英語(yǔ)翻譯筆記符號(hào)精編版課件

筆記符號(hào)state,kingdom,country,nation,national,federalcity,metropolis,cosmopolis,metropolitan,urban,municipalvillage,farm,outskirt,countryside,suburban,ruralareas右上角：人右下角：地方、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)一.圖形符號(hào)筆記符號(hào)state,kingdom,country,ncitizen,urbanresidents/inhabitantsfamer,peasant,rancher,agriculturist領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，監(jiān)督;頂點(diǎn)，頂級(jí)，最lead,supervise,head,peak,top,supreme,utmost,maximum,climaxuniversal,worldwide,international,transnational,global,transcontinental,allovertheworld,acrossboundariescitizen,urbanresidents/inh多國(guó)，其他國(guó)家othercountries國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)nationaleconomydomestic,native,internal,interior,athomeforeign,overseas,abroad,alien,exotic,outofthecountry,beyondseas,intheforeignlandinandoutofthecountry,athomeandabroad多國(guó)，其他國(guó)家othercountries國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)口import出口export進(jìn)出口import&export飛行員pilot飛機(jī)場(chǎng)airport中國(guó)人Chinesepeople進(jìn)口import出口export進(jìn)出口impor經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體economicentity金融機(jī)構(gòu)financialinstitutionboss,leader,chairman,ruler,chief,manager,president,majesty,governor,director,supervisor,monitor國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，政府首腦stateleader廣場(chǎng)square,plaze經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體economicentity金融機(jī)構(gòu)fin宏觀調(diào)控，macro-control首都capitalcity重要

important,significant,key,critical,crucial,essential,vital,eventful,principal,core,ofgreatimportance/significance/consequence宏觀調(diào)控，macro-control首都capital3.主要main,chief,primary,major,dominant,overwhelming

4.精彩

wonderful,terrific,splendid,fantastic,marvelous2.杰出great,well-known,outstanding,remarkable,excellent,perfect,brilliant,distinguished,notable,eminent,promising,prominent,prestigious,glorious,noteworthy,3.主要4.精彩2.杰出5.強(qiáng)調(diào)emphasize,focus,underline,underscorestress,highlight,spotlight,accentuatefocuson,layemphasis/stressonattachimportanceto,payattentiontothemostimportant5.強(qiáng)調(diào)themostimportant特點(diǎn)，特色，特征mark,feature,character,symbol,sign,characteristic,specialitypeculiarity,attribute2.代表represent,symbolize,typify,standfor,onbehalfof特點(diǎn)，特色，特征2.代表整體，全部，總共whole,all,total,entire,complete,overallgeneral,universal,integral,gross,intact,onthewhole,allinall2.團(tuán)結(jié)，統(tǒng)一，團(tuán)聚united,unification,gather,gettogether所有國(guó)家所有人，人民群眾整體，全部，總共2.團(tuán)結(jié)，統(tǒng)一，團(tuán)聚所有國(guó)家所有人，人民群主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整sovereigntyandterritorialintegrity⊙會(huì)議meeting,forum,session,seminar,conference,symposium,committee,association,parliament,council峰會(huì)summit(meeting)主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整⊙會(huì)議峰會(huì)∞

關(guān)聯(lián)linkto,connectwith,relateto,associatewith2.替代replace,displace,supplant,substituteinsteadof,taketheplaceof交流，交換exchange,interact,communicate2.關(guān)系interaction,relation,relationshippartnership∞關(guān)聯(lián)2.替代交流，交換2.關(guān)系雙邊關(guān)系，bilateralrelationship多邊關(guān)系，multilateralrelationship舉杯，協(xié)議toast,agreement,treaty,contractConvention,revolution雙邊協(xié)議，bilateralagreement多邊協(xié)議，multilateralagreement雙邊關(guān)系，bilateralrelationship多邊關(guān)⊕發(fā)展，develop,development發(fā)達(dá)的，developed發(fā)展中的，developing開始begin,start,initiate,open,originate,launch,pioneercommence,inaugurate⊕發(fā)展，develop,development發(fā)達(dá)的，de2.形成，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)establish,found,create,appear,emerge,occur,comeout,breakout,comeintobeing/existence3.醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生RedCross,hospital,medicalcaremedicalinstitution2.形成，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)3.醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生禁止，結(jié)束end,conclude,complete,cease,stop,close,terminate,expire,halt,over,pause,turnoff,switchoff,breakupmakeanendof,bringtoanend,bringtoaconclusion道路，方法method,way,road,means,measureapproach,manner,access,route,coursemode,bymeansof,bywayof禁止，結(jié)束道路，方法歪曲twist,distortionoffact2.困難，挫折difficulty,hardship,trouble,painful,tough,frustration,setback遠(yuǎn)

faraway近

near,close歪曲2.困難，挫折遠(yuǎn)faraway近near,臺(tái)階，進(jìn)步stepbystep,progress,advancemakeprogress過(guò)去，歷史inthepast,history昨天yesterday上個(gè)月lastmonth去年lastyear臺(tái)階，進(jìn)步過(guò)去，歷史昨天yesterday上個(gè)月l前所未有的，unprecedented很久以前，longbefore未來(lái)，將要,inthefuture改變，變化

change,transform前所未有的，unprecedented很久以前，longb果實(shí)，成果fruit,result,accomplishmentachievement（使）消失，廢除delete,exclude,dismiss,erasedisappear,vanish,extinct,removeabolish,getridof,wipeout2.

破壞，推翻，剝奪destroy,ruin,collapse,overthrowdemolish,

deprive,

果實(shí)，成果（使）消失，廢除2.破壞，推翻，剝奪4.倒閉，下崗bankrupt,

layoff,resign,retire5.死亡，已故的kill,murder,die,passaway,thelate6.解決，達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)overcome,settle,solve,address,realize,achieve,accomplish,fulfill3.拋棄abandon,desert,discard4.倒閉，下崗5.死亡，已故的6.解決，達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)3二.人體行為符號(hào)smile,happy,glad,pleased,excitedinagoodmoodunhappy,sad,unsatisfied,angry,inabadmoodQ1.說(shuō)tell,state,announce,express,claim,address,declare,argue,vow,explain,Introduce,report2.評(píng)論comment,remark,evaluateappraise,review二.人體行為符號(hào)smile,happy,glad,開羅宣言，CairoManifesto贊揚(yáng)speakhighlyof,praise批評(píng)criticize眾說(shuō)紛紜，若干說(shuō)法variousopinions開羅宣言，CairoManifesto贊揚(yáng)speak改革開放reformandopeningup愛(ài)，關(guān)心love,concern,careabout嚇唬，威脅scare,threaten1.聽,listento2.開放,beopento改革開放愛(ài)，關(guān)心嚇唬，威脅1.聽,listento:看observe,view,glance,stare,noticeglimpse,scan,skim,witness,gaze2.想think,consider,regard,conceiveponder,suppose,imagine,meditatespeculate,contemplate3.揭示，顯示show,suggest,indicate,reveal,discover,reflect:看2.想3.揭示，顯示←1.來(lái)come2.收到receive3.需要，缺少need,require,want,beshortof,4.邀請(qǐng)，應(yīng)邀invite,oninvitation愿意接受acceptwithpleasure1.賣sell2.獲利makeaprofit←1.來(lái)come愿意接受acceptwithp去，到go

引起，導(dǎo)致resultin,leadto1.買buy2.投資invest↑增加；上升；完善；繁榮increase,heighten,enhance,grow,lift

soar,rise,raise,elevate,ascendflourish,advance,update,improveprosperity,boost,giveboostto,goup去，到go1.買buy↑增加；上升；完善；繁榮↓減少，降低，貶值decrease,decline,reduce,descenddiminish,fall,drop,sink,lowerrelieve,weaken,lessen,deterioratedevalue,degrade,depreciate,discountgodown,falloff1.很，非常deeply,very,quite,awfully2.深遠(yuǎn)的profound,far-reaching↓減少，降低，貶值1.很，非常deeply,very推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)，有助于promote,strengthen,encouragestimulate,facilitate,reinforcestrive,push,urge,stir,forceaccelerate,drive,prompt,propelgiveimpetusto,carryforward阻礙，推遲obstacle,postpone,delay,restrainwithdraw,discourage,curb,hamperhinder,barrier,bar,encumber,putoffstandinone’sway,holdback,drawback推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)，有助于阻礙，推遲↗沖突，矛盾，分歧，爭(zhēng)議conflict,contradictiondifference,dispute越來(lái)越increasing,growing,moreandmore越來(lái)越大biggerandbigger越來(lái)越多moreandmore↗沖突，矛盾，分歧，爭(zhēng)議越來(lái)越越來(lái)越大bigger壓力，影響pressure,burden,load,stress,impact,influence,effect,affectexertinfluenceon,haveeffecton迄今為止sofar,uptonow,tillnow壓力，影響迄今為止…四.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)多numerous,countless,enormousabundant,various,mass,uncountableinnumerable,considerable,substantialaseriesof2.持續(xù)，繼續(xù)，一直last,continue,remain,maintainpersist,still,continuouseverlasting,eternal,permanent,constant,frequent,always,endless,allalong,keepon,goon…四.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)多numerous,countless3.信息點(diǎn)的弱化4.信息的省略andsoon在某種程度上tosomedegree不那么重要notsoimportant3.信息點(diǎn)的弱化4.信息的省略在某種程度上不那么重要﹗1.危險(xiǎn)，警告，當(dāng)心dangerous,hazardous,jeopardywarning,alarming,alertindanger,watchout2.加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣：務(wù)必，一定，當(dāng)然sure,certainly,ofcourse老實(shí)說(shuō)，說(shuō)實(shí)在的

tobefrank,totellyouthetruth﹗1.危險(xiǎn)，警告，當(dāng)心2.加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣：務(wù)必，一定，當(dāng)然老實(shí)﹖﹪問(wèn)題，疑問(wèn)question,problem,perplexity,issue,puzzle,mystery,ask,inquiry,queryinterrogate,confused,bewildered2.所有疑問(wèn)句以“？”開頭來(lái)記錄百分比，percent﹖﹪問(wèn)題，疑問(wèn)2.所有疑問(wèn)句以“？”開頭來(lái)記錄百分比，pe“

”??

引用（理論，名言等）鄧小平理論Dengxiaopingtheories《紅樓夢(mèng)》

ADreaminRedMansionsTheStroyoftheStone書“”??引用（理論，名言等）鄧小平理論《紅樓夢(mèng)》書﹙﹚由…組成，包括，容納contain,comprise,cover,includeenclose,involve,embrace,bemadeupof,consistof〔〕用于記錄狀語(yǔ)﹙﹚由…組成，包括，容納〔〕用于記錄狀語(yǔ)∵∴五.數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)因?yàn)?，由于，幸虧because,dueto,thanksto所以，因此，結(jié)果是so,therefore,thatiswhy…consequently∵∴五.數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)因?yàn)?，由于，幸虧所以，因此，結(jié)果是﹢和，另外，多plus,and,add,morethan,besides,moreover,inaddition另外五十a(chǎn)notherfifty五十多morethanfifty更少fewer﹢和，另外，多另外五十a(chǎn)notherfifty五十多÷－＝

減去，負(fù)增長(zhǎng)

minus除了except相同，一致thesameas公平fair,equal,justice比作compare…to…符合beconsistentwithbeinagreementwithcomplywith÷－＝減去，負(fù)增長(zhǎng)除了except相同，一致the≠≈不贊同，不平等，有差距，不符合disagree,unfair,difference,disparity不符合事實(shí)notcomplywiththefact大約，大概about,almost,nearly等于說(shuō)，也就是說(shuō)thatistosay,inotherwords≠≈不贊同，不平等，有差距，不符合不符合事實(shí)大約，大概等于說(shuō)＜＞1.大于，超過(guò)surpass,exceed,morethansuperiorto2.供過(guò)于求supplyexceedsdemand過(guò)熱overheated少于，低于lessthan,inferiorto2.供不應(yīng)求demandexceedssupply＜＞1.大于，超過(guò)2.供過(guò)于求supplyexce∑總和sum∈×屬于belongto錯(cuò)的，不好的，負(fù)面的wrong,mistake,fault,bad,negativenotorious2.否決veto∑總和sum∈×屬于belongto錯(cuò)的，不好的，√

不稱霸notseekhegemony對(duì)的，好的，積極的correct,good,positive,affirmative2.支持，善于，有利于support,begoodat,intheinterestof3.認(rèn)可，批準(zhǔn)endorse,ratify,confirm,approve√不稱霸notseekhegemony對(duì)的，好的文中立六.中文文化，文學(xué)，文明culture,literature,civilization中國(guó)People’sRepublicofChina立場(chǎng)，position(一）中文字文中立六.中文文化，文學(xué)，文明中國(guó)立場(chǎng)，position(力兒大力量，能力，權(quán)力power,strength,force,ability,capability兒童,childrenbig,huge,great,vast,gianttremendous,immense,spacious,extensive,massive,capacious市市場(chǎng)，market力兒大力量，能力，權(quán)力兒童,childrenbig,（二）偏旁部首學(xué)習(xí)study,learn家family,home快，迅速soon,rapid,swift,speedyquick,prompt（二）偏旁部首學(xué)習(xí)study,learn家fami組織organize,structure,tissue建設(shè)build,construct措施measure飯，食物meal,ricefood餐館，飯店restaurant組織organize,structure,tissu疾病illness,disease,ailment,sick病人patient軍事，軍隊(duì)military,army,troop管理management,administration健康health疾病illness,disease,ailment,fu(三)拼音字母感謝thank,appreciate稱霸，霸權(quán)主義hegemony,seekhegemony貢獻(xiàn)contribution腐敗corruptionfu(三)拼音字母感謝thank,appreciat﹟七.諧音僅僅just,merely,only,nothingmorethannotonly環(huán)境environment,surroundings,settingcircumstance,condition,background﹟七.諧音僅僅notonly環(huán)境八化學(xué)符號(hào)Fe鐵ferrum,iron鐵路railway八化學(xué)符號(hào)Fe鐵ferrum,iron鐵路rai九生物♀

♂

女性woman,female男性man,male九生物♀♂女性woman,female男性m十地圖標(biāo)識(shí)學(xué)校教育十地圖標(biāo)識(shí)學(xué)校教育十一英文（一）英文字母bcd但是but,however,nevertheless相信believe,trust世紀(jì)century日子，今天day,today十一英文（一）英文字母bcd但是but,howevefgh經(jīng)濟(jì)economy金融finance政府government1.希望hope2.小時(shí)，hourefgh經(jīng)濟(jì)economy金融finance政府ImM我I,me1.月month2.分鐘minute管理managementn多many,much,multi-ImM我I,me1.月month2.分鐘p1.政治，政黨，政權(quán)，政策politics,party,power,policy2.部門department,section,ministry外交部theMinistryofForeignAffairs生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品produce,manufacture,productp1.政治，政黨，政權(quán)，政策2.部門departmerR改革reform1.權(quán)利right2.公路road高速公路expresswayrR改革reform1.權(quán)利right高速公路s1.科學(xué)science2.社會(huì)society3.自從since社會(huì)主義socialism從那以后fromthenons1.科學(xué)science2.社會(huì)society3tR&D時(shí)間,倍time想，認(rèn)為think技術(shù)technology科技scienceandtechnology高科技high-tech研發(fā)researchanddevelopmenttR&D時(shí)間,倍time技術(shù)technology科技uvwy你you勝利，成功win,success,victory,triumph我們we年yearuvwy你you勝利，成功我們we年year（二）英文小寫縮略alco雖然，盡管，即使although,though,despiteindespiteof,evenif,eventhough商業(yè)business,commerce公司company,corporation,firm（二）英文小寫縮略alco雖然，盡管，即使商業(yè)busicom

社團(tuán)community財(cái)政fiscal教育education例如forexample,forinstancecom社團(tuán)community財(cái)政fiscal教育insinfoinfra保險(xiǎn)insurance信息information,message基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施infrastructure邀請(qǐng)invitationinsinfoinfra保險(xiǎn)insurance信息inu核的nuclear消息news貿(mào)易trade旅游travel,tour,journey稅taxnu核的nuclear消息news貿(mào)易tradegymgraddocdemo利用use,utilize,makeuseof體育館gymnasium畢業(yè)生graduates醫(yī)生，博士doctor演示demonstrategymgraddocdemo利用use,utilizeen經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷experience效率effective,efficiency盡快assoonasimpossible請(qǐng)please能源energyen經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷experience效率effecti（三）英文大寫縮略CPCSOEPC中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨CommunistPartyofChina國(guó)有企業(yè)state-ownedenterprise1.個(gè)人電腦personalcomputer2.記者招待會(huì)pressconference（三）英文大寫縮略CPCSOEPC中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨國(guó)有企業(yè)1.DPRKROK亞太地區(qū)Asia-Pacificregion朝鮮DemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKorea韓國(guó)RepublicofKoreaDPRKROK亞太地區(qū)Asia-PacificregiLRJCJVHR勞動(dòng)力資源laborresources聯(lián)合公報(bào)JointCommunique合資企業(yè)JointVenture人權(quán)humanright人力資源humanresourcesLRJCJVHR勞動(dòng)力資源laborresourcesPESMESEZOK批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可ratify,authorize計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)PlannedEconomy社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)SocialistMarketEconomy經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)SpecialEconomicZonePESMESEZOK批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可ratify,autho組織縮略&國(guó)家地區(qū)縮略UN聯(lián)合國(guó)UnitedNationsUNESCOGATT聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織UnitedNationsEconomic,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade組織縮略&國(guó)家地區(qū)縮略UN聯(lián)合國(guó)UnitedNatioAPECOPECEUWTO世界貿(mào)易組織WorldTradeOrganization亞太經(jīng)合組織theAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation石油輸出國(guó)家組織OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries歐盟EuropeanUnionAPECOPECEUWTO世界貿(mào)易組織亞太經(jīng)合組織石油輸出國(guó)IMFAmUSUK國(guó)際貨幣基金組織InternationalMonetaryFund美國(guó)America,theUnitedStates英國(guó)theUnitedKingdomIMFAmUSUK國(guó)際貨幣基金組織美國(guó)America,HKTWKr朝鮮，韓國(guó)Korea香港Hongkong臺(tái)灣Taiwan日本JapanHKTWKr朝鮮，韓國(guó)Korea香港HongkongBJSHSZCS北京Beijing上海Shanghai深圳Shenzhen長(zhǎng)沙ChangshaBJSHSZCS北京Beijing上海Shangha（四）單詞spynew（四）單詞spynew（五）音標(biāo)1.行動(dòng)act,action,activity2.計(jì)劃，方案，項(xiàng)目program,project（五）音標(biāo)1.行動(dòng)act,action,activ十二貨幣符號(hào)＄￥￡1.美元dollars2.錢money1.人民幣RMB2.利益interest,profit英鎊pound十二貨幣符號(hào)＄￥￡1.美元dollars2.錢十三其它符號(hào)－這，現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)行，當(dāng)前this,now,here,existing,moderncurrent,nowadays,contemporaryatpresent2.基礎(chǔ)basis,basic,foundation,fundamental3.穩(wěn)定stability十三其它符號(hào)－這，現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)行，當(dāng)前2.基礎(chǔ)3.穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)行政策本屆政府和平與穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)行政策本屆政府和平與穩(wěn)定≡保障，堅(jiān)持，維護(hù)ensure,guarantee,safeguardinsiston,maintenance千thousand一千onethousand≡保障，堅(jiān)持，維護(hù)千thousand一千onet十四關(guān)聯(lián)詞/路標(biāo)詞雖然…但是…因?yàn)椤浴皇恰恰坏摇年P(guān)聯(lián)詞/路標(biāo)詞雖然…但是…因?yàn)椤浴皇恰恰坏玦fI/bI/hI/tI/expI/est如果if,providedthat我相信Ibelieve我希望Ihope我認(rèn)為Ithink我期待Iexpect我估計(jì)IestimateifI/bI/hI/tI/expI/est如果if,p筆記符號(hào)state,kingdom,country,nation,national,federalcity,metropolis,cosmopolis,metropolitan,urban,municipalvillage,farm,outskirt,countryside,suburban,ruralareas右上角：人右下角：地方、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)一.圖形符號(hào)筆記符號(hào)state,kingdom,country,ncitizen,urbanresidents/inhabitantsfamer,peasant,rancher,agriculturist領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，監(jiān)督;頂點(diǎn)，頂級(jí)，最lead,supervise,head,peak,top,supreme,utmost,maximum,climaxuniversal,worldwide,international,transnational,global,transcontinental,allovertheworld,acrossboundariescitizen,urbanresidents/inh多國(guó)，其他國(guó)家othercountries國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)nationaleconomydomestic,native,internal,interior,athomeforeign,overseas,abroad,alien,exotic,outofthecountry,beyondseas,intheforeignlandinandoutofthecountry,athomeandabroad多國(guó)，其他國(guó)家othercountries國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)口import出口export進(jìn)出口import&export飛行員pilot飛機(jī)場(chǎng)airport中國(guó)人Chinesepeople進(jìn)口import出口export進(jìn)出口impor經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體economicentity金融機(jī)構(gòu)financialinstitutionboss,leader,chairman,ruler,chief,manager,president,majesty,governor,director,supervisor,monitor國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，政府首腦stateleader廣場(chǎng)square,plaze經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體economicentity金融機(jī)構(gòu)fin宏觀調(diào)控，macro-control首都capitalcity重要

important,significant,key,critical,crucial,essential,vital,eventful,principal,core,ofgreatimportance/significance/consequence宏觀調(diào)控，macro-control首都capital3.主要main,chief,primary,major,dominant,overwhelming

4.精彩

wonderful,terrific,splendid,fantastic,marvelous2.杰出great,well-known,outstanding,remarkable,excellent,perfect,brilliant,distinguished,notable,eminent,promising,prominent,prestigious,glorious,noteworthy,3.主要4.精彩2.杰出5.強(qiáng)調(diào)emphasize,focus,underline,underscorestress,highlight,spotlight,accentuatefocuson,layemphasis/stressonattachimportanceto,payattentiontothemostimportant5.強(qiáng)調(diào)themostimportant特點(diǎn)，特色，特征mark,feature,character,symbol,sign,characteristic,specialitypeculiarity,attribute2.代表represent,symbolize,typify,standfor,onbehalfof特點(diǎn)，特色，特征2.代表整體，全部，總共whole,all,total,entire,complete,overallgeneral,universal,integral,gross,intact,onthewhole,allinall2.團(tuán)結(jié)，統(tǒng)一，團(tuán)聚united,unification,gather,gettogether所有國(guó)家所有人，人民群眾整體，全部，總共2.團(tuán)結(jié)，統(tǒng)一，團(tuán)聚所有國(guó)家所有人，人民群主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整sovereigntyandterritorialintegrity⊙會(huì)議meeting,forum,session,seminar,conference,symposium,committee,association,parliament,council峰會(huì)summit(meeting)主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整⊙會(huì)議峰會(huì)∞

關(guān)聯(lián)linkto,connectwith,relateto,associatewith2.替代replace,displace,supplant,substituteinsteadof,taketheplaceof交流，交換exchange,interact,communicate2.關(guān)系interaction,relation,relationshippartnership∞關(guān)聯(lián)2.替代交流，交換2.關(guān)系雙邊關(guān)系，bilateralrelationship多邊關(guān)系，multilateralrelationship舉杯，協(xié)議toast,agreement,treaty,contractConvention,revolution雙邊協(xié)議，bilateralagreement多邊協(xié)議，multilateralagreement雙邊關(guān)系，bilateralrelationship多邊關(guān)⊕發(fā)展，develop,development發(fā)達(dá)的，developed發(fā)展中的，developing開始begin,start,initiate,open,originate,launch,pioneercommence,inaugurate⊕發(fā)展，develop,development發(fā)達(dá)的，de2.形成，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)establish,found,create,appear,emerge,occur,comeout,breakout,comeintobeing/existence3.醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生RedCross,hospital,medicalcaremedicalinstitution2.形成，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)3.醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生禁止，結(jié)束end,conclude,complete,cease,stop,close,terminate,expire,halt,over,pause,turnoff,switchoff,breakupmakeanendof,bringtoanend,bringtoaconclusion道路，方法method,way,road,means,measureapproach,manner,access,route,coursemode,bymeansof,bywayof禁止，結(jié)束道路，方法歪曲twist,distortionoffact2.困難，挫折difficulty,hardship,trouble,painful,tough,frustration,setback遠(yuǎn)

faraway近

near,close歪曲2.困難，挫折遠(yuǎn)faraway近near,臺(tái)階，進(jìn)步stepbystep,progress,advancemakeprogress過(guò)去，歷史inthepast,history昨天yesterday上個(gè)月lastmonth去年lastyear臺(tái)階，進(jìn)步過(guò)去，歷史昨天yesterday上個(gè)月l前所未有的，unprecedented很久以前，longbefore未來(lái)，將要,inthefuture改變，變化

change,transform前所未有的，unprecedented很久以前，longb果實(shí)，成果fruit,result,accomplishmentachievement（使）消失，廢除delete,exclude,dismiss,erasedisappear,vanish,extinct,removeabolish,getridof,wipeout2.

破壞，推翻，剝奪destroy,ruin,collapse,overthrowdemolish,

deprive,

果實(shí)，成果（使）消失，廢除2.破壞，推翻，剝奪4.倒閉，下崗bankrupt,

layoff,resign,retire5.死亡，已故的kill,murder,die,passaway,thelate6.解決，達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)overcome,settle,solve,address,realize,achieve,accomplish,fulfill3.拋棄abandon,desert,discard4.倒閉，下崗5.死亡，已故的6.解決，達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)3二.人體行為符號(hào)smile,happy,glad,pleased,excitedinagoodmoodunhappy,sad,unsatisfied,angry,inabadmoodQ1.說(shuō)tell,state,announce,express,claim,address,declare,argue,vow,explain,Introduce,report2.評(píng)論comment,remark,evaluateappraise,review二.人體行為符號(hào)smile,happy,glad,開羅宣言，CairoManifesto贊揚(yáng)speakhighlyof,praise批評(píng)criticize眾說(shuō)紛紜，若干說(shuō)法variousopinions開羅宣言，CairoManifesto贊揚(yáng)speak改革開放reformandopeningup愛(ài)，關(guān)心love,concern,careabout嚇唬，威脅scare,threaten1.聽,listento2.開放,beopento改革開放愛(ài)，關(guān)心嚇唬，威脅1.聽,listento:看observe,view,glance,stare,noticeglimpse,scan,skim,witness,gaze2.想think,consider,regard,conceiveponder,suppose,imagine,meditatespeculate,contemplate3.揭示，顯示show,suggest,indicate,reveal,discover,reflect:看2.想3.揭示，顯示←1.來(lái)come2.收到receive3.需要，缺少need,require,want,beshortof,4.邀請(qǐng)，應(yīng)邀invite,oninvitation愿意接受acceptwithpleasure1.賣sell2.獲利makeaprofit←1.來(lái)come愿意接受acceptwithp去，到go

引起，導(dǎo)致resultin,leadto1.買buy2.投資invest↑增加；上升；完善；繁榮increase,heighten,enhance,grow,lift

soar,rise,raise,elevate,ascendflourish,advance,update,improveprosperity,boost,giveboostto,goup去，到go1.買buy↑增加；上升；完善；繁榮↓減少，降低，貶值decrease,decline,reduce,descenddiminish,fall,drop,sink,lowerrelieve,weaken,lessen,deterioratedevalue,degrade,depreciate,discountgodown,falloff1.很，非常deeply,very,quite,awfully2.深遠(yuǎn)的profound,far-reaching↓減少，降低，貶值1.很，非常deeply,very推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)，有助于promote,strengthen,encouragestimulate,facilitate,reinforcestrive,push,urge,stir,forceaccelerate,drive,prompt,propelgiveimpetusto,carryforward阻礙，推遲obstacle,postpone,delay,restrainwithdraw,discourage,curb,hamperhinder,barrier,bar,encumber,putoffstandinone’sway,holdback,drawback推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)，有助于阻礙，推遲↗沖突，矛盾，分歧，爭(zhēng)議conflict,contradictiondifference,dispute越來(lái)越increasing,growing,moreandmore越來(lái)越大biggerandbigger越來(lái)越多moreandmore↗沖突，矛盾，分歧，爭(zhēng)議越來(lái)越越來(lái)越大bigger壓力，影響pressure,burden,load,stress,impact,influence,effect,affectexertinfluenceon,haveeffecton迄今為止sofar,uptonow,tillnow壓力，影響迄今為止…四.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)多numerous,countless,enormousabundant,various,mass,uncountableinnumerable,considerable,substantialaseriesof2.持續(xù)，繼續(xù)，一直last,continue,remain,maintainpersist,still,continuouseverlasting,eternal,permanent,constant,frequent,always,endless,allalong,keepon,goon…四.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)多numerous,countless3.信息點(diǎn)的弱化4.信息的省略andsoon在某種程度上tosomedegree不那么重要notsoimportant3.信息點(diǎn)的弱化4.信息的省略在某種程度上不那么重要﹗1.危險(xiǎn)，警告，當(dāng)心dangerous,hazardous,jeopardywarning,alarming,alertindanger,watchout2.加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣：務(wù)必，一定，當(dāng)然sure,certainly,ofcourse老實(shí)說(shuō)，說(shuō)實(shí)在的

tobefrank,totellyouthetruth﹗1.危險(xiǎn)，警告，當(dāng)心2.加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣：務(wù)必，一定，當(dāng)然老實(shí)﹖﹪問(wèn)題，疑問(wèn)question,problem,perplexity,issue,puzzle,mystery,ask,inquiry,queryinterrogate,confused,bewildered2.所有疑問(wèn)句以“？”開頭來(lái)記錄百分比，percent﹖﹪問(wèn)題，疑問(wèn)2.所有疑問(wèn)句以“？”開頭來(lái)記錄百分比，pe“

”??

引用（理論，名言等）鄧小平理論Dengxiaopingtheories《紅樓夢(mèng)》

ADreaminRedMansionsTheStroyoftheStone書“”??引用（理論，名言等）鄧小平理論《紅樓夢(mèng)》書﹙﹚由…組成，包括，容納contain,comprise,cover,includeenclose,involve,embrace,bemadeupof,consistof〔〕用于記錄狀語(yǔ)﹙﹚由…組成，包括，容納〔〕用于記錄狀語(yǔ)∵∴五.數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)因?yàn)?，由于，幸虧because,dueto,thanksto所以，因此，結(jié)果是so,therefore,thatiswhy…consequently∵∴五.數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)因?yàn)?，由于，幸虧所以，因此，結(jié)果是﹢和，另外，多plus,and,add,morethan,besides,moreover,inaddition另外五十a(chǎn)notherfifty五十多morethanfifty更少fewer﹢和，另外，多另外五十a(chǎn)notherfifty五十多÷－＝

減去，負(fù)增長(zhǎng)

minus除了except相同，一致thesameas公平fair,equal,justice比作compare…to…符合beconsistentwithbeinagreementwithcomplywith÷－＝減去，負(fù)增長(zhǎng)除了except相同，一致the≠≈不贊同，不平等，有差距，不符合disagree,unfair,difference,disparity不符合事實(shí)notcomplywiththefact大約，大概about,almost,nearly等于說(shuō)，也就是說(shuō)thatistosay,inotherwords≠≈不贊同，不平等，有差距，不符合不符合事實(shí)大約，大概等于說(shuō)＜＞1.大于，超過(guò)surpass,exceed,morethansuperiorto2.供過(guò)于求supplyexceedsdemand過(guò)熱overheated少于，低于lessthan,inferiorto2.供不應(yīng)求demandexceedssupply＜＞1.大于，超過(guò)2.供過(guò)于求supplyexce∑總和sum∈×屬于belongto錯(cuò)的，不好的，負(fù)面的wrong,mistake,fault,bad,negativenotorious2.否決veto∑總和sum∈×屬于belongto錯(cuò)的，不好的，√

不稱霸notseekhegemony對(duì)的，好的，積極的correct,good,positive,affirmative2.支持，善于，有利于support,begoodat,intheinterestof3.認(rèn)可，批準(zhǔn)endorse,ratify,confirm,approve√不稱霸notseekhegemony對(duì)的，好的文中立六.中文文化，文學(xué)，文明culture,literature,civilization中國(guó)People’sRepublicofChina立場(chǎng)，position(一）中文字文中立六.中文文化，文學(xué)，文明中國(guó)立場(chǎng)，position(力兒大力量，能力，權(quán)力power,strength,force,ability,capability兒童,childrenbig,huge,great,vast,gianttremendous,immense,spacious,extensive,massive,capacious市市場(chǎng)，market力兒大力量，能力，權(quán)力兒童,childrenbig,（二）偏旁部首學(xué)習(xí)study,learn家family,home快，迅速soon,rapid,swift,speedyquick,prompt（二）偏旁部首學(xué)習(xí)study,learn家fami組織organize,structure,tissue建設(shè)build,construct措施measure飯，食物meal,ricefood餐館，飯店restaurant組織organize,structure,tissu疾病illness,disease,ailment,sick病人patient軍事，軍隊(duì)military,army,troop管理management,administration健康health疾病illness,disease,ailment,fu(三)拼音字母感謝thank,appreciate稱霸，霸權(quán)主義hegemony,seekhegemony貢獻(xiàn)contribution腐敗corruptionfu(三)拼音字母感謝thank,appreciat﹟七.諧音僅僅just,merely,only,nothingmorethannotonly環(huán)境environment,surroundings,settingcircumstance,condition,background﹟七.諧音僅僅notonly環(huán)境八化學(xué)符號(hào)Fe鐵ferrum,iron鐵路railway八化學(xué)符號(hào)Fe鐵ferrum,iron鐵路rai九生物♀

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