考研考博-英語-吉林科技職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林科技職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividualperson.Itisconcernedwithdescribingandexplaininglanguageasamatterofhumanbehavior.Peoplespeakandwrite;theyalsoevidentlyreadandunderstandwhattheyhear.Theyarenotborndoingso;theyhavetoacquiretheseskills.Noteverybodyseemstodevelopthemtothesamedegree.Peoplemaysufferaccidentsordiseases,whichimpairtheirperformance.Languageisthusseenaspartofhumanpsychology,aparticularsortofbehavior,thebehaviorwhichhasasitsprincipalfunctionthatofcommunication.

Thetroublewiththeterm“behavior”isthatitisoftentakentoreferonlytomoreorlessovert,anddescribable,physicalmovementsandacts.Yetpartoflanguagebehavior—thatofunderstandingspokenorwrittenlanguage,forexample—haslittleornophysicallyobservablesigns.Itistruewecansometimesinferthatunderstandinghastakenplacebythechangesthattakeplaceintheotherperson’sbehavior.Whensomeonehasbeenprohibitedfromdoingsomething,wemayinferthathehasunderstoodtheprohibitionbyobservingthatthereafterheneverbehavesinthatway.Wecannot,ofcourse,beabsolutelysurethathissubsequentbehaviorisaresultofhisunderstanding;itmightbeduetoalossofinterestorinclination.Sobehaviormustbetakentoincludeunobservableactivity,oftenonlytobeinferredfromotherobservablebehavior.

Onceweadmitthatthestudyoflanguagebehaviorinvolvesdescribingandexplainingtheunobservable,thesituationbecomesmuchmorecomplicated,becausewehavetopostulatesomesetofprocesses,someinternalmechanism,whichoperateswhenwespeakandunderstand.Wehavetopostulatesomethingwecancallamind.Thestudyoflanguagefromthispointofviewcanthenbeseenasastudyofthespecificproperties,processesandstatesofthemindwhoseofoutwardwardmanifestationsareobservablebehavior;whatwehavetoknowinordertoperformlinguistically.

Thisapproachtolanguage,asaphenomenonoftheindividual,isthusprincipallyconcernedwithexplaininghowweacquirelanguage.anditsrelationlogeneralhumancognitivesystems,andwiththepsychologicalmechanismsunderlyingthecomprehensionandproductionofspeech;muchlesswiththeproblemofwhatlanguageisfor,thatis,itsfunctionascommunication,sincethisnecessarilyinvolvesmorethanasingleindividual.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Whatdoestheterm“behavior”inthesecondparagraphespeciallyrefertointhispassage?

4.Whatdoes“internalmechanism”(Line3,Para3)mean?

5.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.LanguageasMeansofCommunication

B.LanguageandPsychology

C.LanguageandtheIndividual

D.LanguageasaSocialPhenomenon

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Languageisoftenregardaspartofhumanpsychology.

B.Peopledeveloplanguageskillsofdifferentdegreesasaresultofdifferentpersonalexperiences.

C.Languageisaspecialkindofpsychologicalbehaviorthatisbornwithanindividual.

D.Peoplelearntospeakandwritethroughimitationandtraining.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itreferstoobservableandphysicalmovementsandacts.

B.Itreferstothepartoflanguagebehaviorthatinvolvesunderstandingorinterpretation.

C.Itreferstoboththeovertandtheunobservablelanguagebehaviorsincommunicating.

D.Itreferstoactsofspeakingandwriting.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Secretmachine.

B.Mentalprocesses.

C.Oversystem.

D.Mechanicoperation.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itsindividualisticapproachtolanguageismeanttostudythepsychologicalprocessesoflanguageacquisition.

B.Theindividualisticapproachtolanguageismainlyconcernedwithhowlanguagefunctionsinsociety.

C.Thestudyoflanguageissuretoinvolvemorethanasingleindividual.

D.Psychologicalapproachtolanguageisconcernedwiththecomprehensionandproductionofspeech.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章首段第一句Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividualperson.（首先，我們可以把語言看作是個(gè)體的一種現(xiàn)象。）C選項(xiàng)“語言與個(gè)人”，通讀全文可知，文章主要寫“語言和個(gè)體”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“語言是交流的手段”，B選項(xiàng)“語言和心理”，在文章第一段最后一句有提及，但不是文章的主要內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)“語言是一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象”，也可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)“語言常被認(rèn)為是人類心理的一部分”。A選項(xiàng)在文章第一段最后一句有所提及，“語言被看作是人類心理的一部分”，故A選項(xiàng)排除。B選項(xiàng)“由于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的不同，人們語言技能的發(fā)展程度也不同”。B選項(xiàng)在第一段第五、六句有所提及，并不是每個(gè)人都能達(dá)到同樣的程度。人們可能會(huì)遭遇事故或疾病，從而影響他們的表現(xiàn)。故B選項(xiàng)排除。C選項(xiàng)“語言是個(gè)體與生俱來的一種特殊的心理行為”，C選項(xiàng)在文章沒有提及。D選項(xiàng)“人們通過模仿和訓(xùn)練來學(xué)習(xí)說和寫”，D選項(xiàng)在第一段第三句可推理出來，人們不會(huì)天生獲得這種技能，由此可推測是后天的學(xué)習(xí)來進(jìn)行說和寫，可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“behavior”可定位到原文第二段Thetroublewiththeterm“behavior”isthatitisoftentakentoreferonlytomoreorlessovert,anddescribable,physicalmovementsandacts.Yetpartoflanguagebehavior—thatofunderstandingspokenorwrittenlanguage,forexample—haslittleornophysicallyobservablesigns…Sobehaviormustbetakentoincludeunobservableactivity,oftenonlytobeinferredfromotherobservablebehavior.（“行為”一詞的問題在于，它常常被認(rèn)為僅僅是指或多或少明顯的、可描述的身體運(yùn)動(dòng)和行為。然而，語言行為的一部分——例如理解口語或書面語言——很少或根本沒有物理上可觀察到的跡象……所以行為必須包括不可觀察的活動(dòng)，通常只能從其他可觀察的行為中推斷出來）可知文章中所提到的“behavior”特別指的是明顯的、可描述的身體運(yùn)動(dòng)和不可觀察的語言活動(dòng)，即C選項(xiàng)“交際行為是指交際中顯性的和不可見的語言行為”正確；A選項(xiàng)“它指的是可觀察到的物理運(yùn)動(dòng)和行為”，B選項(xiàng)“它是指語言行為中涉及理解或解釋的部分”太過片面；D選項(xiàng)“它指的是說和寫的行為”不符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“internalmechanism”可定位到原文第三段becausewehavetopostulatesomesetofprocesses,someinternalmechanism.（因?yàn)槲覀儽仨毤僭O(shè)一些過程，一些內(nèi)部機(jī)制）。B選項(xiàng)“心理歷程”正確。A選項(xiàng)“保密機(jī)器”；C選項(xiàng)“超過系統(tǒng)”；D選項(xiàng)“機(jī)器操作”，A、C、D都可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)“其個(gè)人主義的語言研究方法旨在研究語言習(xí)得的心理過程”，文章說的是，主要與解釋我們?nèi)绾瘟?xí)得語言有關(guān)，而不是心理過程，選項(xiàng)A可排除。B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人主義語言觀主要關(guān)注語言在社會(huì)中的作用”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)語言肯定不是一個(gè)人的事”，文章最后一段提到，語言作為交流的功能，因?yàn)檫@必然涉及到不只一個(gè)人，因此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“語言心理學(xué)研究涉及到對言語的理解和產(chǎn)生”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thescientificandmedicalcommunitiesareveryexcitedaboutthechancesgeneticresearchprovidesforgettingridofdiseaseandprolonginghumanlife.Butthosecommunitiesandpolicymakersalsoarecarefulaboutthescientificdoortheyareopeningastheprojectuncoversthemysteriesoflife.

Forthelastfewyears,thegeneticadvancesinthedevelopingfieldofbiotechnologyhaveprovidesmaterialforallkindsofwork,butthedevelopmentsofmodernscienceinunlockingthesecretsofthehumangeneticcodehaveopenedaworldofpossibilitiesforhumanhealth,aswellasforthepopularimagination.

WhileEuropeanandJapaneseresearchersaremakingrapidprogressindecodinghumanDNA,theleadingorganizationforgeneticresearchisintheUnitedStates,whichbeganin1990,is“unlockingthecode”ofthehumanbodytolearnhowtodefeatfataldiseases.Already,theHumanGenomeProjecthasbecomewidelyknownandpraisedforfindingthegenesconnectedwithterriblediseasesasyetandmakingprogresstowardseparatingthegenesthatshowasignofbreastcancerorAIDS.

Oncethesegenesarefoundandstudied,researcherscandevelopnewwaystoattackinfections,andgeneticdiseases.Medicalcompaniesareveryinterestedinmappingthehumangenome,astheyexpecttodevelopalotofnewdrugsfortheseillnesses.

1.Whydidthescientistsworkhardatmappingthehumangenome?

2.Whichcountrystudiedthegenesmostrapidlyintheworld?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.TheauthorsuggeststhattheHumanGenomeProjectcancause（）.

5.Themainideaofthisarticleisabout（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethehumangenomecandestroymanyillnesses.

B.Becausethehumangenome’scompletioncanhelpthemgetridofmanydiseases.

C.Becausetheywantedtobebetterknownthanothers.

D.Becausethehumangenomecanprovidealotofchancesofwork.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Japan.

B.Germany.

C.TheUnitedStates.

D.China.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ifthegenescanbefound,scientistscanstudymanynewwaystocureillnesses.

B.Thescientistshavemadegreatprogressinconnectingthegeneswiththecancers.

C.Manymedicalcompaniesshowgreatinterestindrawingthehumangenomemap.

D.TheUnitedStatesbegantheGenesStudyearlyinthe19thcentury.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thepolicymakerstofeelveryworriedandcareful

B.thescientiststoworkharder

C.manypeopletofindworkeasily

D.alotofcompaniestoproducemanynewdrugs

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.unlockinggeneticcode

B.thegenes’discovery

C.thegreathumangenome

D.thegenesandthescientists

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由最后一段Oncethesegenesarefoundandstudied,researcherscandevelopnewwaystoattackinfections,andgeneticdiseases.Medicalcompaniesareveryinterestedinmappingthehumangenome,astheyexpecttodevelopalotofnewdrugsfortheseillnesses.一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)并研究這些基因，研究人員就可以開發(fā)新的方法來對抗感染和遺傳疾病。醫(yī)藥公司對繪制人類基因組非常感興趣，因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍ_發(fā)出許多治療這些疾病的新藥?？芍茖W(xué)家繪制人類基因組的目的是為了研制一些藥來對抗疾病。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“WhileEuropeanandJapaneseresearchersaremakingrapidprogressindecodinghumanDNA,theleadingorganizationforgeneticresearchisintheUnitedStates,whichbeganin1990,is“unlockingthecode”ofthehumanbodytolearnhowtodefeatfataldiseases.當(dāng)歐洲和日本的研究人員在解碼人類DNA方面取得快速進(jìn)展時(shí)，始于1990年的美國的領(lǐng)先遺傳研究組織正在“解開人體的密碼”，以學(xué)習(xí)如何戰(zhàn)勝致命疾病?！庇纱丝芍绹诨蚍矫嫣幱陬I(lǐng)先地位，故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由theleadingorganizationforgeneticresearchisintheUnitedStates,whichbeganin1990,is“unlockingthecode”ofthehumanbodytolearnhowtodefeatfataldiseases.基因研究的主要組織是美國，成立于1990年，正在解開人體的“密碼”，以學(xué)習(xí)如何戰(zhàn)勝致命疾病?？芍绹?0世紀(jì)開始基因研究，而不是19世紀(jì)，故D項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容不符。答案D

4.推理判斷題。由第一段最后一句“Butthosecommunitiesandpolicymakersalsoarecarefulaboutthescientificdoortheyareopeningastheprojectuncoversthemysteriesoflife.但這些行業(yè)和政策制定者也對他們打開的科學(xué)之門保持謹(jǐn)慎，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)項(xiàng)目揭示了生命的奧秘?？芍狝項(xiàng)“政策制定者感到非常擔(dān)憂和謹(jǐn)慎”不對；C項(xiàng)文中未提及；由最后一句“Medicalcompaniesareveryinterestedinmappingthehumangenome,astheyexpecttodevelopalotofnewdrugsfortheseillnesses.醫(yī)藥公司對繪制人類基因組非常感興趣，因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍ_發(fā)出許多治療這些疾病的新藥?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“許多公司生產(chǎn)許多新藥”是事實(shí)，并不需要推理。故只有B項(xiàng)正確，結(jié)合全文可知人類基因組圖的完成將有助于科學(xué)家一系列難關(guān)，所以他們更加努力地探究。

5.主旨大意題。由第二段的thedevelopmentsofmodernscienceinunlockingthesecretsofthehumangeneticcodehaveopenedaworldofpossibilitiesforhumanhealth,aswellasforthepopularimagination.現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展解開了人類遺傳密碼的秘密，為人類健康以及大眾的想象打開了一個(gè)充滿可能性的世界。以及第三段的whichbeganin1990,is“unlockingthecode”ofthehumanbodytolearnhowtodefeatfataldiseases.它始于1990年，正在解開人體的“密碼”，以學(xué)習(xí)如何戰(zhàn)勝致命疾病?？芍庾x基因密碼可以知道如何對抗疾病。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Asyoucantellfromhowanimatedheis.Charlesisnottiredenoughtogotobedyet.Hewouldn’tsleepifhegoestobednow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asyoucan

B.howanimatedheis

C.tiredenough

D.hegoestobed

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。hegoestobed改為weretogotobed,主句和從句部分都是表示與將來事實(shí)相反，主句用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形，從句用wereto/should+動(dòng)詞原形。

4.單選題

They（）thehallwithpictures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adorned

B.ornamented

C.supplied

D.trimmed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。adorn“裝飾”，一般指為了“美觀”而裝飾；ornament“裝飾，修飾”，多指比較“浮夸”的裝飾品，通常在描述很大的豪宅時(shí)用ornament比較多；supply“提供，供應(yīng)”；trim“修剪，切除”。句中指的是用畫來裝飾大廳，所以選項(xiàng)A更恰當(dāng)。

5.單選題

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgroup.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroups,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.

Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

Researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingsofasocialgroup’smembers.Expressiveleadersarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.

Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveothersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibit(阻礙)attainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesandtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferenceinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyamoredistantrespect.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecomeleadersEXCEPT_______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?

4.Inmentioning“naturalleaders”inparagraph2,theauthorismakingthepointthat______.

5.Thepassageindicatesthatinstrumentalleadersgenerallyfocuson______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders.

B.Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups.

C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem.

D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.recruitment

B.formalelectionprocess

C.specificleadershiptraining

D.traditionalculturalpatterns

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Personwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderinanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchonleadership.

D.Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheirqualifications.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders”

B.thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist

C.“naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofagroup

D.“naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ensuringharmoniousrelationships

B.sharingresponsibilitywithgroupmembers

C.identifyingnewleaders

D.achievingagoal

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本篇主要討論不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者（如instrumentalleaders以及expressiveleaders）在不同的社會(huì)群體中所充當(dāng)?shù)慕巧桶l(fā)揮的功能，所以D選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在社會(huì)群體中的作用”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者面臨的問題”和B選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力在小群體和大群體中的區(qū)別”以及C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)群體如何決定誰將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他們”文章都沒有提及。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.（在家庭中，傳統(tǒng)的文化模式賦予父母一方或雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位）”由此可知D選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的文化模式”說法正確；以及“Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.（在較大的群體中，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人通常是通過選舉或招聘正式選出的。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“招聘”；B選項(xiàng)“正式的選舉程序”文中也有提到；只有C選項(xiàng)“具體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力培訓(xùn)”與該題無關(guān)，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段，第二段的大意為：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者沒有一個(gè)固定的特點(diǎn)，只是符合了一個(gè)特定群體需要的人就有可能成為該群體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。A選項(xiàng)“某一特定群體的有效領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，不一定就可以成為另一群體的有效領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“很少有人能成功地與他人分享領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色”和C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人通過學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的研究能更好的學(xué)習(xí)如何成為一個(gè)有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”文章第二段均未提到；D選項(xiàng)“許多人想成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，但卻很少能拿出證據(jù)來證明他們具有這樣的資格”曲解了文章意思，不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“...decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryofnaturalleaders.（數(shù)十年來的研究并不能找出可靠證據(jù)來證明哪些人可以成為天生領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者）”，所以B選項(xiàng)“沒有證據(jù)表明天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者存在”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“很少有人稱得上是天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”；C選項(xiàng)“天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者很容易被群體成員接受”；D選項(xiàng)“天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者有一組相似的特征”都與文章意思不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.（工具型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)群體完成任務(wù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式）”，由此可知工具型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)通常關(guān)注的是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，所以D選項(xiàng)“實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“確保和諧關(guān)系”；B選項(xiàng)“與小組成員分享責(zé)任”；C選項(xiàng)“確定新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”說法都不正確。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

ScientistsonTuesdaypushedthehandsoftheinfamous“DoomsdayClock”forwardoneminutefromlastyear,signalingtheir______pessimismabouttheeffortsofworldleaderstohandleglobalthreats.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.increase

B.increased

C.increasedly

D.increasing

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法知識?？崭袂笆莟heir形容詞性物主代詞，后是名詞pessimism悲觀主義，所以空格處應(yīng)填形容詞，可排除A和C。increased“增強(qiáng)的”；increasing“越來越也多的，漸增的”。句意：周二，科學(xué)家們把臭名昭著的“世界末日時(shí)鐘”撥快了一分鐘，比去年提前了一分鐘，這表明他們對世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人應(yīng)對全球威脅的努力持……悲觀態(tài)度。B選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)“已經(jīng)增強(qiáng)的”，綜合句意D選項(xiàng)更符合。

7.單選題

TheprefixMachisusedtodescribesupersonicspeed.ItwasnamedforErnstMach(1838-1916),aCzech-bornAustrianphysicist,whocontributedtothestudyofsound.Whentwicethespeedofsound,itisMach2.Whenitisnearbutbelowthespeedofsound,itsspeedcanbedesignatedatlessthanMach1,forexample,Mach0.9.Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”

Whenaplanepassesthesoundbarrier—flyingfasterthansoundtravels—listenersintheareahearthunderclaps,butthepilotoftheplanedoesnothearthem.

Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules—somewhatlikewavesspreadingoutonapondafterarockhasbeentossedintoit.

Thefrequencyofsoundisdeterminedbythenumberoftimesthevibratingwavesundulate（波動(dòng)）persecondandismeasuredincyclespersecond.Theslowerthecycleofwaves,thelowerthefrequency.Asfrequenciesincrease,thesoundishigherinpitch.

Soundisaudibletohumanbeingsonlyifthefrequencyfallswithinacertainrange.Thehumanearisusuallynotsensitivetofrequenciesoffewerthan20vibrationspersecond,ormorethanabout20,000vibrationspersecond—althoughthisrangevariesamongindividuals.Anythingatapitchhigherthanthehumanearcanhearistermedultrasonic.

Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.Thehumanearrespondstointensityinarangefromzeroto120decibels.Anysoundwithpressureover120decibelsispainfultothehumanear.

Thespeedofsoundisgenerallyplacedat1.088feetpersecondatsealevelat32degreesFahrenheit.Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.Soundtravelsfasterinwaterthaninair,andevenfasterinironandsteel.Ittravelsamilein5secondsinair,itdoesamileunderwaterin1second,andittravelsthroughironin1/3second.Ittravelsthroughicecoldvaporatapproximately4,708feetpersecond;ice-coldwater,4,938;granite,12,960;hardwood,12,620;brick,11,960;glass,16,410to19,690;silver,8,658;gold,5,717.

1.Accordingtothispassage,“Mach”refersto（

）.

2.Soundisproducedby

（

）.

3.Decibelis

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisaTRUEstatement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theratiooftheairspeedofanaircrafttothespeedofsound

B.amachine

C.aCzech-bornAustralianphysicist

D.thepilotoftheplane

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.vibrationsofanobjectpassingthroughtheair

B.spreadingofwavesafterarockbeingtossedintoapond

C.thunders

D.aflyingplane

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefrequencyofradiatingwaves

B.thepressureofradiatingwaves

C.theunitformeasuringtheintensityofsound

D.thespeedofsound

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Soundtravelsfastestthroughthehardestthing.

B.Soundtravelsatdifferentspeedindifferenttemperaturesandindifferentmedia.

C.Soundtravelsfastestinhottesttemperature.

D.Soundtravelsfastestincoldesttemperature.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThePrefixMach.

B.TheSpeedofSound.

C.TheFrequencyofSound.

D.TheIntensityofSound.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Mach定位到文章第一段中，由Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”（馬赫被定義為“在被考慮的媒介中，火箭或飛機(jī)的速度與聲速的比率”）可知選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules（聲音是由物體的振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的，并通過分子的物質(zhì)介質(zhì)向外輻射的壓力的交替增加和減少而傳播）可知A選項(xiàng)“物體通過空氣的振動(dòng)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞decibel定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中，由Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.（強(qiáng)度，或響度，是這些輻射波的壓力強(qiáng)度，以分貝為單位）可知C選項(xiàng)“測量聲音強(qiáng)度的單位”符合題意。

4.推理判讀題。文章最后一段的“Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.（它在其他溫度和不同的介質(zhì)中變化）”中的it指的是前句中的“thespendofsound（聲音的速度）”，然后介紹了在不同介質(zhì)中傳播的速度不同，因此B選項(xiàng)“聲音以不同的速度在不同的溫度和不同的介質(zhì)中傳播”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)僅適合文章第一段的主題；C選項(xiàng)僅適合第四段和第五段的主題；D選項(xiàng)僅適合第六段的主題。文章首段與尾段都提到了聲音的速度，中間也有提到，因此B選項(xiàng)“聲音的速度”符合題意。

8.單選題

Shethoughtitcoulddonoharmto（）herescortabit,atleastonhistasteinwines.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complement

B.flatter

C.flatten

D.decorate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complement“補(bǔ)足；補(bǔ)充”；B選項(xiàng)flatter“奉承；諂媚；使高興”；C選項(xiàng)flatten“擊敗；摧毀；使平坦”；D選項(xiàng)decorate“裝飾；布置”。句意：她認(rèn)為，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能帶來害處，至少在奉承其對葡萄酒的品味上不可能帶來害處。結(jié)合此處語境，B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Itisnecessarythathe（

）theassignmentwithoutdelay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.handin

B.handsin

C.musthandin

D.hastohandin

【答案】A

【解析】考察itisnecessary+that…固定句型的用法。固定句型：Itisnecessary+that（should）be+其他成分，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Wecouldnothavesucceeded______yourhelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.butfor

B.without

C.ifithadnotbeenfor

D.alltheabove

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。A項(xiàng)butfor“要不是，如果沒有”，B項(xiàng)without“沒有”，C項(xiàng)ifithadnotbeenfor“若不是因?yàn)椤脑挕?，D項(xiàng)alltheabove“以上所有都是”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處可以表示假設(shè)，A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都符合，用來表示對過去的假設(shè)；B項(xiàng)也可以用來表示條件，引出虛擬語氣；所以A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都正確。句意：沒有你的幫助，我們是不可能成功的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Obviously,theemployer’sreplyborelittle（）toemployees’requirements.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relationship

B.concern

C.interest

D.relevance

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。relationship“關(guān)系”；concern“關(guān)心”；interest“興趣”；relevance“要求”。本句意為“很明顯的，雇主的答復(fù)與雇員的要求無關(guān)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Shewasyoungandbeautiful;hewasoldbutveryrich.Rumorssaidthather______tendencydrovehertomarryhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.avaricious

B.frugal

C.austere

D.penurious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)avaricious“貪婪的，貪得無厭的”，B項(xiàng)frugal“節(jié)儉的，樸素的”，C項(xiàng)austere“嚴(yán)峻的，簡樸的”，D項(xiàng)penurious“吝嗇的，缺乏的”。由rich可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：她年輕美麗；他雖然老了，但很富有。有謠言說她的貪婪傾向驅(qū)使她嫁給了他。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues（

）andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revolved

B.resolved

C.revived

D.revolted

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘試想一下，當(dāng)他的三個(gè)高級內(nèi)閣同僚都在周五晚上向他遞交了辭呈并進(jìn)行抗議，這對這位首相的打擊有多大?！芍@里應(yīng)選與resignedinprotest“辭職抗議”為并列關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞。A選項(xiàng)revolve“旋轉(zhuǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)resolve“解決”；C選項(xiàng)revive“使復(fù)活，使恢復(fù)”;D選項(xiàng)revolt“反叛，起義”。D選項(xiàng)的revolted與protest相對應(yīng)，D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Hewas（）fromthecompetitionbecausehehadnotcompliedwiththerules.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forbidden

B.barred

C.disqualified

D.excused

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:forbid“禁止，指禁止某人進(jìn)入某地、或禁止某人用某物或做某事”；B:bar“禁止，指用障礙物阻止或禁止”；C:disqualify“取消……的資格”；D:excuse“原諒”。句意：他被禁止參加比賽，因?yàn)樗麤]有遵守比賽規(guī)則。結(jié)合句意，故C為正確答案。

15.單選題

Weacceptanybodyregardless______nationality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.for

C.of

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。B選項(xiàng)regardlessfor“尊重；考慮到”；C選項(xiàng)regardlessof“不管，無論”；A選項(xiàng)regardlessto和D選項(xiàng)regardlessin非固定搭配。句意：我們接受任何人，______國籍。根據(jù)語境，這里指接受每個(gè)國家的人，C選項(xiàng)regardlessof“不管，無論”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

Directions:ChoosetwoofthefollowingsentencesandtranslatethemintoEnglish.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points,5pointseach)

Note:Youarerequiredtotranslate2ofthefollowingsentences.

1、世界是豐富多彩的，各種文明和社會(huì)體制應(yīng)當(dāng)求同存異并，取長補(bǔ)短。我們不能照搬照抄別國的政治制度。

2、世界上很難找出政黨制度和政治制度完全相同的國家。各國有各國的國情。關(guān)鍵的是要有利于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和政治穩(wěn)定，維護(hù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)人民的根本利益。

3、腐敗作為一種社會(huì)歷史現(xiàn)象，古今中外很多社會(huì)都有。