考研考博-英語-華北理工大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1VIP

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華北理工大學(xué)輕工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas（）totheissueathand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.irrelevant

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)irrational“不合理的”；B選項(xiàng)unreasonable“不合理的；非理智的”；C選項(xiàng)irrelevant“不相干的；不切題的”；D選項(xiàng)invalid“無效的；有病的；殘廢的”。句意：這位法官判定這一證據(jù)是不予采納的，理由是它與手頭的案件是不相干的。C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

（）,thelionisamemberofthecatfamily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Likethetiger

B.Aliketothetiger

C.Likingthetiger

D.Itislikethetiger

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。分析題干和選項(xiàng)可知，空格后面已經(jīng)是完整的句子，因此空格處應(yīng)為形容詞短語做狀語，故選B。句意：和老虎一樣，獅子也是貓科動(dòng)物中的一員。

3.單選題

Melissaisacomputer（）thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.genius

B.virus

C.disease

D.bacteria

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析和上下文語義。根據(jù)下句“destroyedfilesincomputers”可推測(cè)Melissa是一種計(jì)算機(jī)病毒，選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

4.單選題

YesterdayWangWeiguowasinabarfightinwhichhehitapatrolmanattemptingtobreakitup;afterwardshewasquiteupsetwiththepolice,wholethimstayiniailovernight

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasinabarfightinwhich

B.attemptingto

C.breakitup

D.lethimstayiniail

E.沒有問題

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。Let改成made。由關(guān)鍵詞“stayinjail呆在監(jiān)獄里”知這里的動(dòng)詞let“讓；允許”在語境上不恰當(dāng)，這里可以改成“made”(make的過去式)。

5.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmallwell-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts.Yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerlessthathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob.Theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（

）

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividualfunctionsinit

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkerandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一句話通常點(diǎn)出主旨大意。通篇文章都在談?wù)撊藗冇捎趯?duì)工作沒有激情和興趣而找不到存在感，生活在巨大的焦慮之中的現(xiàn)實(shí)。所以C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)中毫不重要的一個(gè)小部分，盡管一切運(yùn)作正常”符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段的最后一句話‘Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.他們生活和死亡從來沒有面對(duì)過人類作為情感和智力獨(dú)立和有生產(chǎn)力的人存在的基本現(xiàn)實(shí)?！_定真正的原因是作為“情感與理智上獨(dú)立的、富有創(chuàng)造性的”個(gè)人被忽視。D選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A、B只是部分原因，不是真正的原因；C的意思與文章內(nèi)容相悖。

3.語義推測(cè)題。文章第三段開頭提到‘Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.生活在社會(huì)上層階級(jí)的人需要面對(duì)更為激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，因此面臨著更大的焦慮，同時(shí)也更沒有安全感‘。所以A和B選項(xiàng)排除。第三段最后一句提到“Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.一個(gè)人需要頻繁地去證實(shí)他不比其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者差或比他更好，這樣頻繁的焦慮和壓力正是人類抑郁和生病的原因?！?，所以C選項(xiàng)排除。所以正確答案為D。

4.語義理解題。文章最后一段作者提到了解決方法：Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.我建議把我們的社會(huì)制度從以最大限度的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)為目的的官僚主義管理的工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀藶楸镜墓I(yè)主義，在這種工業(yè)主義中，人和充分發(fā)揮他的潛力---即愛和理性的潛力---是一切社會(huì)安排的目標(biāo)。作者不贊同回到工業(yè)革命前的生產(chǎn)模式或是19世紀(jì)自由市場(chǎng)資本主義，所以A和B選項(xiàng)排除。作者贊同旨在激發(fā)人類愛和理智無限潛能的社會(huì)事業(yè)，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及，排除。

5.作者觀點(diǎn)題。作者提出了由于工業(yè)主義后在社會(huì)上產(chǎn)生的焦慮，但是文章最后一段，作者并不僅僅是表達(dá)對(duì)現(xiàn)狀的不滿意，而是以寬容的方式提出更好的建議來改善現(xiàn)狀。所以D選項(xiàng)“寬容”符合題意。A“贊同”和C“懷疑”都不符合文意，排除。B‘不滿’比較片面，排除。

6.單選題

Onmanyoccasions,wetendtointerprettheactionsofchildren（）ourownexperienceasanadult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.intermsof

D.inaccordancewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語。A選項(xiàng)forthesakeof“為了”；B選項(xiàng)onbehalfof“代表”；C選項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”；D選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“與……一致”。句意：在很多時(shí)候，我們傾向于依據(jù)自己作為一個(gè)成年人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來解釋孩子的行為。根據(jù)空格前后的句意關(guān)系，只有C選項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù)，在……方面”符合句意，其他選項(xiàng)意思不對(duì)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

ItisoneoftheironiesofWesternmanthathehasneverfelt______inventionasathreattohiswayoflife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anyconcernwith

B.anyconcernabout

C.anyconcernin

D.anyconcernat

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)concernwith“關(guān)心，掛念”；B選項(xiàng)concernabout“擔(dān)心”；C選項(xiàng)concernin“涉及；與……有關(guān)”；D選項(xiàng)concernat非固定搭配。句意：諷刺的是，西方人從來沒有______發(fā)明對(duì)他們生活方式構(gòu)成威脅。根據(jù)語境，concernabout“擔(dān)心”搭配threat“威脅”比較合理，意指西方人不會(huì)擔(dān)心發(fā)明給生活造成威脅，符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

MuchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuchasLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromaprescriptionserotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionofanerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacentpost-synaptic,ortargetneuron.Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.

EarlyinvestigatorscorrectlyreasonedthatthestructuralsimilaritytotheserotoninmoleculemightimplythatLSD’seffectsarebroughtaboutbyanactionontheneurotransmissionofserotonininthebrain.Unfortunately,theleveloftechnicalexpertiseinthefieldofbrainresearchwassuchthatthishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue(tissueoutsidethebrain).TwodifferentgroupsofscientistsreportedthatLSDpowerfullyblockadedserotonin’saction.Theirconclusionswerequicklychallenged,however.Wenowknowthattheactionofadrugatonesideinthebodydoesnotnecessarilycorrespondtothedrugactionatanotherside,especiallywhenonesiteisinthebrainandtheotherisnot.

Bythe1960's,technicaladvancespermittedthedirecttestingofthehypothesisthatLSDandrelatedhallucinogensactbydirectlysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneuronsthemselves-theso-calledprescriptionhypothesis.Researchersreasonedthatifthehallucinogenicdrugsactbysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneurons,thendrugsadministeredaftertheseneuronshadbeendestroyedshouldhavenoeffectonbehavior,becausethesystemwouldalreadybemaximallysuppressed.

Contrarytotheirexpectations,neurondestructionenhancedtheeffectofLSDandrelatedhallucinogensonbehavior.Thus,hallucinogenicdrugsapparentlydonotactdirectlyonserotonin-secretingneurons.

However,theseandotheravailabledatedosupportanalternativehypothesis,thatLSDandrelateddrugsactdirectlyatreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons(thepost-synaptichypothesis).ThefactthatLSDelicits"serotoninsyndrome-thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.TheenhancedeffectofLSDreportedafterserotonindepletioncouldbeduetoaproliferationofserotoninreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons.Thisphenomenonoftenfollowsneurondestructionorneurotransmitterdepletion;theincreaseinthenumberofreceptorsitesappearstobeacompensatoryresponsetodecreasedinput.Significantly,thishypothesisissupportedbydatefromanumbersofdifferentlaboratories.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisoneoftheprimaryfactorsthatledresearchersstudyinghallucinogenicdrugstofocusonserotonin?

2.Itcanbeinferredthatresearchersabandonedtheprescriptionhypothesisbecause（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theresearchdescribedinthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefines’'serotoninsyndrome"（underlined,asthetermisusedinthepassage?

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationoftheargumentthattheauthorofthepassagepresentsinthelasttwoparagraphs?

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardearlyresearchers’reasoningconcerningtheimplicationofsimilaritiesinthestructuresofserotoninandLSDmoleculescanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesuppressionoftheactivit3rofserotoninsecretingneuronsbytheadministrationofhallucinogens

B.Theobservedsimilaritiesinthechemicalstructuresofserotoninandhallucinogens

C.Theeffectstheadministrationofhallucinogenshasonserotoninproductioninthehumanbrain

D.Serotonin-inducedchangesintheeffectsofhallucinogensonbehavior

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anewandmoreattractivehypothesiswassuggested

B.noresearchwasreportedthatsupportedthehypothesis

C.researchresultsprovidedevidencetocounterthehypothesis

D.thehypothesiswassupportedonlybystudiesofanimalsandnotbystudiesofhumanbeings

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Researchhassuggestedthattheneurotransmitterserotoninisresponsiblefortheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsonthebrainandonbehavior.

B.Researchershavespentaninadequateamountoftimedevelopingtheoriesconcerningthewayinwhichtheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsoccur.

C.Researchresultsstronglysuggestthathallucinogenicdrugscreatetheireffectsbyactingontheserotoninreceptorsiteslocatedontargetneuronsinthebrain.

D.Researchershaverecentlymadevaluablediscoveriesconcerningtheeffectsofdepletingtheamountofserotonininthebrain.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.HowcanresearcherscontroltheeffectsthatLSDhasonbehavior?

B.Howareanimals’reactionstoLSDdifferentfromthoseofhumanbeing?

C.WhattriggerstheeffectsthatLSDhasonhumanbehavior?

D.WhattechnicaladvanceswouldpermitresearcherstopredictmoreaccuratelytheeffectsofLSDonbehavior?

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofserotonin,thatalsooccurswhenLSDisadministeredtoanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotonin

B.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofLSD,thatalsooccurswhentheamountofserotonininthebrainisreduced.

C.Themaximalsuppressionofneuronactivitythatresultsfromthedestructionofserotonin-secretingneurons

D.Thereleaseofstoresofserotoninfromserotonin-secretingneuronsinthebrain

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Twoapproachestotestingahypothesisaredescribed,andthegreatermeritsofoneapproachareindicated.

B.Theassumptionsunderlyingtwohypothesesareoutlined,andevidenceforandagainsteachhypothesisisdiscussed.

C.Aphenomenonisdescribed,andhypothesesconcerningitsoccurrenceareconsideredandrejected

D.Thereasoningbehindahypothesisissummarized,evidencesupportingthehypothesisispresented,andresearchthatcountersthesupportingevidenceisdescribed.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.completeagreement

B.reluctantsupport

C.subtlecondescension

D.irreverentdismissa

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

【解析】1.由題干中的單詞factor找到文章第一段：Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.這種強(qiáng)調(diào)有兩個(gè)主要原因。首先，人們很早就發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多主要致幻劑的分子結(jié)構(gòu)與血清素相似。此外，對(duì)服用迷幻藥后的腦神經(jīng)化學(xué)的動(dòng)物研究總是報(bào)告血清素水平的變化。確定B選項(xiàng)‘5-羥色胺和致幻劑化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的相似性‘正確。

2.文章第二段中Unfortunately和challenged為關(guān)鍵詞，具有轉(zhuǎn)折的意味。第二段中thishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue這一假設(shè)必須在周圍組織上進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,由此可知答案為C選項(xiàng)’研究結(jié)果為反駁這一假設(shè)提供了證據(jù)‘正確。

3.該題為主旨概括題。文章第一句開篇點(diǎn)題，講的是科學(xué)家對(duì)迷幻藥的研究，并將研究目標(biāo)集中于神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)血清素，并得出了迷幻藥對(duì)目標(biāo)神經(jīng)元的影響作用。所以C選項(xiàng)‘研究結(jié)果強(qiáng)烈表明，致幻藥物通過作用于位于大腦目標(biāo)神經(jīng)元上的血清素受體來產(chǎn)生效果。‘正確。

4.由上題可知，文章主要是描述迷幻藥對(duì)人的神經(jīng)元的影響作用。并且回答了是怎么對(duì)人的神經(jīng)產(chǎn)生影響的。選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)‘研究人員如何控制LSD對(duì)行為的影響?’文章沒有提及。文章是對(duì)動(dòng)物的實(shí)驗(yàn)，但并沒有對(duì)比人與動(dòng)物的區(qū)別，所以選項(xiàng)B‘動(dòng)物對(duì)LSD的反應(yīng)與人類有何不同?’排除。選項(xiàng)D‘什么技術(shù)進(jìn)步能讓研究人員更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)LSD對(duì)行為的影響?’文章沒有提到。所以排除法，選C。

5.該詞出現(xiàn)在最后一段，Thatis后是對(duì)該詞的解釋。thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.這與大腦血清素缺乏的動(dòng)物吸收血清素的行為相同，表明LSD直接作用于血清素受體，而不是通過釋放血清素來間接作用。所以確定A選項(xiàng)‘這一系列的行為，通常與給藥血清素有關(guān)，當(dāng)給大腦中血清素不足的動(dòng)物注射LSD時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)生‘正確。

6.最后兩段，作者提出相反的假設(shè)，以證據(jù)證明假設(shè)。所以D選項(xiàng)‘總結(jié)假設(shè)背后的推理，提出支持假設(shè)的證據(jù)，描述反駁支持證據(jù)的研究?！_。

7.題干提問作者的態(tài)度。A選項(xiàng)‘完全同意’；B選項(xiàng)‘不支持‘；C選項(xiàng)‘不予考慮的’；D選項(xiàng)‘無關(guān)緊要的‘。文中第二段作者對(duì)早期的以Unfortunately和challenged語氣進(jìn)行了否定，接著在下文中論述，從而得出真正的結(jié)果。所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

（

）onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgivehimasenseofinfinite.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifwalking

B.Walking

C.Whilewalking

D.Whenoneiswalking

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。此句中的主句的主語為mountains，所以邏輯主語和主句主語應(yīng)不同。故排除A、B、C三項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)正確。句意：當(dāng)一個(gè)人在晴朗的天氣散步時(shí)，遠(yuǎn)離城市喧囂，山脈會(huì)給他一種無限感。

10.單選題

Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(an)（）way.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris（）inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality

C.Enjoyableinperfomiance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife.

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ArtificialRelationships

B.HowtoFormIntimateRelationships

C.TheAffectionateMachine

D.HumansandComputers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:在交流上是生動(dòng)的,第一段指出:Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions(這個(gè)機(jī)械將不是被動(dòng)的參與者，而將會(huì)增加自己的建議、信息和意見),由此可知A項(xiàng)屬于理想伴侶機(jī)械的特點(diǎn)。B:在個(gè)性上有吸引力,由最后一段中“Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive...(這個(gè)電腦自己的個(gè)性將是充滿生氣且令人印象深刻……)可知B項(xiàng)屬于理想伴侶機(jī)械的特點(diǎn)。C:在表現(xiàn)上令人愉快,第一段指出:Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner(想的伴侶機(jī)械（即電腦）將不僅僅在外表、感覺和聲音上是友好的，且還會(huì)被編程去以令人愉快的方式來表現(xiàn)),因此C屬于理想伴侶機(jī)械的特點(diǎn)。D:在行為上無法預(yù)測(cè),由第一段中“yetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(但是這個(gè)機(jī)械（即電腦）也仍然稍微有些不可預(yù)測(cè))”可知D不符合原文所述。因此選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(這整個(gè)過程（即人與電腦之間友誼形成的過程）將會(huì)以一種微妙的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)，以便避免去給出一個(gè)將可能引起惱怒的過度親密的印象),因此D項(xiàng)“難以察覺的”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:能發(fā)起一段有趣的對(duì)話,第一段指出:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopic(它有時(shí)會(huì)主動(dòng)提出或改變互動(dòng)的活題),因此A項(xiàng)符合原文所述。B:受先前的交流影響,文章并未提及。C:準(zhǔn)備去了解人的生活,由第一段中“initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(在電腦首次與人進(jìn)行互動(dòng)時(shí)，它可能有些遲疑，但隨著對(duì)使用者的了解，在互動(dòng)吋它會(huì)變得更放松且親密)”可知C項(xiàng)符合原文所述。D:有一個(gè)令人喜歡且能隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的個(gè)性,最后一段指出:itwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(它會(huì)相應(yīng)使川者的性格來形成固己的性格。帶著如這些樣的性格，這個(gè)機(jī)械可能的確變成一個(gè)非常有吸引力的社會(huì)伙伴)。因此D符合原文所述。因此本題選B。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。從末段中“Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(因?yàn)檫@些特征,這個(gè)機(jī)械可能的確變成一個(gè)非常有吸引力的社會(huì)伙伴)”可以看出作者持贊成的態(tài)度。故選A。

5.主旨大意題。作者在第一段提出“有感情的機(jī)械”這個(gè)話題及隨后段落“闡述有感情的機(jī)械與人在友誼形成方式及這種人造友誼帶來的好處,因此C項(xiàng)“有感情的機(jī)械”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

11.單選題

Wehaveinvested（）80,000inthisprojectbuttillnowthereisnohopeforustogetapennyback.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsequently

B.unexpectedly

C.approximately

D.reluctantly

【答案】C

【解析】詞義辨析題。subsequently隨后；unexpectedly想不到的；approximately大約,

近乎；reluctantly不情愿地。句意：我們?cè)谶@個(gè)項(xiàng)目上投資了大約8萬美元,

但到目前為止,

我們還沒有希望收回一分錢。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Ourbiologicaluniquenessrequiresthattheeffectsofasubstancemustbeverifiedby（

）experiments,evenafterthousandsoftestsoftheeffectsofthatsubstanceonanimals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolutionary

B.human

C.random

D.replicated

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。evolutionary進(jìn)化的，發(fā)展的；human人類的；random任意的，胡亂的；replicated重復(fù)的。句意：我們生物的唯一性要求一種物質(zhì)的效用必須被人類實(shí)驗(yàn)所證明，甚至是在經(jīng)過對(duì)該物質(zhì)在動(dòng)物身上千萬次的試驗(yàn)以后。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Thegirl’s（）conditionwasduetothefactthatshecouldn’tfindaperfectdressforhomecoming.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moot

B.prestigious

C.abject

D.meretricious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)moot“無實(shí)際意義的；未決議的”；B選項(xiàng)prestigious“有名望的；享有聲望的”；C選項(xiàng)abject“卑鄙的；不幸的；可憐的；（境況）凄慘的”；D選項(xiàng)meretricious“俗氣的；華麗而庸俗的”。句意：這位女孩可憐的狀況是因她不能為校友返校節(jié)而找到一件完美的禮服。根據(jù)句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.

DaysafterdaysmymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.

Accountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.

Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether—honesty,kindness,andsoon—accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw—and,ultimately,nosociety.

Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople’sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.

Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:“Inthisfamilycertainthingarenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone!”

Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasgone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.

Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn’tprovideastablehome.

Idon’tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.

WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.

1.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat______