2023考研英語(yǔ)真題及答案解析

SectionI

UseofEnglishDirections:AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.〞But__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles___18___moreexuberantlytofunnycartonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.1．[A]among

[B]except

[C]despite

[D]like2．[A]reflect

[B]demand

[C]indicate

[D]produce3．[A]stabilizing

[B]boosting

[C]impairing

[D]determining4．[A]transmit

[B]sustain

[C]evaluate

[D]observe5．[A]measurable

[B]manageable

[C]affordable

[D]renewable6．[A]Inturn

[B]Infact

[C]Inaddition

[D]Inbrief7．[A]opposite

[B]impossible

[C]average

[D]expected8．[A]hardens

[B]weakens

[C]tightens

[D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate

[B]generate

[C]moderate

[D]enhance10．[A]physical

[B]mental

[C]subconscious

[D]internal11．[A]Exceptfor

[B]Accordingto

[C]Dueto

[D]Asfor12．[A]with

[B]on

[C]in

[D]at13．[A]unless

[B]until

[C]if

[D]because14．[A]exhausts

[B]follows

[C]precedes

[D]suppresses15．[A]into

[B]from

[C]towards

[D]beyond16．[A]fetch

[B]bite

[C]pick

[D]hold17．[A]disappointed

[B]excited

[C]joyful

[D]indifferent18．[A]adapted

[B]catered

[C]turned

[D]reacted19．[A]suggesting

[B]requiring

[C]mentioning

[D]supposing20．[A]Eventually

[B]Consequently

[C]Similarly

[D]ConverselySectionII

ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Text1ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2023.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!〞wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.〞AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed〞atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.〞Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas[A]incurredcriticism.[B]raisedsuspicion.[C]receivedacclaim.[D]arousedcuriosity.22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text2WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.〞Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,〞McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:〞Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.〞

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,〞saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.〞26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.28.Theword“poached〞(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans[A]approvedof.[B]attendedto.[C]huntedfor.[D]guardedagainst.29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.[D]it’ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?[B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp?[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformersText3Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional“paid〞media–suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned〞mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.31.Consumersmaycreate“earned〞mediawhentheyare[A]obscssedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.[D]enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts.32.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature[A]asafebusinessenvironment.[B]randomcompetition.[C]strongusertraffic.[D]flexibilityinorganization.33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition.[D]deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem.34.ToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.[D]Popularityofownedmedia.Text4It’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,“IloveMyChildren,IHateMyLife,〞isarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.〞ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant〞news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn’tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellit,raisingakidontheir“own〞(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel〞mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.36.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring[A]temporarydelight[B]enjoymentinprogress[C]happinessinretrospect[D]lastingreward37.WelearnfromParagraph2that[A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.38.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks[A]areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.39.AccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesis[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.[D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildrearing.PartB[A]Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.Youcan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.[B]Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:Literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducatedpersonshouldposses.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata“generaleducation〞shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenread〞-theyformasortofsocialglue.[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.ThisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor’sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudentsrequiresfewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeoftheses-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.[D]OnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.[E]Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversitieshaveprofessionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmericanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,arguesMrMenand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecializationaretransmissiblebutnottransferable.〞Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.[F]Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthewayinwhich“theproducersofknowledgeareproduced.〞Otherwise,academicswillcontinuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateandcriticize.〞Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedtobecomelessexclusionaryandmoreholistic.〞Yetquitehowthathappens,MrMenanddosenotsay.[G]ThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookTheMarketplaceofIdeas:ReformandResistanceintheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanUniversities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatPartCDirections:(46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:“WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?〞Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesire,Allenconcluded:“Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare.〞Achievementhappensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’t“get〞successbutbecomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter.\PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthat“Circumstancesdonotmakeaperson,theyrevealhim.〞(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,andarationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstances,howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,thenhumanity

wouldneverhaveprogressed.

Infat,(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeen“wronged〞thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,aperson’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible.SectionⅢWritingPartA51.Directions:Writealettertoafriendofyoursto1)recommendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand2)givereasonsforyourrecommendationYourshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheleter.User“LIMING〞instead.Donotwritertheaddress.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160---200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainit’sintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)旅程之“余〞2023年考研英語(yǔ)一真題答案及詳解1-5CDBBA6-10BADCA11-15BCDCB16-20DADAC1.C解析：語(yǔ)義邏輯題。第一句含義是“古希臘哲學(xué)家亞里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身體健康的珍貴鍛煉〞，第二句意思是“但是

一些人提出相反的意見(jiàn)，輕笑可能對(duì)身體健康影響極小〞，兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)表轉(zhuǎn)折“盡管〞，故是正確選項(xiàng)。2.D解析：語(yǔ)義辨析題。上下文語(yǔ)境是“笑確實(shí)能

短期的改變〞。A.reflect“反映〞，B.demand“要求〞，C.indicate“說(shuō)明，暗示〞，D.produce“產(chǎn)生〞，只有D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，所以是正確答案。3.B解析：語(yǔ)義搭配題。文中提到“笑能夠

心律呼吸速率。〞A.stabilizing意思是“安定，穩(wěn)定〞，B.boosting“促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)〞，C.impairing“損害，削弱〞，D.determining“決定〞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境應(yīng)該是“笑能夠促進(jìn)心律呼吸速率〞，B為正確答案。4.B解析：語(yǔ)義辨析題。這句話意思是“但是因?yàn)榇笮茈y

，一次狂笑不可能……〞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義分別是A.transmit“傳播〞，B.sustain“維持〞，C.evaluate“評(píng)估〞，D.observe“觀察〞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，只有B.sustain符合語(yǔ)境。5.A解析：語(yǔ)義辨析題。這句話意思是“一次狂笑不可能像比方走路或者慢跑那樣對(duì)心血管功能產(chǎn)生

益處。〞A.measurable“重大的，重要的〞，B.manageable“易控制的〞，C.affordable“負(fù)擔(dān)得起的〞，D.renewable“可再生的〞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能和“益處〞搭配的只有A.measurable，故是正確答案。6.B解析：邏輯分析題。第二段第一句是說(shuō)“其他的鍛煉可以拉緊增強(qiáng)肌肉，很顯然笑確是起到了……作用〞，對(duì)上文有承接還有轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，A.Inturn意思是“輪流〞，C.Inaddition是“另外〞，D.Inbrief意思是“簡(jiǎn)而言之〞，都不符合語(yǔ)境，只有B.Infact“事實(shí)上〞符合上下文語(yǔ)境，是正確選項(xiàng)。7.A解析：語(yǔ)義邏輯題。第二段第二句的意思是說(shuō)“笑可以放松肌肉，在狂笑平息之后45分鐘內(nèi)會(huì)降低肌肉張力〞，跟上文中的“其他的鍛煉可以拉緊增強(qiáng)肌肉〞是相反的關(guān)系，所以A.opposite是正確選項(xiàng)。8.D解析：語(yǔ)義搭配題。空格前后面是“笑

肌肉〞，A.hardens“使變硬〞，B.weakens“減少〞，C.tightens“是變緊〞，D.relaxes“放松〞，因?yàn)樯衔奶岬搅恕捌渌腻憻捒梢岳o增強(qiáng)肌肉，很顯然笑確實(shí)起到了相反的作用〞。“拉緊〞的反義詞只有D.relaxes，故正確。9.C解析：語(yǔ)義搭配題。這句話的意思是“這樣的身體放松可能會(huì)幫助

心理緊張狀態(tài)的影響。〞A.aggravate“加劇，惡化〞，B.generate“使形成，發(fā)生〞，C.moderate“節(jié)制，減輕〞，D.enhance“增加〞，根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，只能是“減輕心理壓力〞，故C是正確選項(xiàng)。10.A解析：語(yǔ)義邏輯題。這句話的意思是“笑的行為畢竟可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生其他形式的

反響來(lái)提高個(gè)體的情緒狀態(tài)。〞其中提到“笑的行為〞，它是一種身體上的行為，后面提到“其他

反響〞，應(yīng)該是和“笑〞相照應(yīng)的，故正確選項(xiàng)是A。11.B解析：詞義辨析題。根據(jù)信息推測(cè)，應(yīng)該是“根據(jù)一個(gè)經(jīng)典的情緒理論，……〞A.Exceptfor表示“除了……〞，它引出一個(gè)與前面的詞相反的原因或者事例；B.Accordingto“根據(jù)，按照〞，表示依據(jù)，后面常跟表示理論、思想之類(lèi)的詞，是正確答案。C.Dueto“由于，因?yàn)楱暫竺娓话阍颍珼.Asfor“至于，就……方面說(shuō)〞用以轉(zhuǎn)換話題和表現(xiàn)態(tài)度，故排除。12.C解析：固定搭配題。berootedin是固定詞組表示“來(lái)源于……〞berooted跟其它選項(xiàng)不搭配使用，故排除。13.D解析：邏輯關(guān)系題。這句話的意思是“人們不會(huì)

他們傷心而哭，但當(dāng)開(kāi)始流淚時(shí)他們才變得傷心。〞傷心和哭之間是因果關(guān)系，所以答案應(yīng)該是D.because。14.C解析：詞義辨析/語(yǔ)義邏輯題。解題關(guān)鍵although。although表示假設(shè)，讓步。由上文提到當(dāng)人們流淚時(shí)才覺(jué)得傷心可知，傷心在流淚之后。這里要說(shuō)另一種情況“傷心也會(huì)在流淚之前〞而A.exhausts“使筋疲力盡；使疲憊不堪〞，B.follows“跟隨〞C.precedes“先于，表示在……之前發(fā)生(或出現(xiàn))〞；D.suppresses“壓制；阻止；抑制〞，語(yǔ)義不符。15.B解析：詞義辨析題。由信息可知原文要表達(dá)“證據(jù)顯示情緒是肌肉反映的結(jié)果〞A.into“進(jìn)入……中，到……里〞B.from“來(lái)自〞表原因，符合表達(dá)需要，故為正確答案。C.towards向，朝D.beyond“超出，超過(guò)〞意思不符合，故排除。16.D解析：詞義辨析題。A.fetch“取來(lái)〞，B.bite“咬，叮〞，C.pick“采，摘〞，D.hold“拿，抱，握住〞，根據(jù)上下文信息可知該實(shí)驗(yàn)要求志愿者用牙咬住或者用嘴含住一支筆。hold的意思最符合。17.A解析：詞義辨析/語(yǔ)義邏輯題。由信息“用嘴含住一支筆〞推測(cè)，這個(gè)動(dòng)作會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種失望的表情A.disappointed“失望的〞意思最符合，B.excited“興奮的〞，C.joyful“快樂(lè)的〞，D.indifferent“漠不關(guān)心的〞都不符合語(yǔ)境，故排除。18.D解析：詞義辨析題。A.adaptedto“變得習(xí)慣于……,使適應(yīng)于……〞，B.cateredto“迎合，滿足某種需要或要求〞，C.turned……to“轉(zhuǎn)向〞，D.reactedto“對(duì)……作出反響〞，根據(jù)原文表達(dá)需要“在觀看有趣的動(dòng)畫(huà)片時(shí)……〞此處正確選項(xiàng)是D.reactedto。19.A解析：詞義辨析題。根據(jù)前文信息，由前面的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果“那些被強(qiáng)制鍛煉笑肌的人比那些嘴唇皺著表情失望的人在觀看有趣的動(dòng)畫(huà)片時(shí)反響更加豐富〞，我們可以推斷出一個(gè)結(jié)論A.suggesting說(shuō)明，后接結(jié)論的句子，符合要求，故為正確答案。B.requiring“需要，要求〞，

C.mentioning“提到〞，D.supposing“假定，假設(shè)〞都不符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故排除。20.C解析：邏輯分析題。上文提到了“表情而不是其他的方式可能會(huì)影響情緒〞，后文又提到了“笑的生理行為可以使心情好轉(zhuǎn)〞，前后