2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)89

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Inthepastthreedecadesgreatchanges,especiallythewayyoungeradultsviewmarriage,havetakenplaceinsociety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inthepastthreedecades

B.especiallythe

C.youngeradults

D.insociety

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】B

【解析】副詞誤用。especially改為particularly。副詞especially一般表示某事物在意義、程度、重要性性超過(guò)其他事物。而particularly往往著重說(shuō)明與同類(lèi)事物不同的個(gè)別事物。

2.填空題

Thankyoufor（1）myquestions.IhopeIhaven’ttakenuptoomuchofyour（2）

【答案】1.answering

2.time

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。句意:謝謝你回答我的問(wèn)題。

2.語(yǔ)義題。句意:希望沒(méi)有占用你太多時(shí)間。

3.填空題

1washungry,（1）Iwentintoarestaurantandordered（2）food.Thewaiter（3）alongtimetobringme（4）Ihadordered.Whenhefinallybroughtit,he（5）forthedelay.

句意:我餓了，所以我走進(jìn)一家餐館后就點(diǎn)了些吃的。服務(wù)員花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才把我點(diǎn)的東西端上來(lái)。當(dāng)他終于端上來(lái)時(shí)，他就延遲上菜向我道歉。

【答案】1.so

2.some

3.spent

4.what

5.apologized

【解析】1.邏輯分析?？崭袂昂缶錇橐蚬P(guān)系。

2.語(yǔ)義題。somefood表示“一些食物”。

3.固定搭配。spendalongtimetodosth.做某事花了很久。

4.語(yǔ)法題?？疾殛P(guān)系代詞。what作為關(guān)系代詞（所…的事物）代替前面點(diǎn)的吃的東西。

5.固定搭配。apologizeforsth.為…道歉。整個(gè)句子為一般過(guò)去時(shí),因此此處也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

4.單選題

Eventhoughcultureswidelyassumethatboysarestrongerandsturdierthangirls,basicbiologicalweaknessesarebuiltintothemaleofourspecies.Firstofall,humanmalesseemtobeslowlydisappearing.MotherNaturehasalwaysacknowledgedandcompensatedforthefragilityandlossofboysbyarrangingformoreofthem:106malebirthsto100femalenewbornsoverthecourseofhumanhistory.Butinrecentdecades,fromtheUnitedStatestoJapan,fromCanadatonorthernEurope,whereverresearchershavelooked,therateofmalenewbornshasdeclined.ExaminingUSbirthrecordsfortheyearsbetween1970and1990,theyfound1.7fewerboysper1,000thanindecadesandcenturiespast;Japan'slossinthesamedecadeswas3.7boys.

Boysarealsomorethantwo-thirdsmorelikelythangirlstobebomprematurelybeforethe37thweekofpregnancy.And,despiteadvancesinpublichealth,boysinthe1990sfaceda30percenthigherchanceofdeathbytheirfirstbirthdaythangirls;incontrast,backinthe1750s,theywereonly10percentmorelikelythangirlstodiesoearlyintheirlives.

Oncetheymakeittochildhood,boysfaceotherchallenges.Theyaremorepronetoarangeofneurologicaldisorders.Autism自閉癥isnotoriouslyhigheramongboysthangirls:nownearlyfivetimesmorelikely,astalliedbytheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Theyaremoresusceptiblethangirlstodamagefromverylow-levelexposuretolead.Yetanotherproblem:boyssufferfromasthmaathigherrates.There'salsoastrongerlinkbetweenairpollutionandautisminboys.

Whydoboysfacesuchaburdenofphysicalchallenges?Theansweristhatthemale’sproblemsstartinthewomb:fromhismorecomplicatedfetaldevelopment,tohisgeneticmakeup,tohowhishormoneswork.Thenine-monthtransformationfromafewcellstoaninfantisatimeofgreatvulnerability.Manychronicillnessesareseededinthewomb.Inourspecies,thefemaleisthedefaultgender,thebasicsimplermodel:Humansstartoutinthewombwithfemalefeatures(thatiswhymaleshavenipples).Thecomplicatedtransformationinthewombfromfemaletomaleexposesthemaletoajourneypackedwithspecialperils.Whenthefirstblastoftestosterone睪酮fromtheYgenecomesalongatabouttheeighthweek,theunisexbrainhastomorphintoamalebrain,killingoffsomecellsinthecommunicationcentersandgrowingmorecellsinthesexandaggressioncenters.Thesimplerfemalereproductivesystemhastoturnintothemorecomplexmalereproductivetract,developingtissuessuchasthetestisandprostate前列腺.Further,ittakesagreaternumberofcelldivisionstomakeamale;witheachcomesthegreaterriskofanerroraswellasthegreatervulnerabilitytoahitfrompollutants.

Ontopofthatchallenge,thehumanmale’sXYchromosome染色體combinationissimplymorevulnerable.ThetwoXXsinthefemaleversionofourspeciesoffersomeprotection:IndisorderswhereoneXchromosomehasageneticdefect,thefemale’shealthybackupchromosomecantakeover.ButwithhissingleXchromosome,themalelacksahealthycopyofthegenetofallbackon.TheXchromosome,whichnevershrank,isalsoalargerchromosome“withfarmoregeneticinformationthantheYchromosome，’’findsIrvaHertz-Piciotto,aUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisautismresearcher,“sotheremaybesomeinherentlossofkeyproteinsforbraindevelopmentorrepairmechanismsinboys.”Thisisacluetothehigherautismrateamongboys,sheasserts.

Femalesalsohaveastrongerimmunesystembecausetheyarepackedwithestrogen雌激素，ahormonethatcounteractstheantioxidantprocess.“Estrogenprotectsthebrain,”explainsTheodoreSlotkin,professorofneurobiologyatDukeUniversity'sSchoolofMedicine.“Itrepairsandreplaces,evenafterneuralinjury,”Lowestrogenevenleavesboysmoresensitivetoheadinjuries.Themalebrain“issimplyamorefragileapparatus,moresensitivetoalmostallbraininsults,”saysleadpoisoningexpertHerbertNeedleman.

Itisthehighlevelsoftestosteroneinthewombatcriticaltimesingestation,accordingtoBritishpsychopathologistSimonBaron-Cohen,thatareresponsibleforwhathecalls“theextrememalebrain”--thekindexhibitedbyautisticboys-lowinempathy,highinsystematizing.AndinfactUSresearchersinrecentdecadeshavefoundunusuallylowestrogenandhightestosteronelevelsamongboyswithautism.

Ifthebalanceofhormonesisoutofwhackinmales,whatmadethathappen?Researchersarecomingupwithsomeclues.IntheNewYorkCityneighborhoodsnearColumbiaUniversity'sCenterforChildren’sEnvironmentalHealth,familiesforyearsroutinelysprayedtheirapartmentswithapopularinsecticide,chlorpyrifos,untilitwasbannedfromhouseholdusein2001.TheresearchersfoundthatprenatalexposuretothechemicalseemedtohavemoreofaneffectonreducingtheIQsofboysthangirls.Disruptionoftheirmalehormonesmaybethereason,“Onepossibleexplanationforthegreatersensitivityofboystochlorpyrifosisthattheinsecticideactsasanendocrinedisruptor肉分泌'干擾素tosuppresssex-specifichormones,”saidstudyleaderMeganHortonofColumbia.

Similarly,pregnantmothers'exposuretophthalates鄰苯二甲酸酉旨一usedinmakingsomevinyl乙矯基productsandtoysaswellassomepersonalcareproducts-hasbeenlinkedtobiggerchangesinthebehavior,suchasaggressionandattentionproblems,oftheirsonsthantheirdaughters.Phthalatesalsomayfeminizemalegenitalia.

BoysalsoseemtobemorevulnerabletobisphenolA,anestrogenicsubstanceusedtomakepolycarbonateplasticsaswellastheliningsoffoodandbeveragecans.Boys,butnotgirls,exposedtohigherbisphenolAlevelsinthewomborduringchildhoodhadmorehyperactivity,aggressionandanxietyproblems,accordingtoaUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleystudy.Inaddition,pregnantwomenexposedtohigherlevelsofthechemicalgavebirthtobabyboyswithlowerthyroidhormones甲狀腺激素.Nosucheffectwasdetectedinthebabygirls.Nooneknowswhattheselowerlevelsmaymeanfortheboys’healthbecausetheyremainedwithinnormalboundaries,butitcouldhaveimportanteffectsbecausethyroidhormonesguidebraindevelopment.

Someofthesechemicalsactlikefakeestrogens,otherslikefaketestosterone,butbothtypesseemtodisruptnormaldevelopment.Animaltestsshowthatadoseofthesechemicalsinflictthemostdamagewhenithitsafetus.And,becauseoftheirbiologicalvulnerabilities,itisboyswhomayexperiencethemosteffects.Whilenotforgoingthepushforfairnessandequality,itseemswisetoacceptthescientificrealityofmaleweaknesses.Thislikelywon'tmeantheendofmen,buttheirvulnerabilitytoenvironmentalcontaminantsanddiseasescouldhaveseriousramificationsforthefutureoftheentirehumanraceunlesswefindwaystoprotectthemfromharm.

1.IftextBisaccurate,thentheevidencefortheassertionthathumanmalesaregraduallydisappearingis（

）.

2.Comparedwithgirls,boysare（

）.

3.Nipplesinhumansarefoundonthe（

）.

4.Inparagraph10theauthorassertsthatchronicdiseases（

）.

5.Backupinparagraph11meanssomethingthat（

）.

6.Thelevelsofthyroidhormonesinnewbommales,mentionedinparagraph16,（

）.

7.ImaginethatenvironmentalpollutioncontinuesatcurrentorhigherlevelsinChina.IftheinformationintextBiscorrect,thenChinesedoctorsshouldexpecttoobserve（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incontrovertible

B.soweakastocalltheassertionintoquestion

C.largelyfromadvancedindustrialsocietiesandneedstobesupplementedwithdatafromothertypesofsocieties

D.strongenoughtowarrantfutureresearchintothepost-masculineworldthatliesahead

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aboutequallyabletosurvivetotheirfirstbirthday.

B.stilllesslikelytosurviveforayearafterbirth,butthegapisnarrowing.

C.lesslikelytosurvivetilltheirfirstbirthday,andthegapiswiderthaninearliercenturies.

D.muchlikeliertosurvivetotheirfirstbirthday,thoughthegapisnotsowideasitwasinthe1700s.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.head.

B.chest.

C.hips.

D.limbs.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.beginbeforebirthbutonlybecomeapparentovertime.

B.arelesscharacteristicofwomenthanofmen.

C.originate,asarule,beforechildrenarebom.

D.areoftentheeventualresultofprenatalconditionsandstresses.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.canstepinandtakeoverthefunctionofsomethingthatisnotworkingproperly.

B.destroysamalfunctioningpart,thusbenefitingtheoverallsystemororganism.

C.preventsasystemfromcontinuingalongapaththatmayendinbreakdownordestruction.

D.canreverseandchangeitsdirectionwhenitencountersaproblem,thusenablingaprocesstocontinue.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.arenotalarminginthemselves,butsignificantbecausetheyaresodifferentformalesandfemales.

B.willdefinitelyleadtomorebrain-damagedboysthangirls,

C.seemcertaintoproduceamarkedgapinbraindevelopmentthatwillfavorgirlsoverboys.

D.leadtomorehyperactivity,aggressionandanxietyamongmalechildrenthanamongfemales.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.adeclineintheratesofautism,asthmaandbraindamagefromleadpoisoningamongChinesechildren

B.aroughlysimilarpatternofincreasingincidenceofautism,asthmaandlead-linkedbraindamageamongallmainlandchildren

C.fewercasesofasthmaamongboysgrowingupinmainlandcitiesandtownsbutmorecasesofautismandlead-linkedbraindamageamongallChinesechildren

D.moreautism,asthmaandlead-linkedbraindamageamongChineseboysgrowingupincitiesthanamongothergroupsofyoungpeopleinthePRC

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。第十七段:Thislikelywon'tmeantheendofmen(但這將不可能意味著男性的消失……)。由此可知B項(xiàng)“說(shuō)服力不強(qiáng)，以致對(duì)此觀(guān)點(diǎn)仍存懷疑”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第八段:...inthe1990sfaceda30percenthigherchanceofdeathbytheirfirstbirthdaythangirls;backinthe1750s,theywereonly10percentmorelikelythangirlstodiesoearlyintheirlives(在20世紀(jì)90年代，男嬰相比女?huà)朐谒麄円粴q生日前的死亡率高出30%,而在18世紀(jì)50年，這個(gè)比例只有10%)。由此可知C項(xiàng)“更不可能存活到他們的一歲生日，且相比早些的世紀(jì)，這個(gè)死亡率的差距變得更大”正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)常識(shí)乳頭在人的胸部，所以選擇B項(xiàng)“胸部”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第十段指出:Manychronicillnessesareseededinthewomb(許多慢性疾病在子宮內(nèi)就產(chǎn)生),由此可知C項(xiàng)“一般說(shuō)來(lái)，產(chǎn)生于孩子出生之前”正確。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第十三段:IndisorderswhereoneXchromosomehasageneticdefect,thefemale'shealthybackupchromosomecantakeover(在一個(gè)X染色體有遺傳缺陷的疾病中，女性健康的備用染色體可以取代)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“可以介入并接管無(wú)法正常工作的部分的功能”正確。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第十六段指出:Nooneknowswhattheselowerlevelsmaymeanfortheboys'healthbecausetheyremainedwithinnormalboundaries,butitcouldhaveimportanteffectsbecausethyroidhormonesguidebraindevelopment(沒(méi)有人知道甲狀腺激素水平低下可能會(huì)對(duì)男孩身體健康產(chǎn)生哪些影響，因?yàn)樗鼈內(nèi)蕴幵谡Ｋ椒秶畠?nèi)，但是它會(huì)導(dǎo)致重大影響，因?yàn)榧谞钕偌に匾龑?dǎo)大腦的發(fā)育)。由此可知C項(xiàng)“在大腦發(fā)育上似乎肯定會(huì)產(chǎn)生明顯差距，而這種差距將更有助于女孩子的大腦發(fā)育”正確。

7.推理判斷題。第九段:Boyssufferfromasthma哮喘athigherrates（男孩子得哮喘的機(jī)率更高）,There’salsoastrongerlinkbetweenairpollutionandautisminboys(這些與空氣污染和男孩易得自閉癥有很大關(guān)系)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“與在中國(guó)成長(zhǎng)的其他年輕人相比，中國(guó)男孩得自閉癥、哮喘與鉛中毒致腦損傷的幾率更高”正確。

5.單選題

SeveralofAsianprofessorswhospokeattheconferenceexpressedtheirsupportfortheideaofholdingaspecialmeetinginPerthtofacilitatemultinationalresearchontheeconomicAproblemsfacingthecountriesaroundtheIndianOcean.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.SeveralofAsianprofessors

B.attheconference

C.problemsfacingthe

D.countriesaroundthe

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】A

【解析】介詞多余。Several后面去掉Of。

6.填空題

AHaveyouseenmydictionary?Ican’tfindit（1）.

BIsthatitovertherebythedoor?

CItis!I（2）haveleftitthereyesterdayafternoonaswewereleavingfortheday.

句意:

你有看見(jiàn)我的字典嗎？我到處都找不到它。

在門(mén)口的那個(gè)是你的字典不？

是的！在昨天下午我們放學(xué)時(shí)，我有可能把它放在那里了。

【答案】1.anywhere

2.probably

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。anywhere:任何地方，到處。

2.語(yǔ)法題。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞left（動(dòng)詞leave的過(guò)去分詞）。

7.填空題

I（1）tospeakRussianfluently,butthat’snottruenow.Infact,Icanno（2）carry

onevenasimpleconversationinthelanguage.I（3）beabletogetbackmyformerfluencyifIstayedinRussiafora（4）months.

句意:過(guò)去我能很流利地講俄語(yǔ)，但是現(xiàn)在不能了。實(shí)際上，我現(xiàn)在甚至連簡(jiǎn)單的俄語(yǔ)對(duì)話(huà)都進(jìn)行不了。如果能在俄國(guó)待幾個(gè)月，我想自己應(yīng)該可以再次流利地說(shuō)俄語(yǔ)。

【答案】1.used

2.longer

3.should

4.few

【解析】1.固定搭配。Usedto過(guò)去常常。

2.固定搭配。Nolonger再也不能。

3.語(yǔ)法題?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。這里用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。

4.固定搭配。Afewmonths幾個(gè)月。

8.單選題

Inhislecture,ProfMendezreviewedtheevidencesforthealteredviewoftheplateboundarybetweentheIndiansubcontinentandtheTibetanPlateauthatisnowgaininggroundamong

Europeangeologist

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reviewedthe

B.evidencesforthealteredview

C.thatisnow

D.gainingground

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】B

【解析】名詞誤用。evidences去掉s。evidence在句中表示"證據(jù)",為不可數(shù)名詞。

9.填空題

Oneofourarticlesisabouttobe（1）inNature.Everyoneispleasedthatit’sappearinginahigh-profileinternationaljournal,buttherewasaserious（2）inourresearchgroup（3）overwhoshouldbetheleadauthor.Someofthe（4）

ofthegrouparestillangry.

