IP“電子組件可接受性標準”授證的IPC培訓(xùn)員CIT培訓(xùn)認證課程

1、IPC-A-610DIP“電子組件可接受性標準”授證的IPC培訓(xùn)員CIT培訓(xùn)認證課程第2節(jié): 前言、適用文件& 操作 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification本節(jié)概要范圍目的特殊設(shè)計術(shù)語和定義 圖例與插圖檢查方法尺寸的界定放大裝置和照明適用文件IPC文件電子組件的操作 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only i

2、n IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification本節(jié)目標通過本節(jié)學(xué)習，使學(xué)員全面了解認識 IPC-A-610D 文件、術(shù)語、定義及操作規(guī)程 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.1 范圍外觀質(zhì)量可接受性要求表述了制造電氣與電子組件的可接受性要求以英文版本為準 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL

3、All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.1范圍標準無意定義制造工藝或返工/修理的依據(jù)或改變用戶的產(chǎn)品 IPC-A-610包括J-STD-001所定義之外的一些標準 相關(guān)文件概要見表1 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.1范圍 2

4、005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.2 目的610D 目檢標準體現(xiàn)了IPC 現(xiàn)行標準和其他規(guī)范要求組件或產(chǎn)品應(yīng)該符合現(xiàn)行IPC 標準如果組件不符合這些文件或其等效要求時可接受條件需由客戶和供應(yīng)商進行確定文字說明優(yōu)先于圖片 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Progra

5、ms leading to Official IPC Certification1.3 特殊設(shè)計 IPC-A-610 無法囊括所有元器件和產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的各種組合當采用非通用或特殊技術(shù)時可能須要制訂專門的驗收規(guī)范相似特征本文件可以作為產(chǎn)品可接受條件指引特殊驗收條件的開發(fā)須有客戶的參與和認可3級產(chǎn)品驗收條件必須得到客戶的同意標準應(yīng)該包括對產(chǎn)品可接受條件的定義應(yīng)該將開發(fā)的驗收標準提交IPC技術(shù)委員會以考慮納入新版本 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading t

6、o Official IPC Certification1.4 術(shù)語和定義注“*”的術(shù)語引自IPC-T-50“電子電路互連與封裝的術(shù)語和定義”1.4.1 分級用戶對組件使用哪級條件驗收負有最終責任須要給檢查員提供說明產(chǎn)品適用等級的文件接受和/或拒收的判定必須以相適應(yīng)的文件為依據(jù)，如:合同、圖紙、技術(shù)規(guī)范、標準和參考文件 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.4.1 分級1級: 通用類電

7、子產(chǎn)品2級: 專用服務(wù)類電子產(chǎn)品3級: 高性能類電子產(chǎn)品 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.4.2 驗收標準引用IPC-A-610或經(jīng)由合同指定作為驗收文件時，則J-STD-001 ，即“電氣與電子組件的焊接要求”文件不適用，除非另有單獨和具體的要求發(fā)生沖突時，按下列優(yōu)先次序執(zhí)行:用戶與制造商協(xié)定并成文的采購合同總圖或總裝配圖IPC-A-610D, 如果被引用其他文件 2005,

8、IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.4.2 驗收標準用戶有義務(wù)確定驗收標準如果沒有規(guī)定據(jù)體要求，則使用最優(yōu)制造工藝引用 IPC J-STD-001和IPC-A-610或其它相關(guān)文件 必須在采購文件中明確優(yōu)先順序四級驗收條件： 目標條件可接受條件缺陷條件過程警示條件本文件要求適用于實心硬導(dǎo)線/元器件引腳或多股導(dǎo)線 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights rese

9、rved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.4.2 驗收標準1.4.2.1 目標條件指近乎完美或稱之為“優(yōu)選”希望達到但不是總能實現(xiàn)對于保證可靠性并非必要1.4.2.2可接受條件保持組件在運行過程中的完整性和可靠性 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.4.2.3

10、缺陷條件1.4.2.3缺陷條件不能保證組件的形狀、安裝或功能上的要求需要處置處置可以是返工、維修、報廢或“照樣使用” 維修或“照樣使用”須取得用戶的認可 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.4.2.4 過程警示條件指存在一些不符合要求的特征但并不影響產(chǎn)品的形狀、安裝和功能由材料、設(shè)計、操作或設(shè)備等原因引起 應(yīng)作為過程控制系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)控對象 2005, IPC, Bannockburn,

11、IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.4.2.4過程警示條件 (續(xù))單一原因的過程警示項目不需要處置受影響的產(chǎn)品可“照樣使用”過程控制方法常常被應(yīng)用于制造工藝的計劃、實施及評估中制造商須要保留現(xiàn)行工藝控制和持續(xù)改進計劃的客觀證據(jù)以供審查 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Of

12、ficial IPC Certification1.4.2.5 綜合情況必須考慮累積情況制造商應(yīng)該警惕綜合和累積情況以及其影響產(chǎn)品性能的可能性可接受性條件是個別定義的，單一性考慮其對產(chǎn)品可靠運行的影響而制定在一些關(guān)聯(lián)條件會疊加的場合，對產(chǎn)品性能的累積影響可能是巨大的制造商有責任鑒別這些情況 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.4.2.6 未涉及的情況未明確規(guī)定的情況作為缺陷條件或過程

13、警示條件 也可作為可接受除條件，除非可以認定會影響用戶規(guī)定的形狀、安裝和功能 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.4.3 板面方向1.4.3.1 *主面通常為最復(fù)雜或元器件最多的一面1.4.3.2 *輔面與主面相對的面1.4.3.3 焊料起始面施加焊料的面1.4.3.4 焊料終止面指印制電路板焊錫流向的面 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights r

14、eserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.4.4 *冷焊連接一種呈現(xiàn)出很差的潤濕性和表面出現(xiàn)灰暗色、疏松的焊點其原因:焊料中雜質(zhì)過多焊前清潔度差焊接過程中的加熱不足 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.4.5 電氣間隙未絕緣的非共接導(dǎo)體間的最小間距絕緣材料

15、須要提供足夠的電氣隔離不知道所用的設(shè)計標準時使用附錄A任何違反最小電氣間隙的情況均視為缺陷（作了歸納性的敘述） 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification通用術(shù)語和定義1.4.6 高壓具體數(shù)值因設(shè)計和應(yīng)用而異本文件中的高壓標準僅當如此要求時適用1.4.7 侵入焊（通孔回流）這種工藝使用膜板或注射器將焊膏分配到安裝通孔元件的地方，在回流焊過程中與其他表面安裝元件一起焊接1.4.8 *浸析在焊接過

16、程中基底金屬或涂覆層的損失或被除去1.4.9 彎月形涂層（元件）引線上的密封劑或塑封體涂層從元件體密封面突出的部分1.4.10 針插焊膏見侵入焊1.4.11 線徑指導(dǎo)體加絕緣皮的總直徑 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.5 圖例與插圖為表述分級依據(jù)，本文引用的大部分圖例(插圖)都做了一定程度的夸張1級缺陷自動成為2、3級缺陷 2級缺陷自動成為3級缺陷 2005, IPC, Bann

17、ockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.6 檢查方法接收和/或拒收的判定是依據(jù)相關(guān)的適用文件合同圖紙技術(shù)規(guī)范參考文件檢驗員不可自行選擇組件驗收等級自動檢測技術(shù)(AIT) 是替代目視檢查的有效方法之一，也是自動檢測設(shè)備的補充手段如果用戶期望采用對驗收頻率有規(guī)定的行業(yè)標準和規(guī)范時推薦使用J-STD-001文件 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use

18、only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.7 尺寸界定IPC-A-610D 中，除用于仲裁目的，不需要對檢查項目進行測量尺寸 用國際單位（SI）表示，同時在括號里標注相應(yīng)的英制尺寸 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification1.8 放大裝置和照明放大裝置的公差是所選用放大倍數(shù)的 15% 放大裝置須與

19、被測物體相匹配照明必須足以看清被測物體表1-2和表1-3的放大倍數(shù)是由被測物體尺寸決定的只有在確認拒收條件時，才使用仲裁放大倍數(shù)組件上各元器件焊盤寬度大小不一致時，可選用較大倍數(shù)的放大裝置檢測 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification表 1-2 檢測放大倍數(shù)（焊盤寬度） 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only

20、in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification表 1-3 其它放大裝置的應(yīng)用 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification2適用文件與電子組件可接受條件相關(guān)連的文件： IPC文件 聯(lián)合工業(yè)文件EOS/ESD 協(xié)會文件電子工業(yè)聯(lián)合會文件國際電工委員會文件（IEC) 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL A

21、ll rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.1 EOS/ESD 防護靜電釋放 (ESD)靜電源產(chǎn)生的電位差使電荷從一個物體快速傳向另一個物體的現(xiàn)象電氣過載 (EOS)內(nèi)在原因產(chǎn)生的電能意外施加而導(dǎo)致元件損傷靜電敏感元件 (ESDS)容易受高電能放電影響的元件 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading t

22、o Official IPC Certification3.1 EOS/ESD防護不正確的操作和處理ESDS 元件失效可分為即時或延時兩種對ESDS 元件進行保護性電路設(shè)計和包裝是很重要的 更多資料：IPC J-STD-001, ANSI/ESD-S-20.20 和其他相關(guān)文件 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.1.1 EOS/ESD防護 電氣過載 (EOS)電氣元件損害來源于意外

23、電能(如:電脈沖) )某些器件較其它器件更為敏感易遭損害敏感度高低是由設(shè)計時確定的時刻關(guān)注組件中最敏感元件的敏感度 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.1.1 EOS/ESD防護 電氣過載 (EOS)電氣元件損傷 (續(xù))工具和設(shè)備須經(jīng)過測試 小于0.5伏的電壓和尖峰是可接受的烙鐵、吸錫器、測試儀器和其它設(shè)備不能產(chǎn)生大于0.3伏的尖峰電壓 ESD 指標定期測試可能提供保障對設(shè)備進行維護

24、保養(yǎng)是必要的EOS損傷其本質(zhì)與ESD損傷相似 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.1.2 EOS/ESD防護靜電釋放 (ESD)預(yù)防靜電的產(chǎn)生和消除產(chǎn)生的靜電相結(jié)合是由靜電積聚而成的電能所導(dǎo)致靜電的強度取決于靜電源的特性產(chǎn)生靜電能需要物體的相對運動 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC

25、Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.1.2 EOS/ESD防護靜電釋放 (ESD) 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.1.2 EOS/ESD防護靜電釋放 (ESD) 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Tr

26、aining Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.1.3 EOS/ESD 防護 警告標識取消了另外2個不常用符號 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.1.4 EOS/ESD 防護 防護材料保護遠離靜電源傳導(dǎo)性的屏蔽盒、袋或包裝三種類型的防護包裝材料：靜電屏蔽材料：可阻止ESD穿透包裝抗靜電材料：低充電性可用作包裝的中間填充材

27、料靜電消散材料：允許電荷通過其表面消散包裝顏色：不要被誤導(dǎo)注意：只選用不會污染組件的包裝和操作材料 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.2 EOS/ESD 防靜電工作臺 /EPA 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Offici

28、al IPC Certification3.2 EOS/ESD防靜電工作臺 /EPA保持工作區(qū)域無靜電源材料定期檢查工作臺是否符合ESD 防護要求定期檢查工具和設(shè)備是否符合ESD 防護要求推薦使用接地保護器 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.3.1 操作注意事項-準則表 3-4 電子組件操作推薦準則保持工作臺干凈整潔盡可能減少對組件的操作次數(shù)使用清潔手套不用裸露的手觸摸可焊表面 不

29、使用含硅樹脂的護膚霜或洗手液 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.3.1操作注意事項-準則表 3-4 電子組件操作推薦準則決不可堆放電子組件即使沒有粘貼ESDS標志，也總是假設(shè)它們是ESDS部件遵循適當?shù)腅SD慣例和程序除非有合適的防護包裝，否則決不能運送ESDS設(shè)備 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use on

30、ly in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.3.2操作注意事項機械損傷不正確的操作導(dǎo)致元件和組件的損壞如：破裂、碎裂或斷裂的元件和連接器折彎或斷裂的接線端子嚴重劃傷的印制板面和焊盤表面可導(dǎo)致整個組件及其連接的元件報廢 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.3.3操作注意事項污染污染的產(chǎn)生源于疏忽或

31、不良的操作行為典型的污染人體鹽分和油脂及未經(jīng)認可的手霜是典型的污染源會降低可焊性、加重腐蝕及枝晶生長還會導(dǎo)致其后涂覆和包封的粘附性問題常規(guī)的清潔方法無法去除所有的污染最好的預(yù)防措施：勤洗手，只接觸板的邊緣部分 戴手套和指套可能產(chǎn)生虛假的防護感覺應(yīng)該經(jīng)常丟棄并更換手套或指套慎重選擇和正確使用 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.3.4操作注意事項 電子組件組件上沒有ESDS 標志仍應(yīng)視

32、作ESDS 組件處理元件和組件需要有適當?shù)臉酥居糜谧R別敏感組件的標志通常標在連接器的邊緣上為了防止ESD 和 EOS 產(chǎn)生的損害所有操作、拆封、組裝和測試都必須在靜電防護工作臺上進行 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.3.5 操作注意事項 焊接后的處理 焊接和清洗后仍然需要格外慎重指印很難去除使用手套或其它保護操作器件在清洗操作中應(yīng)使用ESD全防護機械擱架或洗籃 2005, IPC

33、, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification3.3.6 操作注意事項 手套和指套 圖3-4圖3-5 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification復(fù)習目的范圍特殊設(shè)計術(shù)語和定義 圖例與插圖檢查方法尺寸的界定放大裝置和

34、照明適用文件電子組件的操作 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification復(fù)習題1.在 IPC- A-610 文件中，若圖片與文字說明有出入時，以 ？為準。文字說明，見第 1-3 頁, 第 1.2段 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Off

35、icial IPC Certification復(fù)習題2.IPC定義的哪一級產(chǎn)品要求持續(xù)地高性能運行或嚴格按照需要的性能指標運行，不允許故障中斷，一旦需要設(shè)備必須功能正常?A.4級,航空電子產(chǎn)品B.3級,高性能電子產(chǎn)品C.2級,專用服務(wù)電子產(chǎn)品D.1級,通用類電子產(chǎn)品B, 見1-3頁, 第1.4.1段 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification復(fù)習題3.哪級驗收條件描述了近乎完美，然而是一種理想

36、情況又不總能達到的條件?A. PreferredB. GoalC. TargetD. BestC,見1-4頁, 第1.4.2.1段 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification復(fù)習題4. 封裝互連結(jié)構(gòu)上通常包含最復(fù)雜最多數(shù)量元器件的那面，通孔技術(shù)中有時稱為“焊接終止面”，叫做_。 主面, 見1-4頁, 第1.4.3.1段 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights

37、 reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification復(fù)習題5.封裝互連結(jié)構(gòu)上與主面相對的面叫做_ 。輔面, 見1-5頁, 第1.4.3.2段 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification復(fù)習題6. 焊盤尺寸為0.40 mm的焊點所用的最大仲裁放大倍數(shù)為 _。A.40XB.20X

38、C.10XD.4XB, 見1-6頁 第1.8段, 表 1-2 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification復(fù)習題7. 內(nèi)在原因產(chǎn)生的電能的意外施加導(dǎo)致元件損傷的稱為：A.靜電釋放B.電壓浸析C.電氣過載D.電磁倒置C, 見3-2頁, 第3.1段 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training

39、 Programs leading to Official IPC Certification復(fù)習題8. 為了防止零部件和組件受到污染，可以在合同中要求使用 手套和指套, 見3-12頁, 第3.3.6 段 2005, IPC, Bannockburn, IL All rights reserved. For use only in IPC Training Programs leading to Official IPC Certification9、靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。9月-229月-22Sunday, September 18, 202210、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。21:06:022

40、1:06:0221:069/18/2022 9:06:02 PM11、以我獨沈久，愧君相見頻。9月-2221:06:0221:06Sep-2218-Sep-2212、故人江海別，幾度隔山川。21:06:0221:06:0221:06Sunday, September 18, 202213、乍見翻疑夢，相悲各問年。9月-229月-2221:06:0221:06:02September 18, 202214、他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。18 九月 20229:06:02 下午21:06:029月-2215、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。九月 229:06 下午9月-2221:06September 18, 202216、行動出成果，工作出財富。2022/9/18 21:06:0221: