考研考博-英語(yǔ)-昭通衛(wèi)生職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-昭通衛(wèi)生職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.

Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Byitssustainability.

B.Byitsimpactontheenvironment.

C.Byitsproductivity.

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.localizedpollution

B.competitionfromoverseas

C.theshrinkingoffarmland

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts.

B.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices.

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.（在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域尤其如此，可持續(xù)發(fā)展往往被視為進(jìn)步的唯一衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而沒(méi)有從歷史和文化的角度進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)。）因此可持續(xù)發(fā)展就是人們衡量農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)步的指標(biāo)，A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)它的可持續(xù)性正確”。B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)它對(duì)環(huán)境的影響”；C選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)它的生產(chǎn)力”；D選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)它對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)”這三項(xiàng)都不是文章認(rèn)為的觀點(diǎn)。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields...However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.（來(lái)自海外的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)促使農(nóng)民專(zhuān)業(yè)化并提高產(chǎn)量。在這一時(shí)期，食品變得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而，這些變化也導(dǎo)致了棲息地的喪失和生物多樣性的減少。）也就是說(shuō)這些使農(nóng)民專(zhuān)業(yè)化并且增加產(chǎn)量的手段使得物種生物性減少，因此D選項(xiàng)“生物多樣性的減少”正確。A選項(xiàng)“局部污染”這個(gè)是原文所沒(méi)有提及的；B選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自海外的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”這個(gè)是造成物種多樣性減少的根本原因，因果顛倒；C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)田的萎縮”原文并沒(méi)有明確提及。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第三段第三句話Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.（例如，我們需要擺脫認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)做法不可避免的比新做法更具可持續(xù)性的想法。）也就是說(shuō)傳統(tǒng)做法并不比新做法具有持續(xù)性，因此C選項(xiàng)“它們不一定是可持續(xù)的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)一直保持不變”原文未提及；B選項(xiàng)“它們沒(méi)有跟上人口增長(zhǎng)的步伐”，不符合原文；D選項(xiàng)“它們是環(huán)保的”與原文相悖。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第三段第一、二句話Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.（所有這些都意味著，21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)將與20世紀(jì)截然不同。這需要激進(jìn)的思維。）激進(jìn)的思維將會(huì)帶來(lái)根本性的改變，根據(jù)這句話可以得出B選項(xiàng)“它將經(jīng)歷根本性的變化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它將提供更多的動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品”，無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“它將放棄傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)做法”，原文并沒(méi)有明確的提出說(shuō)是否要放棄傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的做法；D選項(xiàng)“它將對(duì)環(huán)境造成零損害”，這個(gè)是做不到的。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段提到，Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.（在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域尤其如此，可持續(xù)發(fā)展往往被視為進(jìn)步的唯一衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而沒(méi)有從歷史和文化的角度進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)。）人們忽略了從歷史文化的角度去合理評(píng)價(jià)它；接下來(lái)三段具體分析了人們是如何忽略的；第五段至末段提出21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)將與以前的截然不同，要求人們改變?cè)械霓r(nóng)業(yè)方面的可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想。由此可知，作者主要是為了讓人們重新思考什么是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)，因此D選項(xiàng)“敦促人們重新思考什么是可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)”。A選項(xiàng)“提醒人們可持續(xù)發(fā)展的需要”，是片面的信息；B選項(xiàng)“建議確?？沙掷m(xù)糧食生產(chǎn)的方法”，只是文章中有略過(guò)，不是主旨；C選項(xiàng)“提出衡量農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，作者并沒(méi)有提出。

2.單選題

Astheyenteredthevillageshop,theoldladybehindthecounter________atthemkindly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beamed

B.glared

C.grimaced

D.peeped

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。beamatsb.“對(duì)某人微笑”；glareatsb.“盯著某人；怒視某人”；grimace“扮鬼臉”；peepat“偷窺”。句意：當(dāng)他們走進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村小店時(shí)，柜臺(tái)后面的老婦人朝他們友好地微笑。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Whattypeofautomobilewouldyoubuy（）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ifyouhavefreechoicetochoosethecarsavailabletoday

B.Ifyouarefreetochooseamongallthecarsavailabletoday

C.Ifallcarsavailablewasfreetobechosenbyyou

D.Ifyouwerefreetochooseamongallthecarsavailabletoday

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)題干主句Whattypeofautomobilewouldyoubuy，得知if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)形式是would+動(dòng)詞原形，句子是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬。If條件狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were而不用was)，所以D選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：如果你可以在所有的汽車(chē)中自由選擇，你會(huì)買(mǎi)什么類(lèi)型的汽車(chē)？因此，本題的正確選項(xiàng)是D選項(xiàng)。

4.翻譯題

Everyonewishestobuildupacharismaticandcharmingpersonality,butitisbynomeansaneasyjob.Firstofall,heoughttoknowoneofthegreatesttruthsthatlifeisdifficult,foroncehetrulyunderstandsandacceptsthetruth,thenlifeisnolongerdifficult.Why?Onceheacceptsthefactthatlifeisdifficult,henolongermoansabout,complainsofandfearshisproblems,burdensanddifficultiesinlife.Secondly,heoughttopaysufficientheedtoself-discipline,forself-disciplineisthebasicsetoftoolstosolvelife'sproblems,whichincludesastrongsenseofresponsibility,dedicationtoreality,opennesstochallenge,balancing,etc.Thirdly,heoughttocherishlove.Heknowsthatself-loveandloveofothersgohandinhand.Heiswillingtogobeyondtheconfinesofself-lovetoembraceloveofothers.Fourthly,heoughttounderstandthattheessenceoflifeischange.Sohedoesnottryhisutmosttoavoidchangeorstaycomfortablewiththesameness.Fifthly,heoughttoattachmuchvaluetohonour.Thewinningofhonourwillrevealaman'svirtueandworth.Towinhonour,hewillimproveandperfecthimselfandscoreremarkableachievements.

【答案】每個(gè)人都希望建立有魅力、迷人的人格，但這不是一件容易的事。首先，他需要明白一個(gè)偉大的真理：生活是困難的。因?yàn)橐坏┧嬲斫獠⑶医邮苓@個(gè)真理，就會(huì)意識(shí)到生活不再困難。為什么？一旦他接受了生活困難這一事實(shí)，對(duì)于生活中的問(wèn)題、負(fù)擔(dān)和困難，他都不再發(fā)牢騷和抱怨，也不再害怕。其次，他應(yīng)該充分重視自我修養(yǎng)，因?yàn)樽晕倚摒B(yǎng)是解決生活問(wèn)題的基本工具，包括強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感、致力于現(xiàn)實(shí)、敢于挑戰(zhàn)、平衡制約等。第三，他要有愛(ài)。他需要知道自愛(ài)和愛(ài)別人是密不可分的，愿意超越自愛(ài)的局限去接納他人的愛(ài)。第四，他要懂得生命的本質(zhì)是變化。所以他不會(huì)盡全力去避免改變，也不會(huì)舒適的待在一成不變的環(huán)境里。第五，他應(yīng)該重視榮譽(yù)。獲得榮譽(yù)能體現(xiàn)一個(gè)人的美德和價(jià)值。為了贏得榮譽(yù)，他將會(huì)提高和完善自己，獲得顯著成就。

5.單選題

By1776thefineartofpaintingasithaddevelopedinwesternEuropeuptothistimehadbeenintroducedintotheAmericancoloniesthroughbooksandprints,Europeanvisitorsandimmigrants,andtravelingcolonistswhobroughtbackcopies(andafeworiginal)ofoldmasterpaintingsandacquaintancewithEuropeanartinstitutions.

BytheoutbreakoftheRevolutionagainstBritishrulein1776,thestatusoftheartistshadalreadyundergonechange.Inthemid-eighteenthcentury,paintershadbeenwillingtoassumesuchartisan-relatedtasksasvarnishing,gildingteaching,keepingartistsweredescribedatthetimesuggeststheirstatus:"limner"wasusuallyappliedtotheanonymousportraitpainteruptothe1760's:"painter"characterizedanyonewhocouldpaintaflatsurface.Bythesecondhalfofthecentury,colonialartistswhoweretrainedinEnglandoreducatedintheclassicsrejectedthestatusoflaborerandthoughtofthemselvesasartists.Somecolonialurbanportraitists,suchasJohnSingletonCopley,BenjaminWest,andCharlesWilsonPeale,consortedwithaffluentpatrons.Althoughsubjecttofluctuationsintheireconomicstatus,allthreeenjoyedsufficientpatronagetoallowthemtomaintainanimageofthemselvesasprofessionalartists,animageindicatedbytheircustomofsigningtheirpaintings.AfewartcollectorsJamesBowdoinIIIofBoston,WilliamByrdofVirginian,andtheAliensandHamiltonsofPhiladelphiaintroducedEuropeanarttraditionstothosecolonistsprivilegedtovisittheirgalleries,especiallyaspiringartists,andestablishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueofartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.

Althoughthecoloniststendedtofavorportraits,theyalsoacceptedlandscapes,historicalworks,andpoliticalengravingsasappropriateartisticsubjects.WiththecomingofindependencefromtheBritishCrown,asufficientnumberofartistsandtheirworkswereavailabletoservenationalisticpurposes.Theachievementsofthecolonialartists,particularlythoseofCopley,West,andPeale,lentcredencetotheboastthatthenewnationwascapableofencouraginggeniusandthatpoliticallibertywascongenialtothedevelopmentoftaste—anecessarystepbeforeartcouldassumeanimportantroleinthenewrepublic.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,beforetheAmericanRevolutionthemaintaskoflimnerswasto（）

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatartistswhoweretrainedinEngland（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,artistssuchasCopley,WestandPealesignedtheirpaintingsbecausethis（）

5.TheauthormentionsJamesBowdoinIIIandWilliamByrdinParagraph2asexamplesofwhichofthefollowing?

6.Withwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.EuropeaninfluenceoncolonialAmericanpainting.

B.Theimportanceofpatronagetoartists.

C.ThechangingstatusofartistsintheAmericancoloniesintheeighteenthcentury.

D.SubjectspreferredbyartistsintheAmericancoloniesintheeighteenthcentury.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.paintwheelcarriages

B.paintportraits

C.varnishfurniture

D.paintflatsurfaces

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.consideredartiststobesuperiortopainters

B.barelypaintedportraitists

C.wereoftenverywealthy

D.imitatedEnglishpainters

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.increasedthemonetaryvalueofthepaintings

B.madeitmoredifficultforotherartiststocopythepaintings

C.supportedtheartists'imageofprofessionalism

D.distinguishedcolonialAmericanartistsfromEuropeanartists

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ArtgalleryownerswhodisplayedonlyEuropeanart.

B.ArtcollectorswhohadaprofoundinfluenceonAmericanattitudestowardart.

C.Artistswhogavefinancialsupporttootherartists.

D.Patronswhohelpedtoencourageartisanstobecomeartists.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Countriesthathavenothadapoliticalrevolutionareunlikelytodevelopgreatart.

B.Themostsuccessfulartcollectorsareusuallyartiststhemselves.

C.ThevalueofcolonialAmericanpaintingsdecreasedaftertheRevolution.

D.Colonialartistsmadeanimportantcontributiontotheevolvingcultureofthenewnation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨題。分析全文可知第二段首句為中心句?！癇ytheoutbreakoftheRevolutionagainstBritishrulein1776,thestatusoftheartistshadalreadyundergonechange.”選項(xiàng)C提到18世紀(jì)美國(guó)殖民地藝術(shù)家地位的變化，符合原文。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)imner”定位到第二段的第二句“l(fā)imnerwasusuallyappliedtotheanonymousportraitpainteruptothe1760's”。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“trainedinEngland”定位到第二段的第三句“colonialartistswhoweretrainedinEnglandoreducatedintheclassicsrejectedthestatusoflaborerandthoughtofthemselvesasartists.”在英國(guó)受訓(xùn)或接受古典文學(xué)教育的殖民地藝術(shù)家拒絕勞動(dòng)者的身份，認(rèn)為自己是藝術(shù)家。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Copley,WestandPeale”定位到第二段的四、五句“...allthreeenjoyedsufficientpatronagetoallowthemtomaintainanimageofthemselvesasprofessionalartists,...”它們都得到了足夠的資助，使它們保持了專(zhuān)業(yè)藝術(shù)家的形象。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“establishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueofartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.”可以理解為一些對(duì)藝術(shù)發(fā)展起到了作用的收藏者。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第6題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的最后一句“....anecessarystepbeforeartcouldassumeanimportantroleinthenewrepublic.”殖民時(shí)期的藝術(shù)家對(duì)這個(gè)新興國(guó)家不斷發(fā)展的文化做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

6.單選題

Ifyouworkunderacarwhenrepairingit,youoftengetvery（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.waxy

B.slippery

C.sticky

D.greasy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。waxy“蠟制的，柔軟的”；slippery“狡猾的，不穩(wěn)定的”；sticky“粘的，粘性的”；greasy“油膩的，油脂的，諂媚的”。句意：如果你在車(chē)底下修車(chē)，你通常會(huì)沾滿(mǎn)油脂。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Frombeachballs,pooltoys,andjumphouses,inflatabletechnologytakesabigstepforwardforitsnextfrontier:spacestation.AnewkindoftechwillbeaboardSpaceX'seighthsupplymissiontotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).Acompressedlivingmodulewillbedeliveredandattachedtothestationwhere,inthevoidofspace,itwillexpandintoanewhabitatforastronauts.

DesignedbyBigelowAerospace,theinflatablespacehabitatisoneareaNASAisexploringforpotentialdeepspacehabitatsandotheradvancedspacemissions.

"The‘BigelowExpandableActivityModule',ortheBEAM,isanexpandablehabitatthatwillbeusedtoinvestigatetechnologyandunderstandthepotentialbenefitsofsuchhabitatsforhumanmissionstodeepspace,”NASAAdministratorCharlesBoldenwroteinablogpost.Thehabitatscouldbeawayto“dramaticallyincrease”thespaceavailableforastronautswhilealsoofferingaddedprotectionfromthedangersofspace,likeradiationandspacedebris,theNASApressreleasesays.

Buthowisaninflatablespacestationsupposedtobeaviablemeansofhousingforspacetravelers?BEAMsarefarmorethanballoon-likeroomswhereastronautscantakeasylum.Technically,themodulesdon'tinflate—theyexpand,accordingtothecompany.Andbeyondjustair,thehabitatsarereinforcedwithaninternalmetalstructure.Theoutsideiscomposedofmultiplelayersofmaterialincludingthingslikerubberandkevlartoprotectformanyspeedingdebris.

InsideSpaceX'sDragonspacecraftonthewaytotheISS,theBEAMwillbeapproximately8feetindiameter.Itwillexpandoncedeployedinspacetooffer565cubicfeetofspaceforastronauts.“It'llbethefirsttimehumanbeingswillactuallystepinsidethisexpandablehabitatinspace,”formerastronautGeorgeZamka,whohasworkedforBigelowAerospace,toldUSAToday.“Therewon'tbethissenseofitbeinglikeaballoon.”

Butastronautswon'tbegettinginsidethemoduleforsometimeyet.TheBEAMwillbeattachedtotheTranquilityNodeanddeployed.InsidethemoduleareaseriesoftoolsthatwillhelpthecrewoftheISSmonitordifferentaspectsoftheexpandableareatoseehowitactsinspace.Thecrewwillwatchheat,radiation,orbitaldebris,andprovideinformationabouttheviabilityofusingsimilarmodulesinthefuture.

Thetestingisscheduledtogoonforatwo-yeartimeperiod,afterwhichthemodulewillbereleasedandburnupintheatmosphere.NASA'spartnershipwithBigelowfitsMr.Bolden'sdesiretohelpgrowarobustprivatesectorindustrytocommercializeaspectsofspace—aprocessheseesasvitalifhumanswanttoreachfarthercosmicdestinations.“TheworldoflowEarthorbitbelongstoindustry,”BoldensaidatapressconferenceinJanuary2015.

1.WhatisspecialaboutthenewlivingmoduleonSpaceX'seighthmissiontoISS?

2.Whatisthepurposeofdesigningtheinflatablespacehabitat?

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?

4.WhydoesNASAintendtocommercializeaspectsofspace?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisexpandable.

B.Itlookslikeatoy.

C.Itisgoingtodeepspace.

D.ItwillnotreturntoEarth.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itistofindoutitspotentialcapacity.

B.Itistogiveatryonanewtechnology.

C.Itistosavetimeandmoneyinproduction.

D.Itistoseeifitcanbeappliedindeepspace.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thehabitatwillnotbeaballoon-likeroom.

B.Thehabitatwillnotfeellikeaballoon.

C.Thehabitatwillbelikeasenselessballoon.

D.Thehabitatwillbeadifferentkindofballoon.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ItcansaveNASAtimeandenergy.

B.Itisnecessaryforarobustindustry.

C.Itiscrucialforfurtherspaceexplorations.

D.ItmeetsbothNASA'sandBigelow'sneeds.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.WhatisspecialaboutthenewlivingmoduleonSpaceX’seighthmissiontoISS?1.SpaceX公司第八次前往國(guó)際空間站的任務(wù)中，新的生活艙有什么特別之處？

A.Itisexpandable.A.它是可擴(kuò)展的。

B.Itlookslikeatoy.B.它看起來(lái)像一個(gè)玩具。

C.Itisgoingtodeepspace.C.它要去外太空。

D.ItwillnotreturntoEarth.D.它不會(huì)返回地球。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句“一個(gè)壓縮的生活艙將被運(yùn)送并連接到空間站上，在太空中，它將擴(kuò)展為宇航員的新棲息地（itwillexpandintoanewhabitatforastronauts）”，從中可知，新的生活艙的特點(diǎn)是它可以擴(kuò)展，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選線“它看起來(lái)像一個(gè)玩具”和D選項(xiàng)“它不會(huì)返回地球”在文中沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“它要去外太空”并不是其特別之處，曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whatisthepurposeofdesigningtheinflatablespacehabitat?2.設(shè)計(jì)充氣太空艙的目的是什么？

A.Itistofindoutitspotentialcapacity.A.要找出它潛在的容量。

B.Itistogiveatryonanewtechnology.B.這是對(duì)一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的嘗試。

C.Itistosavetimeandmoneyinproduction.C.這是為了在生產(chǎn)中節(jié)省時(shí)間和金錢(qián)。

D.Itistoseeifitcanbeappliedindeepspace.D.這是為了看看它是否能應(yīng)用于深空。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞inflatablespacehabitat定位至第二段“由畢格羅航空航天公司設(shè)計(jì)的充氣太空棲息地是美國(guó)宇航局正在探索的潛在深空棲息地和其他高級(jí)太空任務(wù)的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域（exploringforpotentialdeepspacehabitatsandotheradvancedspacemissions）”，可知，設(shè)計(jì)充氣太空艙的目的是探索深空。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“要找出它潛在的容量”、B選項(xiàng)“這是對(duì)一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的嘗試”和C選項(xiàng)“這是為了在生產(chǎn)中節(jié)省時(shí)間和金錢(qián)”沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?3.第5段劃線的句子是什么意思？

A.Thehabitatwillnotbeaballoon-likeroom.A.這個(gè)棲息地不會(huì)是一個(gè)像氣球一樣的房間。

B.Thehabitatwillnotfeellikeaballoon.B.這個(gè)棲息地不會(huì)感覺(jué)像一個(gè)氣球。

C.Thehabitatwillbelikeasenselessballoon.C.這個(gè)棲息地就像一個(gè)毫無(wú)知覺(jué)的氣球。

D.Thehabitatwillbeadifferentkindofballoon.D.棲息地將是一個(gè)不同的氣球。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第五段最后一句“不會(huì)有像氣球一樣的感覺(jué)”，結(jié)合第四段第二句“BEAM是遠(yuǎn)不止像氣球一樣的房間，宇航員可以在那里尋求庇護(hù)”和第三句“該公司表示，從技術(shù)上講，這些模塊不會(huì)膨脹，而是會(huì)擴(kuò)展”，綜合理解可知，“不會(huì)有像氣球一樣的感覺(jué)”這句話的意思是表示，這個(gè)棲息地雖然像氣球一樣會(huì)膨脹，但是宇航員在那里感覺(jué)不到它像氣球一樣。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)棲息地不會(huì)是一個(gè)像氣球一樣的房間”與原文中的farmorethanballoon-likerooms（遠(yuǎn)不止像氣球一樣的房間）意思相反，反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)棲息地就像一個(gè)毫無(wú)知覺(jué)的氣球”和D選項(xiàng)“棲息地將是一個(gè)不同的氣球”理解錯(cuò)誤，棲息地只是像一個(gè)氣球，但本質(zhì)并不是氣球，該兩項(xiàng)曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhydoesNASAintendtocommercializeaspectsofspace?4.為什么NASA打算將太空的各個(gè)方面商業(yè)化？

A.ItcansaveNASAtimeandenergy.A.它可以節(jié)省NASA的時(shí)間和精力。

B.Itisnecessaryforarobustindustry.B.這對(duì)一個(gè)蓬勃發(fā)展的行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)是必要的。

C.Itiscrucialforfurtherspaceexplorations.C.這對(duì)進(jìn)一步的太空探索至關(guān)重要。

D.ItmeetsbothNASA’sandBigelow’sneeds.D.它滿(mǎn)足了NASA和畢格羅的需求。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第二句“NASA與畢格羅的合作符合博爾登的愿望，即幫助發(fā)展一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的私營(yíng)行業(yè)，將太空的各個(gè)方面商業(yè)化，他認(rèn)為，如果人類(lèi)想要到達(dá)更遠(yuǎn)的宇宙目的地（ifhumanswanttoreachfarthercosmicdestinations），這一過(guò)程至關(guān)重要”，從中可知，商業(yè)化的原因是為了進(jìn)一步探索宇宙，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它可以節(jié)省NASA的時(shí)間和精力”沒(méi)有提到，無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“這對(duì)一個(gè)蓬勃發(fā)展的行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)是必要的”理解錯(cuò)誤，想要進(jìn)一步探索宇宙是必要的，但是沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)行業(yè)是蓬勃發(fā)展的，曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“它滿(mǎn)足了NASA和畢格羅的需求”中的needs不符合原文中的desire，曲解原文。

8.單選題

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing_______whenintroducedintoanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)discharged“排出；批準(zhǔn)離開(kāi)”；B選項(xiàng)discarded“丟棄”；C選項(xiàng)disposed“處理，布置，安排”；D選項(xiàng)dumped“傾銷(xiāo)”。句意：當(dāng)一種產(chǎn)品以低于其正常價(jià)值的價(jià)格引入另一個(gè)國(guó)家時(shí)，該產(chǎn)品將被視為_(kāi)______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是在解釋經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，所以dumped“傾銷(xiāo)”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Idon’tmind______thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.yourdelayingtomake

B.youdelaytomake

C.youtodelaymaking

D.yourdelayingmaking

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推遲做決定。minddoingsth.“介意做某事”，delaydoingsth.“推遲做某事”，mind和delay后跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，D選項(xiàng)yourdelayingmaking符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thosepersonswhosereligious（）heavilyreliedonrituals，suchasinfantbap-

tism,weremorelikelytosupporttheDemocrats.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confession

B.condemnation

C.establishment

D.acknowledgement

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：那些宗教（）極為依賴(lài)諸如嬰兒洗禮等儀式的人更可能支持民主黨。A選項(xiàng)confession懺悔，承認(rèn)；B選項(xiàng)condemnation譴責(zé)，定罪；C選項(xiàng)establishment建立；D選項(xiàng)acknowledgement承認(rèn)，確認(rèn)。A選項(xiàng)confession符合句意。

11.填空題

bully

democracy

destiny

loyal

renowned

Churchillbelievedthathewas（1）toleadhiscountry.HefoughtasasoldierinWorldWarIandledthecountrytovictoryinWorldWarII.Itseemsironicthataleaderofsuch（2）asChurchillcouldnotcountonthe（3）ofvotersin1945.However,ina（4）country,electorscannotbe（5）,andhehadtotoleratepoliticaldefeataftermilitaryvictory,andoncemoretohiscountryretreat,Chartwell.

【答案】1.destined

2.renown

3.loyalty

4.democratic

5.bullied

【解析】1.句意：丘吉爾相信他注定要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他的國(guó)家。此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此填destined。

2.句意：像丘吉爾這樣聲名顯赫的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。此處應(yīng)用名詞形式，因此填renown。

3.句意：像丘吉爾這樣聲名顯赫的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人卻不能指望選民的忠誠(chéng)。此處應(yīng)用名詞形式，因此填loyalty。

4.句意：在一個(gè)民主國(guó)家。此處應(yīng)用形容詞形式，因此填democratic。

5.句意：選舉人是不能被欺負(fù)的。此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此填bullied。

12.單選題

Ididn’tlistentoMomandIwasnotsurprisedatthelookof（）onherface.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indifference

B.compliment

C.negligence

D.reproach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indifference“漠不關(guān)心；不重視；中立”；B選項(xiàng)compliment“恭維；稱(chēng)贊；問(wèn)候”；C選項(xiàng)negligence“疏忽；忽視”；D選項(xiàng)reproach“責(zé)備；責(zé)罵”。句意：我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)媽媽的話，看到她臉上責(zé)備的表情，我并不感到驚訝。題干中說(shuō)到“Ididn’tlistentoMom我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)媽媽的話”，而“責(zé)備”符合語(yǔ)境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno（）togotothepartywithus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.taste

B.mood

C.sense

D.emotion

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。innomoodtodosth“沒(méi)心情做某事”。句意：工作一整天之后，他很疲勞以至于他沒(méi)有心情跟我們?nèi)⒓泳蹠?huì)。故B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Hehasneverworriedabouthispropertiesbecausehehas（）themagainstdisastersandtheft.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assured

B.ensured

C.insured

D.secured

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指投保。只有選項(xiàng)C表示投保，所以正確。

15.單選題

Thereceptionwasattendedby（）membersofthelocalcommunity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excellent

B.conspicuous

C.prominent

D.noticeable

【答案】C

【解析】C選項(xiàng)prominent意為“突出的；著名的”。句意：參加這次招待會(huì)的是當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的（）人士。A選項(xiàng)excellent極好的；B選項(xiàng)conspicuous顯而易見(jiàn)的；C選項(xiàng)prominent突出的；著名的；D選項(xiàng)noticeable引人注目的，C選項(xiàng)prominent符合句意。

16.單選題

Idon’treallyknowjohnallthatwells;he’sjusta（

）acquaintance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.random

B.formal

C.haphazard

D.casual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。random意為“任意的”；formal意為“正規(guī)的”；haphazard意為“偶然的，隨意的”，一般指的是物；casual意為“偶然的”，acasualacquaintance意為“點(diǎn)頭之交，偶然相識(shí)”。

句意：我并不怎么了解約翰；我們只不過(guò)是泛泛之交。

17.單選題

Ifleadership,asitsmostbasicmeaning,（1）gettingthingsdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’s

（2）tools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolis（3）theirgrasp,availableonly（4）thecharismaticandtheeloquent.Overth