【答案】1.published

2.such

3.debate

4.members

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。句中的Nature是指一種雜志，我們的文章應(yīng)該是“發(fā)表在”雜志中。

2.語(yǔ)義題。這里填such，suchahigh-profileinternationaljournal表示“如此引入注目的期刊”。

3.固定搭配。debateover就……進(jìn)行討論。

4.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)空格后的ofthegroup可以推斷出最后一個(gè)空可以填入members表示“團(tuán)隊(duì)的成員”。

10.填空題

Lookatthetime!It’salready5:10,andwehavetobeatthestationby5:45!Ifwedon’t（1）up,we’ll（2）ourtrain.

句意:你看看時(shí)間吧！現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)五點(diǎn)十分了，而我們必須在五點(diǎn)四十五分趕到火車(chē)站！如果我們不快點(diǎn)，就會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)。

【答案】1.hurry

2.miss

【解析】1.固定搭配。Hurryup快點(diǎn)。

2.語(yǔ)義題。句意:我們就會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)。

11.單選題

OrdinarilyProfessorLingisaperfectlyreasonableman,soIdon'tunderstandwhyheisbeingsostubborninthiscase.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aperfectly

B.Idon'tunderstandwhy

C.isbeing

D.inthiscase

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】E

12.單選題

1.Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweightAndlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated,”saidRebeccaGAdams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Thereisjustscadsofstuffonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell一beingthanfamilyrelationships.”

2.Inanewbook,“TheGirlsFromAmes:AStoryofWomenanda40—YearFriendship”(Gotham),JeffreyZaslowtellsthestoryof11childhoodfriendswhoscatteredfromIowatoeightdifferentStates.Despitethedistance,theirfriendshipsenduredthroughcollegeandmarriage,divorceandothercrises,includingthedeathofoneofthewomeninher20s.Using,scrapbooks,photoalbumsandthewomen’sownmemories,Mr.Zaslowchronicleshowtheirclosefriendshipshaveshapedtheirlivesandcontinuetosustainthem.Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter.

3.Twoofthefriendshaverecentlylearnedtheyhavebreastcancer.KellyZwagerman,

nowahighschoolteacherwholivesinNorthfield,Minn,saidthatwhenshegotherdiagnosisinSeptember2007，herdoctortoldhertosurroundherselfwithlovedones.Instead,shereachedouttoherchildhoodfriends,eventhoughtheylivedfaraway,“ThefirstpeopleItoldwerethewomenfromAmes，”shesaidinaninterview.Je-mailedthem.Iimmediatelyhade-mailsandphonecallsandmessagesofsupport.Itwasinstantthatthelovepouredinfromallofthem.”Whenshecomplainedthathertreatmentledtopainfulsoresinherthroat,anAmesgirlsentasmoothiemakerandrecipes.Another,whohadlostadaughtertoleukemia,sentMs.Zwagermanahand-knittedhat,knowingherheadwouldbecoldwithouthair,stillanothersentpajamasmadeofspecialfabrictohelpcopewithnightsweats.MsZwagermansaidshewasoftenmorecomfortablediscussingherillnesswithhergirlfriendsthanwithherdoctor，“Wegosofarbackthatthesewomenwilltalkaboutanything，”shesaid.

4.Ms.ZwagermansaysherfriendsfromAmeshavebeenanessentialfactorinhertreatmentandrecovery,andresearchherout.In2006,astudyofnearly3,000nurseswithbreastcancerfoundthatwomenwithoutclosefriendswerefourtimesaslikelytodiefromthediseaseaswomenwith10ormorefriends.Andnotably,proximityandtheamountofcontactwithafriendwasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Justhavingfriendswasprotective.

5.BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember.Inthestudyofnurseswithbreastcancer,havingaspousewasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too.Inasix-yearstudyof736middle-ageSwedishmen,attachmenttoasinglepersondidn’tappeartoaffecttheriskofheartattackandfatalcoronaryheartdisease,buthavingfriendshipsdid.Onlysmokingwasasimportantariskfactoraslackofsocialsupport.

6.Exactlywhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffectisn’tentirelyclear.Whilefriendscanrunerrandsandpickupmedicineforasickperson,thebenefitsgowellbeyondphysicalassistance;indeed,proximitydoesnotseemtobeafactor.Itmaybethatpeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.

7.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthentothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavetowerestimateofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknown,eachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared,“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto.”SaidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontologyatVirginiaTech.“Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.”

1.Thesignificanceoffriendshipinkeepingindividualshealth（

）.

2.JefferyZaslowhasrecentlypublishedabook（

）.

3.Thestudiescitedinthearticle（

）

4.Accordingtothearticle,psychologistBellaDepaulothinksthat（

）.

5.Thestudydescribedinparagraph6suggeststhatthepresenceoffriendsmakeshumanbeings（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Issomethingaboutwhichmedicalresearchsofarhasnothingtosay,thoughsocialscientistshavelongsuspecteditsrole

B.Hasbeenrecognizedbothintuitivelyandscientificallyformanydecades

C.Waslongoverlookedbyscientists,thoughinthelastfewyearssomej2orstudiesofithavebeenconducted

D.Isnowveryclearinallrespects.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Presentingtheresultsofmanyyearsorigorousscientificinvestigationoftheconnectionbetweenfriendshipandlongevity(=longlife)

B.Focusingontheverypositiverolethatfriendshiphasplayedinkeepingelevenwomenhealthyformorethanfortyyears.

C.Showingthatactivefriendshipisveryeffectiveindefeatingcancer

D.Thatexplorestheimpactofanetworkoffriendshipsonmanyaspectsofthelivesofelevenwomen,includingtheirhealth.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Seemtosuggestthatthepositiveeffectsoffriendshiponhealthdonotrequireactuallybeingnearfriends

B.Shedlightonthedissimilarhealthimpactofsame-sexfriendshipsversusfriendshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentsexes.

C.establishthatwomenhaveoreenduringfriendshipthatmendo,andbenefitaccordingly

D.provethatfriendshippromotesthehealthofmenandwomenequally.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Friendshipdoesnothavesogreataneffectonhealthasmarriageorbloodtiescan

B.Havingfriendsmaywellbemoreimportantforhealththanhavingrelativesoraspouse

C.Thekeytogoodhealthishavingatleastonepersonwhocanbecountedoninanillness

D.Havingaspouseisasseriousariskfactorassmokingforhumanhealthandlongevity

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.physicallystronger

B.recklessandunrealistic

C.moreenergetic

D.moreoptimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段提到了為證實(shí)友誼對(duì)健康的益處所做的研究并指出:Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated(總的來(lái)說(shuō)，友誼在我們生活中的作用并沒(méi)有得到重視)。故選C:長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)被科學(xué)家忽視,盡管在過(guò)去一些年中有做一些相關(guān)研究。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter(幾乎在每一章中，友誼對(duì)他們健康和福祉的作用都是顯而易見(jiàn)的)。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第五段:Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too(雖然許多對(duì)友誼的研究關(guān)注的是女性之間的親密關(guān)系，但一些研究表明，男性也可以從中受益),故選D。

4.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第五段:notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember(BellaDepaulo認(rèn)為在許多研究中，友誼對(duì)健康的影響比配偶或家庭成員更大)。故選B:對(duì)于健康而言,朋友可能比有親戚或配偶更重要。

5.推理判斷題。第六段講的是友誼對(duì)于健康的益處。

13.填空題

Thisafternoonwe’remeetingwith（1）E.U.environmentalofficialandsomeAustralianspecialiststotalkabouthowto（2）groundwaterpollutionintheTianjinarea.

【答案】1.an

2.prevent

【解析】1.語(yǔ)法題?？疾椴欢ü谠~。第一個(gè)空格后的“official官員”為單數(shù)知第一個(gè)空格應(yīng)填一個(gè)不定冠詞a或an,再由EU的發(fā)音“[，i:'ju:]"中第一個(gè)字母為元音發(fā)音知第一個(gè)空應(yīng)填“an”。

2.語(yǔ)義題。句意:探討天津地區(qū)地下水污染防治對(duì)策

14.單選題

Howdoyouaccount（1）

Thegraphintheupperpartofthescreen（2）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impossibletouseinnuclearpowerstations?

B.notdiligentstudents,learnspokenlanguagesmosteasily.

C.thedifferencebetweenthesetwoproducts?

D.hefoundthathegotmoreoutofhisreadingaswell.

E.studentsgrewupintownsandcities.

F.thatbuildsabarriertopreventwaterfromflowingonward.

G.scheduledtoarriveinChengduin35minutes.

H.showsthechangeinproductionlevelsfrom1990to2012.

I.Iwouldtakehimtoseeadoctor.

J.whenIsawanexpensivecarrunoverateenager.

K.isunlikelytomakeveryrapidprogressinmasteringwrittenEnglish,

L.supposedtotakethemedicinetwiceaday.

M.forthesharpfallinbirdpopulationssince1995?

N.Iwouldhavecalledoffthemeeting,

O.theexamplesaretakenfromrecentpublications,

P.constructedacrossavalleytoencloseanareaforstoringwater,

Q.andrunintoanoldfriendIhaven’tseeninyears,

R.canbeworntoallsortsofsocialevents,bothformalandinformal,

S.hereceivesmuchhighergradesinallsubjects.

T.asgoodasthingsstraightfromthegarden?

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.impossibletouseinnuclearpowerstations?

B.notdiligentstudents,learnspokenlanguagesmosteasily.

C.thedifferencebetweenthesetwoproducts?

D.hefoundthathegotmoreoutofhisreadingaswell.

E.studentsgrewupintownsandcities.

F.thatbuildsabarriertopreventwaterfromflowingonward.

G.scheduledtoarriveinChengduin35minutes.

H.showsthechangeinproductionlevelsfrom1990to2012.

I.Iwouldtakehimtoseeadoctor.

J.whenIsawanexpensivecarrunoverateenager.

K.isunlikelytomakeveryrapidprogressinmasteringwrittenEnglish,

L.supposedtotakethemedicinetwiceaday.

M.forthesharpfallinbirdpopulationssince1995?

N.Iwouldhavecalledoffthemeeting,

O.theexamplesaretakenfromrecentpublications,

P.constructedacrossavalleytoencloseanareaforstoringwater,

Q.andrunintoanoldfriendIhaven’tseeninyears,

R.canbeworntoallsortsofsocialevents,bothformalandinformal,

S.hereceivesmuchhighergradesinallsubjects.

T.asgoodasthingsstraightfromthegarden?

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.impossibletouseinnuclearpowerstations?

B.notdiligentstudents,learnspokenlanguagesmosteasily.

C.thedifferencebetweenthesetwoproducts?

D.hefoundthathegotmoreoutofhisreadingaswell.

E.studentsgrewupintownsandcities.

F.thatbuildsabarriertopreventwaterfromflowingonward.

G.scheduledtoarriveinChengduin35minutes.

H.showsthechangeinproductionlevelsfrom1990to2012.

I.Iwouldtakehimtoseeadoctor.

J.whenIsawanexpensivecarrunoverateenager.

K.isunlikelytomakeveryrapidprogressinmasteringwrittenEnglish,

L.supposedtotakethemedicinetwiceaday.

M.forthesharpfallinbirdpopulationssince1995?

N.Iwouldhavecalledoffthemeeting,

O.theexamplesaretakenfromrecentpublications,

P.constructedacrossavalleytoencloseanareaforstoringwater,

Q.andrunintoanoldfriendIhaven’tseeninyears,

R.canbeworntoallsortsofsocialevents,bothformalandinformal,

S.hereceivesmuchhighergradesinallsubjects.

T.asgoodasthingsstraightfromthegarden?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.impossibletouseinnuclearpowerstations?

B.notdiligentstudents,learnspokenlanguagesmosteasily.

C.thedifferencebetweenthesetwoproducts?

D.hefoundthathegotmoreoutofhisreadingaswell.

E.studentsgrewupintownsandcities.

F.thatbuildsabarriertopreventwaterfromflowingonward.

G.scheduledtoarriveinChengduin35minutes.

H.showsthechangeinproductionlevelsfrom1990to2012.

I.Iwouldtakehimtoseeadoctor.

J.whenI