新概念第一冊語法匯總

1、新觀點(diǎn)一共144課，此中單課為課文，雙課為語法和練習(xí)。整本書是以單數(shù)課為正課，并附加有插圖而雙數(shù)課則是針對單數(shù)課所講的內(nèi)容有針對性地進(jìn)行練習(xí)，此后出顯現(xiàn)出整個(gè)新觀點(diǎn)一教材差別于其余教材的獨(dú)到之處。以下是對新觀點(diǎn)一整本教材的理解和解析，以供各位對整個(gè)課本的理解和掌握上參照和借鑒。第一依據(jù)課本中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)來解析：本冊書的語法出現(xiàn)層次性和規(guī)律性是很強(qiáng)的，第一我們先來整本書中都出了哪些時(shí)態(tài)，這些時(shí)態(tài)的詳細(xì)散布和解說時(shí)我們大家需要注意的遞進(jìn)性。Lesson3134此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)Lesson3740第一次出現(xiàn)begoingto的未來時(shí)Lesson5156一般此刻時(shí)Lesson6776為一般過去式Lesson8

2、390為此刻達(dá)成時(shí)Lesson9196為一般未來時(shí)(will)Lesson117118過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Lesson119120過去達(dá)成時(shí)除掉前面所有時(shí)態(tài)和句型所占有的76課我們一同來看一下以下的68課，每一課小的語言點(diǎn)，語法點(diǎn)都是在什么地方，應(yīng)當(dāng)用什么樣的方式來解說。在這里告訴學(xué)員新觀點(diǎn)一的每一個(gè)單課的要點(diǎn)都是出現(xiàn)雙課的標(biāo)題和課后的練習(xí)題里面。Lesson12語言點(diǎn)：與陌生人說話或惹起他人的注意。Excuseme.Yes?Pardon?Thankyouverymuch.語法點(diǎn)：主系表構(gòu)造this為主語，名詞做表語1的一般疑問句以及它的必定回答。Isthisyourhandbag?Yes,itis.L

3、esson56言點(diǎn)：怎樣介人。ThisisMissSophieDupont.Nicetomeetyou.法點(diǎn)：主第三人稱數(shù)的主系表構(gòu)。SheisFrench.HeisGerman.ItsaVolvo.(L6)a/an的使用。Lesson78言點(diǎn)：怎樣自我介和互相。法點(diǎn)：主第二人稱的主系表構(gòu)。AreyouFrench?Whatnationalityareyou?Whatsyourjob?特別疑句。Lesson910言點(diǎn)：朋友或熟的人之怎樣互相候。Howareyou?法點(diǎn)：主系表構(gòu)形容做表。介短表示地點(diǎn)nearthewindow,onthetelevion,onthewallLesson2930言

4、點(diǎn)：怎樣號命令。法點(diǎn)：祈使句（必定）。與的固定搭配。Lesson3738言點(diǎn)：怎樣表達(dá)將要做的事情。法點(diǎn)：內(nèi)行begoingtodo構(gòu)表達(dá)將要生的事情。Therebe句型的一般疑句形式。Lesson41-42法點(diǎn)：怎樣表示不行數(shù)名的量。Lesson63-64言點(diǎn)：建忠告。法點(diǎn)：dontdo.YoumustntdoLesson65-66法點(diǎn)：詳細(xì)表示法(半點(diǎn)和刻）。反身代。詳細(xì)日期表達(dá)方式。Lesson73-74言點(diǎn)：路。法點(diǎn)：不的去式。形容成副。Lesson77-78言點(diǎn)：看病。法點(diǎn)：合表達(dá)方式。Lesson105-106言點(diǎn)：公室用。法點(diǎn)：wantsbtodo./tellsbtodo以及其否

5、認(rèn)形式。Lesson103-104言點(diǎn)：考。法點(diǎn)：從句。（從句部分非在）程度副too,very,enoughLesson125-126言點(diǎn)：/法點(diǎn)：havetodo/dontneedtodoLesson127-128言點(diǎn)：界。法點(diǎn)：must/cant在事情的必定/否認(rèn)猜。Lesson129-130言點(diǎn)：交通狀況。法點(diǎn)：must/canthavebeen.去事情的必定/否認(rèn)猜。Lesson131-132語言點(diǎn)：度假。語法點(diǎn)：may對此刻/過去事情的必定或否認(rèn)猜想。以下學(xué)的知識慢慢與新二接軌：此刻達(dá)成時(shí)：Lesson8390直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語：Lesson99102形容詞的比較級和最高等：Les

6、son107112neither,so的用法：Lesson113114不定代詞的用法：Lesson115116過去進(jìn)行和過去達(dá)成時(shí)：Lesson117120定語從句：Lesson121124神態(tài)動詞的綜適用法：Lesson125132直接引語變間接引語：Lesson133136（側(cè)重講時(shí)態(tài)的倒推）if的用法：Lesson137140被動語態(tài)：Lesson141144英語中的時(shí)態(tài)一共有八種，它們是：一般此刻時(shí)、此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、此刻達(dá)成時(shí)、一般未來時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去達(dá)成時(shí)、過去未來時(shí)。今日我們所要講的就是第一種：一般此刻時(shí)表示一般性，常常性的動作或一般性事實(shí)。1、含有be動詞的句子Hei

7、sateacher.Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Isheateacher?Isthegirlverybeautiful?AreTimandJackstudents?變否認(rèn)句在be動詞后邊加notHeisnotateacher.Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.TimandJackarenotstudents.必定回答及否認(rèn)回答Yes,heis./No,heisnot.Yes,sheis./No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare./No,theyarenot.2、不含有be動詞的句子

8、，即含有一般動詞的句子。第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞Helikesbooks.Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.變疑問句在句首加does,動詞變?yōu)樵虳oeshelikebooks?Doesshelikehim?Doesthedoglikebones?變否認(rèn)句在主語及動詞之間加doesnt,動詞變?yōu)樵停渲械膭釉~不再有第三人稱變化。Hedoesntlikebooks.Shedoesntlikehim.Thedogdoesntlikebones.必定回答及否認(rèn)回答：Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt.Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesntYes,it

9、does./No,itdoesnt.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后邊加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混雜，變否認(rèn)句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。其余人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.變疑問句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabath?Dowehaveanymeat?Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?變否認(rèn)句在主語和動詞之間加dont.Youdontwanttohaveabath.Wedonthaveanymeat.Thestudentsdontlikesmart

10、teachers.必定回答及否認(rèn)回答Yes,Ido./No,Idont.Yes,wedo./No,wedontYes,theydo./No,theydont.此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作組成：主語be動詞動詞的此刻分詞其余成分Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Arewehavinglunch?Ishereadingabook?Isthedogrunningafteracat?Aretheboysswimmingacr

11、osstheriver?變否認(rèn)句在be動詞后邊加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.特別疑問句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑問詞動詞主語此刻分詞Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshedoing?Whatisthedogdoing?沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞（必背）表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動作：表示感覺，感官的詞see,hear,like,love,wanthave

12、,has當(dāng)“擁有”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago.含有be動詞的句子，將be動詞變?yōu)檫^去式。am,is的過去式為was,are的過去式為were：Iwasatthebutchers.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.變疑問句將be動詞挪動到句首Wereyouatthebutchers?Wereyouastudentayearago?Wastheteacher

13、verybeautifultenyearsago?變否認(rèn)句在be動詞后邊加notIwasnotatthebutchers.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.必定回答否認(rèn)回答Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere./No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas./No,he/shewasnot.特別疑問句Whatdidyoudo?（必背）不含有be動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式：Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoa

14、restaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.變疑問句在句首加did，動詞變?yōu)樵虳idyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?Didtheboygotoarestaurant?DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?否認(rèn)句在主和之加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.必定回答及否認(rèn)回答Yes,Idid./No,

15、Ididnt.Yes,hedid./No,hedidnt.Yes,theydid./No,theydidnot.在達(dá)成組成：主+助have,has+去分用法：1）表示去生的和在有某種系的作，常和just,usually,already,since等副用。Ihavejusthadlunch.（了，不用再吃了。）Hehashadacupoftea.（不渴了，不用再喝。）Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.（不可以再度假了。）Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.（已知道的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了。）2）人能否做某事一般用在達(dá)成：Haveyoufinishedy

16、ourhomework?HaveyoubeentoBeijing?Haveheseenthefilm?3）表示開始于去并持到在的作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.4）表示一種，：去地方，做事情，事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去過，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.（人已經(jīng)回來）HehasgonetoLo

17、ndon.（人還在那邊）5）表示一種結(jié)果，一般不睦時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，變否認(rèn)句在助動詞后邊加not.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.必定回答及否認(rèn)回答Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavenot.特別疑問句Whathaveyoudone?Whathashedone?一般過去時(shí)與此刻達(dá)成時(shí)的差別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)。注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不可以再持

18、續(xù)，所以不可以和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用。錯(cuò)：IveleftBeijingfor3days.對：IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.一般未來時(shí)表示未來將要發(fā)生的動作，常常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehourstime,etc.表示未來的詞聯(lián)用。構(gòu)造：主語+助動詞will+動詞原形IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillm

19、oveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.變疑問句將助動詞移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?變否認(rèn)句在助動詞后邊加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.必定回答及否認(rèn)

20、回答Yes,Iwill./No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill./No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill./No,hewillnot.特別疑問句Whatwillyoudo?過去達(dá)成時(shí)用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動作要用過去達(dá)成時(shí)。構(gòu)造：had+過去分詞Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句

21、放在句首要在句子后邊加逗號，假如放在主句后則不用加。變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework?變否認(rèn)句在助動詞后邊加notShehadntfinishedherhomework.必定回答及否認(rèn)回答Yes,shehad./No,shehadnt.特別疑問句Whathadshedone?過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作，常常用在when,while,as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。構(gòu)造：was/were+doingWhenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.Th

22、eirfatherwaswatchingTVwhiletheywerehavingdinner.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首WastheirfatherwatchingTVwhiletheywerehavingdinner.變否認(rèn)句在be動詞后邊加notTheirfatherwasnotwatchingTVwhiletheywerehavingdinner.過去未來時(shí)構(gòu)造：woulddoShesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.兩個(gè)特別句型：therebe句型，begoingto構(gòu)造1）Begoingto構(gòu)造表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事構(gòu)造：主語+be動詞+going

23、to+動詞原型Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?Aretheygoingtopaintit?Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?變否認(rèn)句在be動詞后邊加notIamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisnotgoingtogiveth

24、ebookcasetohisdaughter.必定回答及否認(rèn)回答Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.Yes,theyare./No,theyarenot.Yes,heis./No,heisnot.特別疑問句（必背）Whatareyougoingtodo?Whataretheygoingtodo?Whatisthefathergoingtodo?2）Therebe句型表示哪里有什么東西（某處有某物）Thereis單數(shù)名詞表示場所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）Thereisabookinthisroom.ThereisapenonthetableThereare復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示場所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）Th

25、erearetwopensonthetable.Therearethreeschoolsthere.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Isthereabookinthisroom?Aretheretwopensonthetable?變否認(rèn)句在動詞后邊加notThereisnotabookinthisroom.Therearenottwopensonthetable.必定回答及否認(rèn)回答Yes,thereis./No,thereisnot.Yes,thereare./No,therearenot.問句：一般疑問句，特別疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否認(rèn)疑問句1）一般疑問句：助動詞/be動詞+

26、主語Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?2）特別疑問句：特別疑問詞+一般疑問句Whatisyourname?3）選擇疑問句：orDoyouwantbeeforlamb?4）反意疑問句：必定陳說句+否認(rèn)疑問部分，否認(rèn)陳說部分+必定疑問部分Youdontneedthatpen,doyou?5）否認(rèn)疑問句：一般疑問句+否認(rèn)詞Arentyoulucky?Dontyouwanthavearest?限制詞：some,any,many,much?some,any修飾可數(shù)名詞或不行數(shù)名詞，some用于必定句，any用于否認(rèn)句和疑問句。注意：當(dāng)期望對方的答案為必定回答

27、時(shí)用some。Ihavesomemilk.Idonthaveanymilk.MayIhavesomemilk?many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不行數(shù)名詞。在口語中表示“好多”一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否認(rèn)句中表示“好多”用many,much。Ihavealotofmoney.Idonthavemuchmoney.名詞名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞：）不行數(shù)名詞沒法分開的東西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice抽象的東西：love,beauty,coldness不行數(shù)名詞有以下特色：不可以用a,an修飾；不可以加s；和單數(shù)be動詞或動詞搭配。）可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可

28、數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后邊加s。名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化：規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般狀況+se.g.shellshellsbookbooks規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+ese.g.foxfoxeschurchchurches,busbuses,watchwatches規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾+s或+ese.g.potatopotatoes,NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes，（口訣：黑人英豪愛吃土豆和西紅柿），剩下一般加s,radioradios規(guī)則4以f,fe結(jié)尾的，變f,fe為vese.g.lifeliveshalfhalves,

29、shelfshelves,citycities,wifewives規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ese.g.skyskiesflyflies不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式man（men）woman（women）foot（feet）goose（geese）tooth（teeth）child（children）sheep（sheep）deer（deer）mouse（mice）fish（fish）副詞副詞能夠修飾形容詞，動詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如：Thebookisverygood.Herunsfast.Shecameherequiteearly.CertainlyIwillgowithyou.副詞變

30、化形式：直接在形容詞后加-ly：careful-carefully,slow-slowly以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變i,加-ly：happy-happily,lucky-luckily有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式同樣，不需要做任何變化：fast,hard,late有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)：neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately神態(tài)動詞的使用1）神態(tài)動詞can（能夠），must（一定），may（能夠）構(gòu)造：主語+can/must/may+動詞原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglis

31、h.變疑問句將神態(tài)動詞移到句首Canhemakethetea?CanSallyairtheroom?CanwespeakEnglish?變否認(rèn)句在神態(tài)動詞后邊加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.WecannotspeakEnglish.必定回答及否認(rèn)回答Yes,hecan./No,hecannot.Yes,shecan./No,shecannot.Yes,wecan./No,wecannot.特別疑問句：（必背）Whatcanyoudo?注意：神態(tài)動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在神態(tài)動詞或動詞后邊加s。2）must/haveto的差

32、別must表示一定，是主觀上感覺應(yīng)當(dāng)做，haveto是不得不，是因?yàn)榭陀^條件強(qiáng)迫的必要要做must只好用在表示此刻和未來的句子里，而havetodo能夠用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3）must,may,might表示猜想：mustdo表示對此刻事實(shí)的猜想musthavedone表示對過去事實(shí)的猜想musthavebeendoing表示對過去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜想may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示沒有任何事實(shí)依照的猜想，might的可能性更小。4）cant/couldnt表示不行能need的用法表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動詞，后邊能夠加名詞，也能夠加不定式：Ineedapen.Doyoune

33、edanybeer?No,Idont.Ineedtohavearest.Needdoing=needtobedone（表示被動）Theflowersneedwatering.=Theflowersneedtobewatered.花需要澆水。need在否認(rèn)時(shí)做神態(tài)動詞使用：Youneedntgosoearly.(=Youdontneedtogosoearly.)MustIcleanthedeskrightnow?No,youneednt.不定代詞及不定副詞some,any,no,every-thing:something,anything,nothing,everything-one:someo

34、ne,anyone,anything,everyone-where:somewhere,anywhere,anywhere,everywhere-body:somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody例子：1）Ilookedformybookeverywhere,butIcantfinditanywhere.2）Ifyouwanttogosomewhere,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup.3）Help!Somebody?Anybody?4）Youarereallysomething.你真了不起?。谡Z中常用something來表示“真

35、像回事兒”，“真行”的意思）5）Sinceeverybodyishere,letsbeginourclass.6）Wheredidyougo?Iwentnowhere.7）Nobodyisathome.嘆息句：1）What+名詞+主語+謂語Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!Whattallbuildingstheyare!2）How+形容詞+主語+謂語Howbeautifulthegirlis!Howtallthebuildingsare!在口語中，嘆息句的主語和謂語常常省略：Whatanicepresent!（省略itis）Howdisappointed!（省略sheis或其余

36、可作本句主、謂的詞語）祈使句表示懇求、命令、建議、邀請等，謂語動詞一律用原型，句子中往常不用主語，句末用驚訝好或許句號，用降調(diào)。必定句：動詞原型Comehere,please.Godownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Becareful.祈使句中假如有喚語，必定要用逗號分開，放在句首或許句尾：Comein,Amy.Sitdownhere,Tom.Mary,givemeabookplease.否認(rèn)：Dont+動詞原型Dontcomehere.Dontsitdown.Dontstandup.Dontgivemeit.letsb.do讓某人做Letmep

37、ass.Letushavearest.Letshavearest.反意疑問：Letshaveawalkalongtheriver,shallwe?Letusgooutforadrink,willyou?倒裝句：so/neither的倒裝eg:Hecanswim.SocanI.Ididntgotoclass.NeitherdidI.構(gòu)造：so/neither+be+主語so/neither+助動詞+主語so/neither+神態(tài)動詞+主語助動詞：一般此刻時(shí):do,does/am,is,are此刻進(jìn)行時(shí):am,is,are一般過去時(shí):did此刻達(dá)成時(shí):have,has一般未來時(shí):will,shal

38、l過去進(jìn)行時(shí):was,were過去達(dá)成時(shí):had過去未來時(shí):would直接引語/間接引語假如引語的主句所用動詞為過去時(shí)，那么間接引語要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地址及指示詞1）時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般此刻時(shí)一般過去時(shí)此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去達(dá)成時(shí)此刻達(dá)成時(shí)過去達(dá)成時(shí)一般未來時(shí)過去未來時(shí)begoingtowas/weregoingto/wouldcan-couldmay-might2）地址及指示的化：here-there,tomorrow-thenextday,thefollowingday,this-that3）人稱化：依據(jù)句意改人稱。4）直接/接主及物接直接直接是及物的直接象，接是及物的作

39、所波及的人或事，也能夠接表示作是做的，或許是做的。所以接要用名或許格代來擔(dān)當(dāng)。Hegivesmeabook.（me接，abook直接）直接和接的地點(diǎn)要加一個(gè)介to或for：主及物直接介接Givemeabook.=Givethebooktome.Sendhimaletter.=Sendalettertohim.Showhimthenewdress.=Showthenewdresstohim.1）代及be主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey格meusyouyouher/him/itthem代所有格myouryouryourher/his/itstheir名性代mineoursyours

40、yourshers/his/itstheirsbe在Amareareareisarebe去waswerewerewerewaswere）名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般狀況+se.g.shellshellstoytoys規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+ese.g.foxfoxeschurchchurches規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾s或+ese.g.radioradiospotatopotatoes規(guī)則4以f,fe結(jié)尾的，變f,fe為vese.g.lifeliveshalfhalves規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ese.g.skyskiesstudystudies）動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

41、規(guī)則1一般狀況+se.g.like-likes,look-looks規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+ese.g.do-does,catch-catches規(guī)則3以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ese.g.carry-carries,fly-flies）動詞此刻分詞規(guī)則1一般動詞加-inge.g.look-looking,read-reading,play-playing規(guī)則2以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-inge.g.make-making,take-taking,arrive-arriving規(guī)則3重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，后來緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-inge.g.run-running,sit-sitting,get-getting,swim-swimming,stop-stopping）動詞過去式規(guī)則動詞變化規(guī)則1一般動詞加-ede.g.look-looked,watch-watched,play-played規(guī)則2以e結(jié)尾的加-de.g.make-mak