語17.主語系動詞表語18.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語19.主語不及物動詞20.主語不及物動詞21.主語系動詞表語22.主語系動詞表語23.主語及物動詞賓語24.主語不及物動詞25.主語及物動詞賓語26.主語不及物動詞27.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語28.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語

18、29.主語及物動詞賓語30.主語動詞賓語賓語補足語系動詞表語4.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語動詞形式賓語it賓語補足語+賓語系動詞表語10.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語11.主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語12主語及物動詞賓語翻譯練習：主謂結構（主語不及物動詞）1Youshouldstudyhard.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.3Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.4Themeetingwilllasttwohours.5Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears

19、.6Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.7TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.8Classesbeginateighteveryday.9Thisboxweighsfivekilos.10IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.主謂賓結構（主語及物動詞賓語）wrotealetterlastnight.wanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.rr365.Theyhavecarried

20、outtheplansuccessfully.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.receivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.Jimcannotdresshimself.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.主系表結構（主語系動詞主語補語）1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2Inwinter,thedaysares

21、hortandthenightsarelong.MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.4Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.5Children,keepquietplease.6ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.7Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.8Heisoutofwork.9Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.10Thereportsoundsinteresting.雙賓語結構（主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語）1MrJ

22、ohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.4Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?5Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.6ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.7Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.8RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.9Willyoupleaseget

23、meanewcopy?10ShallIcallyouataxi?復合賓語結構（主語賓補動詞賓語賓語補語）1WecallherAlice.2HisparentsnamedhimJohn.3Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4Theypushedthedooropen.5Theyhavesetthethieffree.6Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.7Heaskedustojoininthegame.8Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.9Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.10TomorrowIll

24、havesomeonerepairthemachine.11EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.12Thepainmadehimcryout.13Wewontlethergooutatnight.14Hehashishaircutonceamonth.15Ilgletmyrecordermended.16Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.17Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.18heboyswerewatchingthesoldiersdrilling.19Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybe