考研考博-英語-寧波諾丁漢大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧波諾丁漢大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Itisnotuncommonforthere______problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.being

B.wouldbe

C.be

D.tobe

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：年輕一代與老一代之間的交流存在問題，這種情況非常罕見。此處是therebe句型，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知此處并不缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，因而只能使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen（

）ofthecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appointedtopresident.

B.appointedpresident

C.appointedapresident

D.appointedthepresident

【答案】B

【解析】句意:格林先生最近升任公司董事長了。

語法題。考查冠詞。根據(jù)冠詞的語法規(guī)則,職位前不加冠詞。而且appoint是及物動(dòng)詞,后面直接接賓語president。故選B.

3.單選題

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don'thavesmallchildrenandgetalong（

）tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toowell

B.sowell

C.wellas

D.wellenough

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。toowell“太多；太好”，其在這里與空格后的to構(gòu)成toowelltodosth.“太好而不能做某事的搭配，這與句意不符；sowell“這么好；如此……以至”，需要后接to引導(dǎo)的不定式時(shí)，—般用sowellastodosth.“好的如此以至去做某事”；沒有wellas的短語，一般有aswellas“也；和…….一樣”的詞組；wellenough“很好，很健康，還可以，好到”，其在這里與空格后的to構(gòu)成wellenoughtodosth.“足夠去做某事”的短語。根據(jù)“tospendmostoftheirtimetogether度過他們的大部分時(shí)間”以及詞組確定句意是‘這種解決方案只適用于個(gè)體經(jīng)營、沒有小孩且能和睦相處地一起度過他們的大部分時(shí)間的夫妻?！訢選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

IamalwaysalittlepuzzledwhenIhearpeoplecomplainaboutthedifficultiesoffindingagoodjob.Youngpeopleintheir20sexpressdissatisfactionthatallthegoodjobshavebeentakenbythoseintheir40s.Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.Olderemployeesworryaboutbeingforcedoutofthejobmarketprematurelybyyoungerpeoplewillingtoworkatentry-levelwages.Itisnotaprettypicture.

ButIdonotbuyit.Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity—ifyouremembertoapplysomebasicprinciplesofself-marketing.MostofuslearnedfromMarketing101textbooksthattherearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.

Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.Introductionturnsintothegrowthphasewhentheathletegoesfrombeingapromisingperformertoanestablishedstar.That’swheneverybodywantsapieceoftheathlete’stimeandhemuststayfocusedonhisprimarytalentandnotgetdistractedbysideissues.

Foranathlete,thetoughestthingaboutthematurephasemaysimplyberecognizingthatheorsheisinit.Ifyou’remarketingabarofsoapitiseasytotelliftheproductismature.Itisthereinthestagnantorshrinkingsalesfigures.Itisdifferentwithathletes.Notonlydotheythinkthegrowthphasewillneverendbuttheyoftendenythatthereisanydecreaseintheirathleticskillsormarketability,nomatterwhatthenumberssay.

Thedeclinephaseforanathletemaysoundharsh,butitdoesn’thavetobeifheorshethinksofitasareflectivephase.Inthisphaseanathletecanhaveatremendousfutureasalegendaryfigurewhofunctionsasanambassadorforhisorhersport.Ifyousubstitute“employee”for“athlete”intheseexamples,thesefourphasesapplytoanyindividual’scareer.

Igenuinelybelievethatwheneverpeoplefaceacareercrisis,abigreasonisbecausetheyare“outofphase”.Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers.WiththemassivedownsizingofcorporateAmerica,therearetensofthousandsoftalentedmenandwomenovertheageof50whofeelshutoutofthework-place.Tome,thesepeopleareagoldmine—notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.Andsincemanyofthemreceivedgenerousearly-retirementpackages,moneyisnottheirsolemotivation.Inotherwords,theyareaffordable.

IfIweremarketingmyselfinthematurephase.I’dfocusonthesequalities.Wisdom,experienceandaffordabilitymakeupapotentpackage.Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.

1.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

2.Whoarecomplainingaboutthedifficultiesofgettingagoodjobatthetop?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichofthefourphasescananathletehaveatremendousappeal?

5.Theauthorthinkshighlyofolderemployeesbecause___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mostyoungpeoplecannotfindajobiftheydon’tstudythefourphasetheory.

B.Youngpeoplewithgoodjobshavestudiedthefourphasetheory.

C.Jobseekersshouldfullyunderstandthephasetheyarein.

D.Olderemployeeswillbeforcedoutofthejobmarketbytheyoung.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Youngpeoplehoppingfromjobtojob.

B.Peopleintheirforties.

C.Olderemployeeswiththelikelihoodofearlyretirement.

D.Peoplenotcompletingthefourphasesintheircareercycle.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Onegeneration’sambitionwillsoonerorlaterbecomeareality.

B.Findingagoodjobmainlydependsonone’sage.

C.Differencesbetweengenerationsaremoreofanopportunitythanaproblem.

D.Themarketabilityofaproductcanbecomparedtothatofanathlete.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Introductionphase

B.Growthphase

C.Maturephase

D.Declinephase

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyaregoodatmarketingthemselves

B.theyareobedientandcanbeeasilycontrolled

C.theypossessbetterqualitiesinthegrowthphase

D.theyhavemorewisdom,experienceandaffordability

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段最后一句Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.（但除非你首先認(rèn)識(shí)到并充分欣賞你所處的階段，否則你無法做到這一點(diǎn)）可知選C選項(xiàng)“求職者應(yīng)該充分了解他們所處的階段”；A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)年輕人如果不學(xué)習(xí)四階段理論就找不到工作”，B選項(xiàng)“有好工作的年輕人學(xué)習(xí)過四階段理論”以及D選項(xiàng)“年長的雇員將被年輕人逼出就業(yè)市場”未在原文提及。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“atthetop”定位到原文第一段Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.（40多歲的人被困在勞動(dòng)力的中間階層，他們抱怨要等前輩為他們上層騰出空間）可知選B選項(xiàng)“40多歲的人”；A選項(xiàng)“年輕人經(jīng)常換工作”，C選項(xiàng)“年齡較大的員工有可能提前退休”以及D選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)谒麄兊穆殬I(yè)周期中沒有完成四個(gè)階段”和原文不符。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity（在我看來，兩代人之間的差異不是一個(gè)問題，而是一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)）可知選C選項(xiàng)“兩代人之間的差異與其說是一個(gè)問題，不如說是一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)”；A選項(xiàng)“一代人的抱負(fù)遲早會(huì)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)”，B選項(xiàng)“找到好工作主要取決于年齡”原文未提及；根據(jù)原文therearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.（產(chǎn)品或品牌的生命周期有四個(gè)階段。名字可能不同，但基本上這四個(gè)階段是入門，成長，成熟和衰退。作為一名管理知名運(yùn)動(dòng)員30多年的經(jīng)理，我知道這四個(gè)階段肯定適用于運(yùn)動(dòng)員的職業(yè)生涯和市場價(jià)值）可知原文并沒有提到產(chǎn)品的市場性，D選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的市場性可以與運(yùn)動(dòng)員的市場性相比較”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段第一句Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.（一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的入門或啟動(dòng)階段是指他或她開始比賽，表現(xiàn)出色，并在這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中吸引人們的注意力）可知選A選項(xiàng)“入門階段”；B“增長階段”，C選項(xiàng)“成熟階段”，D選項(xiàng)“衰退期”沒有提到吸引力這一項(xiàng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“olderemployees”定位到原文倒數(shù)第二端Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers…notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.（我一直大力提倡招聘年長員工……不是因?yàn)樗麄兛梢缘玫?，而是因?yàn)樗麄儞碛袉T工在入門和成長階段所缺乏的品質(zhì)，即智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)）可知選D選項(xiàng)“他們有更多的智慧，經(jīng)驗(yàn)和負(fù)擔(dān)能力”，同時(shí)可知C選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)谏L階段擁有更好的品質(zhì)”和原文不符；A選項(xiàng)“他們善于推銷自己”，B選項(xiàng)“他們很聽話，很容易控制”未提及。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16-17hours’wakefulness.Broadlyspeaking,thesleephoursnormally（）withthehoursofdarkness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.coincide

C.collide

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。conformwith符合，與...一致；coincidewith符合，與...一致（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間上的一致性）；collidewith沖突；complywith遵守。句意：人類正常的日?；顒?dòng)周期是7-8小時(shí)的睡眠和16-17小時(shí)的清醒交替進(jìn)行。廣義上說，睡眠時(shí)間通常與黑暗的時(shí)間相一致。選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.單選題

Anabstractis（

）

formofanacademicarticle.Manyjournalspublishabstractssoreaderscandecideifitisworthwhiletoreadthefullversionofthearticle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concise

B.comprehensive

C.concrete

D.conceptual

【答案】A

【解析】concise簡明的，簡潔的；comprehensive綜合的，廣泛的；concrete具體的，有形的；conceptual概念上的。句意：摘要是學(xué)術(shù)文章的簡潔形式。許多學(xué)術(shù)期刊會(huì)刊登摘要，以便讀者決定是否值得閱讀全文。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Anotherbigissue（）thenationistheproblemoftheeducationofitscitizens.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confining

B.confirming

C.conforming

D.confronting

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。confine限制，局限；confirm確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn)；conform符合，遵守；confront面臨，遭遇。句意：這個(gè)國家面臨的另一大問題是公民的教育問題。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe____concernofstategovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinct

B.excluding

C.excessive

D.exclusive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)extinct“滅絕的”；B選項(xiàng)excluding“不包括”；C選項(xiàng)excessive“過多的，極度的”；D選項(xiàng)exclusive“獨(dú)有的；排外的”。句意：一般來說，完全在州界內(nèi)的事務(wù)是州政府的____關(guān)注。本句要表達(dá)的是，州界內(nèi)的事務(wù)是州政府應(yīng)該關(guān)注的事，D選項(xiàng)exclusive“獨(dú)有的；排外的”最符合句意。B選項(xiàng)excluding是介詞，原文缺少一個(gè)形容詞，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

9.單選題

Her30-yearstudyoftheGombeNationalParkchimpanzeesisthelargestcontinuousfieldprojecteverrecorded.Ithasmadeher—andthechimpanzees—aliving______,earningherhonorarydegrees,doctoratesandwildlifeconservationawardsallovertheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legend

B.specimen

C.maximum

D.document

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)legend“傳奇”；B選項(xiàng)specimen“樣本”；C選項(xiàng)maximum“最大限度”；D選項(xiàng)document“文件”。句意：她花了30年研究貢貝國家公園里的黑猩猩，是有記錄以來規(guī)模最大的連續(xù)野外研究項(xiàng)目。這讓她和黑猩猩們成為活生生的______，并獲得了世界各地的榮譽(yù)學(xué)位、博士學(xué)位和野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)獎(jiǎng)。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是有記錄以來規(guī)模最大的連續(xù)野外研究項(xiàng)目，超出了人們的想象，A選項(xiàng)legend“傳奇”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Everybodyknowsthattheearthisspherical,______?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.doesn’the

B.doesn’tshe

C.don’tthey

D.doesn’tit

【答案】C

【解析】考查反義疑問句。句意：每個(gè)人都知道地球是球形的，不是嗎？當(dāng)陳述句的主語是everybody時(shí)，反義疑問句的主語用they。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Georgewas（）frommilitaryservicewhilehewasstillinschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.exempted

D.stopped

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prevented“阻止；避免”；B選項(xiàng)restrained“抑制；約束”；C選項(xiàng)exempted“免除；豁免”；D選項(xiàng)stopped“停止；終止”。句意：喬治還在學(xué)校的時(shí)候就被……服兵役。militaryservice“兵役”，服兵役是一項(xiàng)責(zé)任。exempt做形容詞有被免除責(zé)任和義務(wù)的意思，而且exemptsb.fromsth.為固定搭配，意為“免除某人某事”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Scientistsarehopingtoeliminatemalaria（瘧疾）bydevelopingageneticallymodifiedmosquitothatcannottransmitthedisease.MalariahaslongtroubledthepopulationsofSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsia,wheremosquitobitesinfectupto500millionpeopleayearwiththisseriousandsometimesfatalparasiticblooddisease.Forgenerations,scientistshavebeentryingtoeliminatemalariabydevelopingnewdrugsandusingpesticide（殺蟲劑）towipeoutlocalmosquitopopulations.Butthesemeasuresaren’tworking—andsomescientist,likeGregLanzaro,saythatbecauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago.Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease.

Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears.“Wecangetforeignintomosquitoesandtheygowherethey’resupposedtogo,”Lanzarosays,pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice.Andhesays,scientistsarequicklymakingprogressongenesthatblocktransmissionofthediseasetohumansaswell.

Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations.Afterall,hepointsout;it’suselesstoengineermosquitoesinthelabthatcan’ttransmitmalariawhentherearemillionsoutinthewildthatcan.Tosolvethisproblem,LanzarowantstoloadupamobilepieceofDMAwiththemalaria-resistantgene,andtheninsertitintoagroupofmosquitoembryos.Themalaria-resistantgenewouldbeintegrateddirectlyintothemosquitoes’DNA,makingitimpossibleforthosemosquitoestotransmittheparasitethatcausesmalaria.Inthiswayasmallgroupoflab-raisedmosquitoescouldbereleasedintothewild,andbyinterbreedingwithwildmosquitoes,eventuallytransmitthebeneficialgenetotheentirepopulation.

61.Onereasonformalariatobemorewidespreadnowisthat（）.

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

62.Lanzaroishopefulthatinafewyearmancan（）.

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

63.Lanzaroisconfidentthatscientistcanblockthetransmissionsofmalariatohumansbecause（）.

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

64.WhatisthemostdifficultpartofLanzaro’sproject?

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

65.Accordingtothepassage,afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalariaisto（）.

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由malariatobemorewidespread定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句“…becauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago”，由于耐藥性和人口變化，瘧疾現(xiàn)在實(shí)際上比20年前更流行。由此可知，瘧疾的流行與其耐藥性有關(guān)。A選項(xiàng)“morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas”，意為“更多的人搬到瘧疾感染地區(qū)”，這是瘧疾變得更流行后的結(jié)果，它導(dǎo)致了更多的人住在瘧疾感染地區(qū)；B選項(xiàng)“mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides”意為“蚊子已對(duì)殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了抗藥性”，蚊子就是瘧疾的傳播者，蚊子對(duì)殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生耐藥性，所以瘧疾傳播得更廣；C選項(xiàng)“geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease”意為“轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子仍然傳播這種疾病”，原文中科學(xué)家們?cè)噲D通過轉(zhuǎn)基因的蚊子來消滅瘧疾，這些轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子是不能傳播疾病的；D選項(xiàng)“mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear”意為“蚊子每年叮咬多達(dá)5億人”，這是現(xiàn)狀不是導(dǎo)致的原因。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第一句“Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears”，蘭薩羅和他的同事們正在計(jì)劃一個(gè)長期的項(xiàng)目來制造抗瘧疾的蚊子，他認(rèn)為他們可以在5年內(nèi)做到。由此可知，蘭薩羅正計(jì)劃消滅瘧疾。A選項(xiàng)“starttoeliminatemalaria”，意為“開始消滅瘧疾”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“cureparasiticblooddiseases”意為“治療寄生蟲性血液病”，與原文不符，蘭薩羅不是治療疾病而是尋找消滅瘧疾的辦法；C選項(xiàng)“preventmicefromtransmittingparasites”意為“防止老鼠傳播寄生蟲”，與原文不符，原文中是蚊子不會(huì)傳播寄生蟲給老鼠；D選項(xiàng)“acquireimmunityagainstmalaria”意為“獲得抗瘧疾免疫力”，原文并未提及抗瘧疾免疫力。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第二句“…pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice”，他指出，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)成功地對(duì)蚊子進(jìn)行了基因改造，使它們不會(huì)將瘧疾傳播給鳥類和老鼠。由此可知，科學(xué)家在鳥類和老鼠身上已經(jīng)取得了成功，蚊子不會(huì)傳播寄生蟲到它們身上。A選項(xiàng)“naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange”，意為“蚊子的自然數(shù)量不會(huì)改變”，原文未提及蚊子數(shù)量的變化；B選項(xiàng)“scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice”意為“科學(xué)家已經(jīng)在鳥類和老鼠身上取得了成功”，與原文相符；C選項(xiàng)“foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired”意為“外來基因總是去需要它們的地方”，與原文不符，原文是讓外來基因進(jìn)入蚊子體內(nèi)；D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs”意為“實(shí)驗(yàn)室飼養(yǎng)的蚊子不會(huì)對(duì)藥物產(chǎn)生抗藥性”，原文并未提及實(shí)驗(yàn)室蚊子的抗藥性。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由mostdifficultpart定位到文章第三段第一句“Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations”，蘭薩羅說，科學(xué)上最困難的部分是弄清楚如何讓實(shí)驗(yàn)室改造的蚊子將它們的基因傳播到自然種群中。由此可知，將抗瘧疾基因傳播到蚊子的自然種群中是蘭薩羅面對(duì)的難題。A選項(xiàng)“Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations”，意為“將抗瘧疾基因傳播到天然蚊子種群中”，與原文相符；B選項(xiàng)“Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes”意為“培育抗瘧疾的蚊子”，原文中實(shí)驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)培育出抗瘧疾的蚊子；C選項(xiàng)“Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria”意為“制造阻止瘧疾傳播的基因”，與原文不符，原文中實(shí)驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)能制造抗瘧疾的基因；D選項(xiàng)“Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes”意為“識(shí)別抗瘧疾基因”，原文中實(shí)驗(yàn)室可以將抗瘧疾基因插入蚊子胚胎，說明識(shí)別抗瘧疾基因不是難題。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:判斷推理題。由afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalaria定位到文章第一段最后一句“Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease”，蘭薩羅說，他有一個(gè)更好的方法來阻止瘧疾的傳播：對(duì)蚊子進(jìn)行基因改造，使它們無法攜帶這種疾病。由此可知，改變蚊子的基因，使它們攜帶抗瘧疾基因是阻止瘧疾傳播的有效辦法。C選項(xiàng)“changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes”意為“改變蚊子的基因組成”與原文相符。A選項(xiàng)“developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs”，意為“開發(fā)新的抗瘧疾藥物”，B選項(xiàng)“produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes”意為“生產(chǎn)有效的殺蟲劑殺死蚊子”和D選項(xiàng)“removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas”意為“將人移出瘧疾感染地區(qū)”，這三種辦法原文均沒有提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Thegoals（）hehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.afterwhich

B.withwhich

C.forwhich

D.atwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。這是一個(gè)介詞+代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，fought的原型的fight，和不同的介詞搭配，fightafter“在……之后戰(zhàn)斗”；fightwith“與……一起戰(zhàn)斗”；fightfor“為……而戰(zhàn)，而奮斗”。句意：他為之奮斗終生的目標(biāo)對(duì)他不再重要了。forwhichhehadfought做goals的定語，將fightfor搭配中的for放在which之前。因此，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.SirHumphreyGilbertwasthefirstEnglishmantosendcoloniststotheNewWorld.Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabethwasdefeatedbytheSpanish.Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent,sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.UnderRaleigh’sdirectioneffortswerethenmadetoestablishacolonyonRoanokeIslandin1585and1587.ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.ThefailureoftheGilbertandRaleighventuresmadeitclearthatthetaskstheyhadundertakenweretoobigforanyonecolonizer.Withinashorttimethetradingcompanyhadsupplantedtheindividualpromoterofcolonization.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.ThepassagestateswhichofthefollowingaboutthefirstEnglishpeopletobeinvolvedinestablishingcoloniesinNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSirHumphreyGilbertistrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutmembersofthefirstRoanokesettlement?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondsettlementonRoanokeIslandistrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheRegulationofTradingCompanies.

B.British-SpanishRivalryintheNewWorld.

C.EarlyAttemptsatColonizingNorthAmerica.

D.RoyalPatentsIssuedinthe16thCentury.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheywererequestedtodosobyQueenElizabeth.

B.Theyweremembersoflargetradingcompanies.

C.Theywereimmediatelysuccessful.

D.Theywereactingontheirown.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.HeneversettledinNorthAmerica.

B.Histradingcompanywasgivenapatentbythequeen.

C.HefoughttheSpanishtwice.

D.Hediedin1587.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyexploredtheentirecoastalregion.

B.Somedidnotsurvive.

C.Theynamedthearea“Virginia”.

D.Mostwerenotexperiencedsailors.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ItssettlersallgaveupandreturnedtoEngland.

B.Itlastedforseveralyears.

C.Thefateofitsinhabitantsisunknown.

D.ItwasconqueredbytheSpanish.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。整個(gè)文章從吉爾伯特第一次嘗試殖民北美到最后英國成功殖民北美的過程，所以C選項(xiàng)“殖民北美的早期嘗試”正確。A選項(xiàng)“貿(mào)易公司的管理”和B選項(xiàng)“英國和西班牙在新世界的競爭”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“皇家專利頒發(fā)于16世紀(jì)”錯(cuò)誤，這個(gè)是伊麗莎白女王允許吉爾伯特到北美的專利。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一句ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.（英國第一次殖民北美的嘗試是由個(gè)人而不是公司控制的。），可知他們自己決定怎樣行動(dòng)，D選項(xiàng)“他們自主行動(dòng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“伊麗莎白女王要求他們這樣做”：根據(jù)第三句Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabeth（他的第一次遠(yuǎn)征是在1578年，并獲得了伊麗莎白女王授予的專利權(quán)），可知不是伊麗莎白女王要求的，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們是大型貿(mào)易公司的成員”文中沒有提到。C選項(xiàng)“他們很快就成功了”：在1578年和1583年分別進(jìn)行了兩次嘗試，都失敗了，可知進(jìn)展不順利，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三句Hisinitialexpedition…wasdefeatedbytheSpanish.（他的第一次遠(yuǎn)征……被西班牙擊退。），和第四句Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.（第二次嘗試于1583年以災(zāi)難告終，當(dāng)時(shí)吉爾伯特和他的船在一場風(fēng)暴中喪生。），可知只有一次和西班牙交戰(zhàn)，而非兩次，吉爾伯特死于1583年，故C選項(xiàng)“他和西班牙人打了兩次仗”和D選項(xiàng)“他死于1587年”錯(cuò)誤；吉爾伯特兩次以失敗告終，沒有到達(dá)北美，A選項(xiàng)“他從未在北美定居”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“他的貿(mào)易公司被女王授予了專利權(quán)”：根據(jù)第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent（第二年，吉爾伯特同父異母的兄弟沃特?羅利爵士獲得了專利的續(xù)期。），可知是個(gè)人而非公司得到專利權(quán)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586（在羅阿諾克建立第一個(gè)殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英國），可知B選項(xiàng)“一些人沒有存活下來”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們探索了整個(gè)沿海地區(qū)”和C選項(xiàng)“他們把這個(gè)地區(qū)命名為弗吉尼亞”：根據(jù)文章第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh…sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.（第二年，吉爾伯特同父異母的兄弟沃特?羅利爵士……贊助了一次探險(xiǎn)，探索他稱之為“弗吉尼亞”的地區(qū)的海岸。），可知弗吉尼亞是沃特?羅利叫的，而不是大家這么叫，也沒有探索整個(gè)沿海地區(qū)。不符合文章內(nèi)容。和D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人都沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)”文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.語義推測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.（在羅阿諾克建立第一個(gè)殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英國，但第二批殖民者消失得無影無蹤。），可知第一批殖民者回到英國，第二批殖民者不知道具體情況，C選項(xiàng)“在那里的居民命運(yùn)未知”正確，A選項(xiàng)“在那里的定居者都放棄了，回到了英國”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“持續(xù)了好幾年”和D選項(xiàng)“被西班牙人征服”文中沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Ingeneral，matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe（）concernofstategov-ernments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinct

B.excluding

C.excessive

D.exclusive

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:—般來說，國家邊境問題是政府（）關(guān)心的問題。

extinct滅絕的；excluding除…外，不包括;excessive過度的，過分的;exclusive獨(dú)有的，專一的。D項(xiàng)exclusive獨(dú)有的，專一的符合句意，在這里表示“專門的,特別的”。

16.單選題

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscase,becausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。testify“作證;證明”;charge“充電；控告”；accuse“控告;指控”；rectify“改正”。句意：我是唯一能在該案件中作證的人，因?yàn)槠渌C人都被神秘殺害了。由后半句內(nèi)容以及witnesses“證人”知A項(xiàng)“作證”正確。

17.單選題

Whensheenteredtheroom,thesmellofherperfumeimmediately（）theroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distributed

B.penetrated

C.pervaded

D.perished

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。distribute“分配,散布”;penetrate“滲透,穿透”;pervade“遍及,彌漫”;perish“使麻木,毀壞”。句意:當(dāng)她走進(jìn)房間,她身上的香水味立刻彌漫了整個(gè)房間。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.單選題

Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincethe