激光原理與技術(shù)

1、激光原理與技術(shù)Principles and Technology of Lasers激光原理與技術(shù)課程內(nèi)容（三部分）激光原理激光器件激光技術(shù)學(xué)時(shí)48學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)分3.0學(xué)分考核方法期末考試占80平時(shí)成績(jī)占20學(xué)時(shí)短，不安排期中考試課程要求不無(wú)故缺勤按時(shí)完成作業(yè)教材：激光原理，周炳琨等編著；國(guó)防工業(yè)出版社 2000, 2004，2008參考書目：1、激光原理與技術(shù)，安毓英等編著；科學(xué)出版社 20102、激光原理， 盛新志，婁淑琴； 清華大學(xué)出版社 2010 3、激光器件，馬養(yǎng)武等；浙江大學(xué)出版社 20014、激光技術(shù)，藍(lán)信鉅；科學(xué)出版社 20015、激光原理學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)，高以智等編著；國(guó)防工業(yè)出版社 20

2、066、Principles of Lasers，Orazio Svelto；Plenum Press 1998緒論激 光利用受激輻射的光放大“LASER” stands for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation一、多方面的應(yīng)用需求激勵(lì)激光器的研究(1)高的單色性和相干性要求光纖通信、干涉計(jì)量、光全息、光譜分析等！(2)高功率、高能量、高強(qiáng)度要求激光核聚變、激光武器、非線性光學(xué)、激光加工等！(3)好的方向性要求準(zhǔn)直、激光導(dǎo)航、激光雷達(dá)等！(4)良好的時(shí)間分辨率觀測(cè)超快過程：(comp. : time scal

3、e of molecular vibrations 100 fs time scale of electronic motion 100 as)二、激光的發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)史 History of laser developments1917 A. Einstein quantum mech. of radiation (spont. & stim. emission)1954 C. H. Townes et al. first maser, implemented with NH3 molecules （Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of

4、Radiation）1954 N. G. Basov & A. M. Prokhorov maser theory1958 A. L. Schawlow & Ch. H. Townes laser theory1959 G. Gould laser patent LASER : Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation1960 T. H. Maiman first laser, made from a ruby crystal1961 A. Javan et al. first gas laser (HeNe)1961 E.

5、 Snitzer Nd3+:glass - laser (1.06 m)1962 several authors GaAs diode laser (840 nm)1964 C. K. N. Patel CO2 - laser (10 m)1964 J. E. Geusic et al. Nd3+: YAG-Laser (Y3Al5O12, 1.06 m)(first) Ruby laser, T.H.Maiman(1927-2007), July, 1960, at the Hughes Research Laboratories The word laser has been genera

6、lly accepted since about 1965 The crystalline structure of ruby is similar to the one of corundum, i.e. a crystal of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), in which the small part of atoms of aluminum (about 0.05 %) is replaced with ions Cr +, producing a 694.3 nm output.Physical and Optical PropertiesDensity3.98

7、g/cc Refractive index at 700 nm1.7638 Ordinary RayMelting Point2040 C 1.7556 Extraordinary RayYoungs Modulus 345 Gpa Birefringence0.008MOR425 MPa Refractive Index vs. Chromium Concentration3 x 10-3 (n / % Cr2O3)Compressive Strength 2.0 Gpa Fluorescent Lifetime at 0.05% Cr2O33 ms at 300 KHardness9 Mh

8、os, 2000 KnoopFluorescent Linewidth (R1)5.0 at 300KThermal Expansion 20 to 50 C5.8 x 10-6 / COutput Wavelength (R1)6.94.3 nm 20 to 200 C7.7 x 10-6 / CMajor Pump Bands404 nm and 554 nmThermal Conductivity at 0 C46.02 W / (mK)at 100 C25.10 W / (mK)at 400 C12.55 W / (mK)All values are for 60 orientatio

9、n material1964 W. B. Bridges Ar+ ion laser1965 J. V. V. Kasper & G. C. Pimentel chemical laser (HCl, 3.8 m)1966 P. P. Sorokin & J. R. Lankard dye laser1971 N. G. Basov et al. Xe2+ - excimer laser1984 P.F. Moulton Ti-Sapphire laser (Ti3+:Al2O3)1961 R. J. Collins Q-switching1965 H. W. Mocker & R. J. C

10、ollins passive modelocking in a ruby laser1968 D. J. Bradley & A. J. F. Durrant synchroneous pumping1971 H. Kogelnik & C. V. Shank distributed feedback(DFB) - dye laser1984 W. H. Knox et al. pulse compression1985 D. Strickland & G. Mourou chirped pulse amplification1991 D. E. Spence et al. Kerr lens

11、 modelocking and many recent developments :e.g. single-cycle laser pulses,THz pulses,pulse shaping,generation of attosecond pulses,laser-based nuclear fusion,三、與激光及激光應(yīng)用有關(guān)的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng) Nobel prizes for lasers and laser applications四、激光器的基本結(jié)構(gòu)工作物質(zhì)諧振腔激勵(lì)源五、激光器的典型應(yīng)用激光的產(chǎn)生有劃時(shí)代意義！1、自然科學(xué)上：導(dǎo)致許多相關(guān)學(xué)科的誕生和發(fā)展！非線性光學(xué)、激光光譜學(xué)、激

12、光物理、激光化學(xué)、激光生物學(xué)、激光的原子冷卻和鉗制等。2、能源上：激光核聚變！3、信息處理上：激光全息、光通信等。4、醫(yī)學(xué)上：激光美容、激光手術(shù)刀等。5、軍事上：制成激光雷達(dá)和各種激光武器！致盲致眩武器、戰(zhàn)術(shù)性武器（擊毀裝甲車、飛機(jī)、戰(zhàn)術(shù)導(dǎo)彈等）、戰(zhàn)略性武器（可以摧毀遠(yuǎn)程導(dǎo)彈、洲際導(dǎo)彈和衛(wèi)星）。美國(guó)波音公司用于反導(dǎo)的機(jī)載激光武器系統(tǒng)。6、工業(yè)上：激光準(zhǔn)直、激光導(dǎo)航、激光打孔、光刻集成電路等。 美研制步兵用激光武器高能激光武器 “響尾蛇”AIM-9系列空空導(dǎo)彈 2015年美國(guó)空軍將裝備激光炮 用激光破壞威脅地球的小行星 用于偵查犯罪的袖珍激光器 激光-氧氣切割金屬激光打孔 用激光檢驗(yàn)路面質(zhì)量的專用汽車激光核聚變裝置半導(dǎo)體激光器工作物質(zhì)形態(tài) 可以分為氣體、固體、半導(dǎo)體、液體等工作方式 連續(xù)工作(CW or continuous wave lasers)和脈沖工作(Pulsed lasers)激光技術(shù) 調(diào)Q激光器(Q-switched lasers)、鎖模激光器(Mode locked lasers)、倍頻激光器(Frequency doubling lasers)、可調(diào)諧激光器(Tunable lasers)、單模和多模激光器(Single-mode and Multi-mode lasers)等六、激光器的分類七、課程內(nèi)容安排第一章 激光