國際結(jié)算法律環(huán)境概述

1、第二章 國際結(jié)算法律環(huán)境 第一節(jié) 國際結(jié)算法律環(huán)境概述第二節(jié) 國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋規(guī)則第三節(jié) 托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則第四節(jié) 跟單信用證統(tǒng)一規(guī)則第五節(jié) 其他慣例與規(guī)則第一節(jié)國國際結(jié)結(jié)算法律律環(huán)境概概述一、國際際結(jié)算法法律環(huán)境境所謂國際際結(jié)算的的法律環(huán)環(huán)境，即即指國際際結(jié)算過過程中的的各種法法律系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)及法律律安排。它由法法律、慣慣例兩部部分構(gòu)成成，涉及及貿(mào)易、金融、貨運(yùn)等等各個(gè)領(lǐng)領(lǐng)域或環(huán)環(huán)節(jié)。二、票據(jù)的法法律系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)1.國外票據(jù)據(jù)法體系系法國1673年路路易十十四頒發(fā)發(fā)商事敕令令（Ordinancesurle Commerce），規(guī)范范匯票和和本票的的簽發(fā)和和流通，為近代代各國票票據(jù)法的的開端。1807年拿拿破侖

2、侖商法典（Code de Commerce）1865年支票法1936年參參考日內(nèi)瓦統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一匯票票本票法法和日內(nèi)瓦統(tǒng)一支票票法（合稱日內(nèi)瓦統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一票據(jù)據(jù)法）公布實(shí)實(shí)施現(xiàn)行行的票據(jù)法和支票法。二、票據(jù)據(jù)的法律律系統(tǒng)德國 1847年制制定德德意志普通票據(jù)據(jù)條例1871年正正式公公布實(shí)施施1908年支票法1933年參參考日內(nèi)瓦統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一匯票票本票法法和日內(nèi)瓦統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一支票票法（合稱日內(nèi)瓦統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一票據(jù)據(jù)法）公布實(shí)實(shí)施現(xiàn)行行的票據(jù)法和支票法。二、票據(jù)的法法律系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)英國1882年頒頒發(fā)票據(jù)法（Bill of Exchange Act），內(nèi)容包括匯票票、本票票和支票票（作為為匯票的的一種），適用用性較強(qiáng)。1957年頒頒布布

3、支票法作補(bǔ)充。匯票、本票和和支票作作規(guī)定美國1896年制制定定統(tǒng)一流通通證券法法，對(duì)匯票票、本票票和支票票作規(guī)定。1952年公公布統(tǒng)一商法法典（Uniform CommercialCode），第三篇為為“商業(yè)業(yè)證券”（commercial paper），以匯票、本票票、支票票和存單單（certificateofdeposit）為規(guī)范對(duì)對(duì)象。二、票據(jù)的法法律系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)2.國際票據(jù)據(jù)法第一階段段：20世紀(jì)初一戰(zhàn)前19101912年期間，由德、意提議議，荷蘭蘭政府主主持召開開了兩次次國際票票據(jù)法統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一會(huì)議議，有31各國家參參加，制制訂了統(tǒng)一票據(jù)據(jù)規(guī)則等，除日日本代表表未簽字字，英、美保留留參加外外，其余

4、余國家均均簽字。后因一一戰(zhàn)開始始，最終終未能實(shí)實(shí)施。第二階段段：一一戰(zhàn)后二戰(zhàn)前19301931年間，30多各國家家參加了了國際聯(lián)聯(lián)盟理事事會(huì)在日日內(nèi)瓦召召開的國國際票據(jù)據(jù)法統(tǒng)一一會(huì)議，議定了了統(tǒng)一匯票票、本票票法和統(tǒng)一支票票法，有29個(gè)國家簽簽字。這這些國家家屬大陸日內(nèi)內(nèi)瓦統(tǒng)一一法系。第三階段段：20世紀(jì)70年代后19731988年聯(lián)聯(lián)合國國國際貿(mào)貿(mào)易法委委員會(huì)擬擬訂了國際匯票票和國際際本票公公約草案案和國際支票票公約草草案。1990年開放簽簽字，迄迄今尚未未生效。二、票據(jù)的法法律系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)三、我國國的票據(jù)據(jù)法隋末唐初初“帖子”，最早早具有票票據(jù)性質(zhì)質(zhì)的文書書，支票票的雛形形。唐憲宗時(shí)時(shí)期“飛錢”

5、。宋太祖開開寶年間間“便錢”、“便便錢務(wù)”。北宋初期期“交子”。南宋初期期“關(guān)子”。明、清時(shí)時(shí)期匯匯券券、匯兌兌票、匯匯兌信、匯條、莊票、期票、銀票等。1907年（光緒緒33年）聘聘請(qǐng)日本本法學(xué)家家志田甲甲太郎起起草票據(jù)據(jù)法。1929年民國政府府確定匯匯票、本本票、支支票這三三種票據(jù)據(jù)，并頒頒布相關(guān)法法律。1982年上上海海市人行行制定票據(jù)承兌兌、貼現(xiàn)現(xiàn)辦法。1984年人人民民銀行商業(yè)匯票票承兌、貼現(xiàn)暫暫行辦法法。1994年中華人民民共和國國票據(jù)法法（草案） 。1996年1月1日生生效效實(shí)施。二、票據(jù)的法法律系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)“有金甲甲人持戈戈曰：汝要錢錢，可索索取尉遲遲公帖來來，此是是尉遲敬敬德錢也也。

6、書書生訪求求不見，至鐵冶冶處，有有鍛鐵尉尉遲敬德德者。書書生曰：某貧貧困，足足下富貴貴，敬乞乞錢五百百貫。尉遲不不得已，令書生生執(zhí)筆曰曰：錢錢付某乙乙五百貫貫，是月月日，署署名于后后，書書生拜謝謝持去。書生既既得帖，復(fù)至庫庫中，見見金甲人人呈之，笑曰：是也也。遺遺書生取取錢，止止于五百百貫?！碧埔菔?二、票據(jù)的法法律系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)“寧宗以以錢少，復(fù)禁用用銅器，時(shí)商賈賈至京師師，委托托諸道進(jìn)進(jìn)奏院及及諸軍、諸使、富戶以以輕裝趨趨四方，合券乃乃取之，號(hào)曰飛錢?！毙绿茣池浿尽俺跏袷弦砸藻X重，私為券券，謂之之交子，以便貿(mào)貿(mào)易?！崩m(xù)資治通通鑒三、國際際慣例特點(diǎn)：必須在一一定范圍圍內(nèi)（如如一個(gè)行行業(yè)）被被人們經(jīng)

7、經(jīng)常不斷斷地、反反復(fù)地采采用必須具有有明確的的、易于于被人們們接受的的內(nèi)容必須在該該范圍內(nèi)內(nèi)被人們們公認(rèn)并并對(duì)當(dāng)事事人有約約束力最早出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)的國際際慣例是是關(guān)于國國際航運(yùn)運(yùn)方面的的。國國際貿(mào)易易術(shù)語解解釋通則則Incoterms，1936，國際際商會(huì)三、國際際慣例第一，它它規(guī)范了了人們的的商業(yè)做做法，降降低交易易成本第二，當(dāng)當(dāng)事人聲聲明按國國際慣例例行事，體現(xiàn)了了一種國國際風(fēng)范范，提高高了自身身的商業(yè)業(yè)信用第三，國國際慣例例還可供供法院或或者仲裁裁機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)對(duì)糾紛進(jìn)進(jìn)行調(diào)解解、仲裁裁和判決決。第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則國際商會(huì)會(huì)(InternationalChamber of Commerc

8、e，簡稱ICC)：于1919年在美國國大西洋洋城成立立，總部部設(shè)于巴巴黎。國國際商會(huì)會(huì)是世界界上最重重要的民民間經(jīng)貿(mào)貿(mào)組織，它是聯(lián)聯(lián)合國的的一級(jí)咨咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)。目的：在在自由、平等的的基礎(chǔ)上上改善世世界貿(mào)易易和投資資。宗旨：在在經(jīng)濟(jì)和和法律領(lǐng)領(lǐng)域里，以有效效的行動(dòng)動(dòng)促進(jìn)開開放的國國際貿(mào)易易和投資資的發(fā)展展。第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則工作手段段：（1）制定國國際經(jīng)貿(mào)貿(mào)領(lǐng)域的的規(guī)則、慣例并并向全世世界商界界推廣；（2）代表國國際商界界與各國國政府和和國際組組織對(duì)話話，以求求創(chuàng)造有有利于自自由貿(mào)易易和自由由競爭的的國際環(huán)環(huán)境；（3）促進(jìn)會(huì)會(huì)員之間間的經(jīng)貿(mào)貿(mào)合作并并為商界界提供各各種實(shí)際際服務(wù)等

9、等。第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則構(gòu)成：目目前國際際商會(huì)有有來自140多個(gè)國家家和地區(qū)區(qū)的近1萬家商會(huì)會(huì)、協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)公司、企業(yè)和和個(gè)人會(huì)會(huì)員，并并在63個(gè)國家設(shè)設(shè)立了國國家委員員會(huì)。國國際商會(huì)會(huì)下設(shè)30多個(gè)專業(yè)業(yè)委員會(huì)會(huì)和工作作組以進(jìn)進(jìn)行各種種活動(dòng)。我國于1985年開始同同國際商商會(huì)接觸觸，經(jīng)過過9年多的談?wù)勁?，于?994年11月加入國國際商會(huì)會(huì)，并被被正式授授予中國國國際商商會(huì)(ChinaChamber of InternationalCommerceCCOIC）成員國地地位，1995年1月1日正式成成立了國國際商會(huì)會(huì)中國國國家委員員會(huì)(簡稱國際際商會(huì)CHINA)。第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語

10、解釋釋規(guī)則國際商會(huì)會(huì)制定國際貿(mào)易易術(shù)語解解釋通則則的目的“在于對(duì)對(duì)國際貿(mào)貿(mào)易合同同中所使使用的貿(mào)貿(mào)易術(shù)語語供給一一套具有有國際性性的通則則的解釋釋，使從從事商業(yè)業(yè)的人們們?cè)诓煌瑖矣杏胁煌牡慕忉尩牡那闆r下下，能選選用確定定而統(tǒng)一一的解釋釋。”現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在如果果采用通則，可以“避免不不同國家家對(duì)這些些術(shù)語作作不同的的解釋，或者至至少可將將這種情情況減少少到盡可可能少的的程度?！钡诙?jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則國際商會(huì)會(huì)（ICC）于1936年首次公公布了一一套解釋釋貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語的國國際規(guī)則則，名為為Incoterms1936，以后又于于1953年、1967年、1976年、1980年、1990年和，1

11、999年再次進(jìn)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充充和修訂訂。最新新的通則于2000年正式實(shí)實(shí)施，稱稱Incoterms2000，中文為2000年國際貿(mào)易易術(shù)語解解釋通則則。修訂的的目的是是使這些些規(guī)則適適應(yīng)當(dāng)前前國際貿(mào)貿(mào)易實(shí)踐踐的發(fā)展展。Incoterms：International CommercialTerms第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則什么是貿(mào)貿(mào)易術(shù)語語貿(mào)易術(shù)語語又稱價(jià)價(jià)格術(shù)語語或價(jià)格格條件（PriceTerms），是規(guī)規(guī)定價(jià)格格的構(gòu)成成及買賣賣雙方各各自應(yīng)承承擔(dān)的責(zé)責(zé)任、費(fèi)費(fèi)用，風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及及確定貨貨物所有有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移移時(shí)限的的專門用用語。貿(mào)易術(shù)語語用三個(gè)個(gè)英文縮縮寫字母母來表示示以下概概念：（1）出出口商品品

12、的交貨貨地點(diǎn)，（2）出口商商品的價(jià)價(jià)格構(gòu)成成，（3）進(jìn)出出口雙方方各自應(yīng)應(yīng)辦的進(jìn)進(jìn)出口手手續(xù)，（4）進(jìn)進(jìn)出口雙雙方各自自應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)擔(dān)的費(fèi)用用及應(yīng)承承擔(dān)的風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則為了便于于理解，將所有有的術(shù)語語分為4個(gè)基本不不同的類類型：E組：啟運(yùn)(Departure)術(shù)語，指賣方僅僅在自己己的地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)為買方方備妥貨貨物；F組：主運(yùn)費(fèi)未未付(Main carriage unpaid)術(shù)語，賣方必必須將貨貨物交給給由買方方指定的的承運(yùn)人人。C組：主運(yùn)費(fèi)已已付(Main carriage paid)術(shù)語，賣方必必須訂立立運(yùn)輸合合同，但但不負(fù)擔(dān)擔(dān)由于裝裝運(yùn)和發(fā)發(fā)運(yùn)后發(fā)發(fā)生的事事件所引引起的

13、貨貨物滅失失或損壞壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)或額外外費(fèi)用；D組：到達(dá)(Arrival)術(shù)語，賣方必必須負(fù)擔(dān)擔(dān)將貨物物運(yùn)至目目的地國國家所需需的一切切費(fèi)用和和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則其中EXW、FCA、CPT、CIP、DAF、DDU、DDP七種術(shù)語語可適用用于包括括國際多多式聯(lián)運(yùn)運(yùn)在內(nèi)的的各種運(yùn)運(yùn)輸方式式；其余余六種術(shù)術(shù)語只能能適用于于海上運(yùn)運(yùn)輸和內(nèi)內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸輸。FCA還適合于于空運(yùn)和和鐵路運(yùn)運(yùn)輸。第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則十三種貿(mào)貿(mào)易術(shù)語語EXW工廠交貨貨（指定地地點(diǎn)）“Exworksmeansthattheseller delivers whenheplaces thegoodsatt

14、hedisposalofthe buyer at theseller spremisesoranothernamedplace( i. e. works,factory,warehouse, etc.)notclearedforexport andnotloaded on anycollecting vehicle.This termthusrepresents theminimum obligationfor theseller, andtile buyer hastobear allcostsandrisksinvolvedmtakingthe goods fromthe sellers

15、premises.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則However,ifthepartieswish thesellertoberesponsiblefor theloading of thegoodsondepartureand to bearthe risks andallthe costs of suchloading,thisshouldbemadeclearbyaddingexplicitwordingtothis effectinthecontractofsale.Thisterm shouldnotbeusedwhen thebuyercannotcarryout theexpo

16、rtformalitiesdirectlyorindirectly.Insuchcircumstances,theFCA termshould be used, provided theselleragrees thathewillload at hiscost andrisk.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則FCA貨交承運(yùn)運(yùn)人（指定地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)）Free Carrier means thatthe sellerdeliversthegoods, clearedfor export,tothe carriernominated by thebuyeratthenamedplace. It shou

17、ldbenotedthat thechosenplaceofdeliveryhas an impactontheobligationsofloadingandunloading thegoodsatthat place.Ifdeliveryoccursatthe sellers premises,theseller is responsible forloading.Ifdeliveryoccursatany other place,theseller is notresponsibleforunloading.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則This termmay be usedirre

18、spective of themode of transport,includingmultimodaltransport.Carriermeansany personwho, in acontractofcarriage, undertakestoperformortoprocure theperformanceoftransportbyrail,road,air,sea, inlandwaterwayorbya combination of suchmodes.Ifthebuyernominates aperson other thanacarrier to receivethe good

19、s,theseller is deemedtohave fulfilledhisobligationtodeliver thegoodswhen theymedelivered to thatperson.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則FAS船邊交貨貨（指定裝運(yùn)運(yùn)港）“Free AlongsideShipmeansthat thesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsare placedalongsidethe vesselatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthat thebuyerhastobearallcostsand risks of

20、lossofordamage to thegoodsfrom thatmoment.TheFAS termrequiresthe sellertoclearthegoodsfor export.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則THIS IS AREVERSALFROMPREVIOUSINCOTERMSVERSIONSWHICHREQUIREDTHE BUYER TO ARRANGEFOR EXPORTCLEARANCE.However,ifthepartieswish thebuyertoclearthegoodsfor export,thisshouldbemadeclearbyaddin

21、gexplicitwordingtothis effectinthecontractofsale.This termcan be usedonlyforsea or inlandwaterwaytransport.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則FOB船上交貨貨（指定裝運(yùn)運(yùn)港）“FreeonBoardmeansthattheseller delivers whenthe goods passthe shipsrail at thenamedport of shipment.This means thatthe buyer hastobear allcostsandrisksoflossofo

22、rdamagetothe goods fromthatpoint.The FOBterm requires thesellertoclearthe goods forexport. Thistermcanbeusedonly forseaorinland waterway transport.Ifthe partiesdonot intendtodeliver thegoodsacrossthe shipsrail,theFCA termshould be used.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則CFR成本加運(yùn)運(yùn)費(fèi)（指定目的的港）“Cost andFreight means thatthe

23、 sellerdeliverswhen thegoodspass theships railinthe portofshipment.Theseller mustpay thecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthe goods to thepanedport of destination BUTtheriskofloss of or damagetothegoods, as wellasany additionalcostsdue to eventsoccurringafterthe timeofdelivery, we transferred fromthe s

24、ellertothebuyer.TheCFRtermrequirestheseller to clear thegoodsforexport.This termcan he usedonlyforsea andinlandwaterwaytransport.Ifthepartiesdonotintend to deliverthe goods acrosstheships rail, theCPTtermshouldbeused.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則CIF成本、保保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加加運(yùn)費(fèi)（指定目的的港）“Cost,Insuranceand Freight means thatthe sel

25、lerdeliverswhen thegoodspasstheships railinthe portofshipment.Theseller mustpay thecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthe podstothe named portofdestinationBUT therisk of lossofordamage to thegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoevents occurringafterthetimeofdelivery,are transferred fromthe sellertothebu

26、yer. However, in CIFtheseller alsohas to procuremarine insuranceagainst thebuyers riskoflossofordamagetothe goods duringthecarriage.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則Consequently, thesellercontracts forinsuranceand paysthe insurancepremium.Thebuyershould notethatundertheCIF termthe sellerisrequiredtoobligation insur

27、anceonly on minimumcover1.Shouldthe buyer wishtohavetheprotectionofgreater cover,hewouldeitherneedtoagreeassuch expresslywith thesellerortomakehisown extra insurancearrangements.TheCIF termrequiresthe sellertoclearthegoodsfor export.This termcan be usedonlyforsea andinlandwaterwaytransport.Ifthepart

28、iesintendtodeliverthegoodsacross theshipsrail,the CIPterm shouldbeused.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則CPT運(yùn)費(fèi)付至至（指定目的的地） Carriagepaidto. means thatthe sellerdeliversthegoodstothe carriernominated by him,but thesellermustinadditionpaythe costofcarriagenecessary to bring thegoodstothenameddestination. Thismeansthatth

29、ebuyerbearsaft risks andanyothercostsoccurringafterthegoodshave beensodelivered.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則“Carriermeans,who, ina contract of carriage,undertakestoperformortoprocure theperformanceoftransport, by rail, road, air,sea,inlandwaterwayorbyacombinationofsuch modes.Ifsubsequent carriers areused forth

30、ecarriagetothe agreeddestination,the riskpasses whenthe goods havebeendeliveredtothe first carrier.TheCPT termrequiresthe sellertoclearthegoodsfor export.This termmay be usedirrespective of themode of transportincludingmultimodaltransport.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則CIP運(yùn)費(fèi)和保保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付付至（指定目的的地）“CarriageandInsurance p

31、aidto.”meansthat thesellerdeliversthe goods thecarrier nominatedbyhimbut thesellermustm addition paythecostofcarriagenecessarytobringthe goods to thenameddestination.Thismeansthat thebuyerbearsallrisksand anyadditional costs occurringafterthegoodshavebeen so delivered.However,inCIP theselleralsohast

32、oprocureinsuranceagainstthebuyersrisk of lossofordamage to thegoodsduringthe carriage.Consequently, thesellercontracts forinsuranceand paysthe insurancepremium.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則Thebuyershould notethatundertheCIP termthe sellerisrequiredtoobtaininsuranceonly on minimumcover. Shouldthebuyerwishtohave

33、theprotection of greatercover, he would eitherneed to agree as suchexpressly withthe sellerortomake hisownextrainsurance arrangements.Carriermeansany personwho, in acontractofcarriage, undertakestoperformortoprocure theperformanceoftransport, by rail, road, air,sea,inlandwaterwayorbyacombinationofsu

34、ch modes.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則Ifsubsequent carriers areused forthecarriagetothe agreeddestination,the riskpasses whenthe goods havebeendeliveredtothe first carrier.TheCIP termrequiresthe sellertoclearthegoodsfor export.This termmayheusedirrespectiveofthe modeoftransport includingmultimodal transport.第二節(jié)

35、國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則DAF邊境交貨貨（指定地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)）DeliveredatFrontier means thatthe sellerdeliverswhen thegoodsareplaced at thedisposalofthebuyeronthe arriving means of transportnotunloaded, clearedfor export,but notcleared forimportatthe named point andplaceatthefrontier, butbeforethe customsborder of theadjoiningcount

36、ry.Thetermfrontier maybeused foranyfrontierincluding thatofthe countryofexport,Therefore, it is of vital importancethatthefrontierinquestionbedefinedpreciselybyalways namingthepointand place in theterm.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則However,ifthepartieswish thesellertoheresponsiblefor theunloadingofthe goods form

37、the arriving means of transportandtobeartherisksand costs of unloading,thisshouldhemadeclearbyaddingexplicitwordingtothis effectinthecontractofsale.This termmay be usedirrespective of themode of transportwhen goods aretobedeliveredataland frontier.When delivery is to takeplaceinthe portofdestination

38、, on board avessel or on thequay (wharf), theDESorDEQ terms shouldbeused.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則DES目的港船船上交貨貨（指定目的的港） DeliveredExShip means thatthe sellerdeliverswhen thegoodsareplaced at thedisposalofthebuyeronboardthe shipnot clearedfor importatnamedport of destination.Theseller hastobear allthecostsand

39、risks involved in bringing thegoodstothenamedportofdestinationbeforedischarging. If theparties wishthe sellertobear thecostsandfishofdischargingthegoods, thenthe DEQterm shouldbeused.This terms canbeused onlywhenthegoodsamtobedelivered by seaorinlandwaterwayormultimodaltransportonavesselinthe portof

40、destination.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則DEQ目的港碼碼頭交貨貨（指定目的的港）“DeliveredExQuaymeansthattheseller delivers whenthe podsare placedatthedisposalofthe buyer notcleared forimportonthe quay(wharf)atthenamedportofdestination.The sellerhastobearcostsandrisksinvolvedmbringingthegoodstothe named portofdestinationand disch

41、arging thegoodsOnthequay(wharf).TheDEQtermrequiresthebuyertoclearthe goods forandtopay forallformalities, duties,taxesand other chargesuponimport.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則THIS IS AREVERSALFROMPREVIOUSINCOTERMSVERSIONSWHICHREQUIREDTHE SELLERTOARRANGE FORIMPORTCLEARANCE.Ifthepartieswish to includeinthe seller

42、s obligations allorpart of thecostspayable uponimport of thegoods,thisshouldhemadeclearbyaddingexplicitwordingtothis effectinthecontractofsale.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則DDU未完稅交交貨（指定目的的港）“Delivered dutyunpaidmeansthat thesellerdeliversthe goods to diebuyer,not clearedfor import,and notunloadedfrom my arriving

43、 means of transportatthenamedplaceofdestination. Thesellerhas to bearthe costs andrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthereto,otherthan,whereapplicable,any “duty”(Whichterm includes theresponsibilityforand therisksofthecarryingout of customsformalities, andthepaymentofformalities,custom duties,taxesand o

44、ther charges) forimportinthe countryofdestination. Suchduty hastobebornebythebuyeraswellasanycostsand risks causedbyhisfailuretotoclearthegoodsfor importintime.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則However,ifthepartieswish thesellertocarryout customformalitiesandbearthecostsand risks resultingtherefromaswell as someofth

45、e costs payableuponimportofthe goods,this shouldbemade clear by addingexplicitwording to thiseffect in thecontractofsale.This termmay be usedirrespective of themode of transportbutwhendeliveryistotake place in theport of destination on board thevesseloronthe quay(wharf),theDES or DEQterm shouldbeused.第二節(jié)國國際際貿(mào)易術(shù)術(shù)語解釋釋規(guī)則DDP完稅后交交貨（指定目的的港）“Delivered dutypaidmeansthattheseller delivers thegoodstothebuyer, forimport, andnotunloadedfromanyarrivingmeansoftransport at thenamedplaceofdestination.The sellerhastobearallthe costs andrisksinvolvedbringingthegoodstheretoincluding, where applicable