2020 年北京市海淀區(qū)高三一模 英語試卷(帶答案)

2020年北京市海淀區(qū)高三一模英語考試逐題解析第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，545分)第一節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AAt8,Istartedtakingartlessons(1)(improve)mypaintingskills.However,later,IfoundthatIfocusedtoomuchonmasteringdifferenttechniques.Eventually,Ibecamemoredistressedwhenmyexpectationsweren'tmatched.So,inthe11thGrade,Ireturnedtothebasics.On(2)sketchbookIforcedmyselftodrawwhateverinterestedme.Overtime,Ihavebeenreleasedfromthetightcontrol.Ihavelearnedthatagoodpaintingisnotabouthavingperfecttechnique.Infact,allIneedtodoistrustmy(3)(create)talentsandfindmomentsofjoyinlife.1.【答案】toimprove【解析】本題考查非謂語做狀語；提示詞improve為動詞，句子中，前面的代詞I與名詞lessons，都不能充當improve的主語，所以improve需要做非謂語。按照三步式解題：1)其邏輯主語是I；2)improve與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系；3)且improve動作發(fā)生在starttaking之后，故使用不定式。在句子中充當目的狀語。翻譯為“在8歲時，我開始學習藝術(shù)課程，去改進我的繪畫技能?！惫收_答案是toimprove。2.【答案】a【解析】本題考查冠詞；本題無提示詞，且位置是在介詞后名詞前，考慮冠詞。冠詞分為泛指和特指，由于本題前面沒有出現(xiàn)過sketchbook,可以使用冠詞a,句意為“我強迫自己在速寫本上畫任何讓我感興趣的東西”，故正確答案是a。3.【答案】creative【解析】本題考查詞性變換；本題提示詞為create，是動詞。在句子中處于形容詞性物主代詞my和名詞talents之間，需要充當定語。creativetalents則是“創(chuàng)造才能”。結(jié)合本句中，翻譯為“實際上，我所需要去做的就是相信我的創(chuàng)造能力和找到生命中的歡樂”，故正確答案是creative。BInrecentyears,trampolining（蹦床）hasbecomeanewcrazeamongChineseyouths.Shortvideos（4）（show）people'sexcitementaboutjumpingbackandforthonthecolorfultrampolinesareregularlyuploadedtosocialmedia.Mostvideosfeatureteenagers,butadultstoohavejumpedonthetrend,hopingtorelivetheirchildhood.Comparedwithsoccer,basketball,tennisoranyothercompetitivesports,（5）variousinjuriesoccurfromtimetotime,trampoliningisrelatively（6）（safe）.However,preparationandsafetyalwayscomefirst.Youmustdowarm-upexercisesbeforeplayingandyoucan'tloseconcentrationduringthemovements.4.【答案】showing【解析】本題考查非謂語做后置定語；提示詞show為動詞，需要考慮做謂語或者非謂語。將這句子中的謂語動詞找出來，后面有一個areuploaded，然后匹配主語?？梢钥吹角懊娴膃xcitement（動詞賓語），jumping（介賓），trampolines（介賓），都不能充當其主語。又因為這個謂語動詞是被動，結(jié)合其詞意，只能判定其主語是shortvideos。所以提示詞show，只能充當非謂語。使用三步式解題：1）其邏輯主語是shortvideos；2）show一般做“顯示”詞意時，用主動；3）而和主句的謂語動詞uploaded比較，不能在其之后，所以選擇使用showing做后置定語。翻譯為“那些顯示人們在彩色蹦床上蹦來蹦去獲得歡樂的短視頻，被頻繁上傳到社交媒體上。”故正確答案是showing。5.【答案】where【解析】本題考查定語從句；空格處無提示詞，并且后面是一個句子，考慮是從句。因為前面是非謂語做狀語，并且存在一系列名詞可以充當先行詞，如soccer，basketball，tennis，anyothercompetitivesports,本空格所在句子是完整的（主謂），需要填寫的是狀語部分。所以填寫where，等同于inwhich，翻譯為“在這些運動中，各種各樣的傷害時不時發(fā)生”。故正確答案是where。6.【答案】safer【解析】本題考查形容詞；提示詞safe為形容詞，位置處于is后，考慮詞性為形容詞，且有relatively修飾，詞意為“相對地”，所以，使用比較級。翻譯為“蹦床相對安全”，故正確答案是safer。CAnewreportshowsthatChina'surbanpetconsumermarket(7)(expect)tobreakthroughthe200billionyuanthresholdthisyear.Youngpeopleinbigcitiesarethemaincontributors.Nowadays,withthecostoflivingrising,youngpeople(8)(suffer)fromgreaterlonelinessandpressure.Theyarebusyworkingalldayinacompetitiveenvironment,leavinglittletimeforfunandfriends.Thatmayexplain(9)moreandmoreyoungpeoplearechoosingtokeeppets(10)companionship.Apartfromrelievingloneliness,manyscientificstudieshaveshownthatkeepingapetreducesstressandmayevenimproveoverallhealth.7.【答案】isexpected【解析】本題考查謂語動詞；提示詞expect為動詞，考慮謂語動詞或者非謂語動詞，由于前面China'surbanpetconsumermarket，可以充當expect的主語，所以判定expect做謂語。另外，expect這個詞，beexpectedto意為“預料；預計”，翻譯為“中國城市寵物消費市場預計今年將突破2000億門檻?！惫收_答案是isexpected。8.【答案】aresuffering【解析】本題考查謂語動詞；提示詞suffer是動詞，且句中沒有謂語動詞,所以判定suffer做謂語。本句有自己的時間提示詞nowadays，判定時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時，且根據(jù)句意確定為現(xiàn)在進行時；語態(tài)為主動；主語為youngpeople復數(shù)(可以結(jié)合下句they判定)。故正確答案是aresuffering。9.【答案】why【解析】本題考查名從；空格處無提示詞?？崭裉幨且粋€句子，且處于mayexplain后，所以判定為賓語從句。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，且根據(jù)句意“那可以解釋(為什么)越來越多的年輕人選擇寵物做伴”。故正確答案是why。10.【答案】for【解析】本題考查介詞；空格處無提示詞，位置處于名詞pets和companionship之間。只能考慮連詞或者介詞。根據(jù)句意“養(yǎng)寵物做伴”。故正確答案是for。第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Iwas11whenIaskedmymumforpianolessons.Wewereinaneconomiccrisisandshe'drecentlybeen(11)off.Shesaidapolite“no”.Thatdidn't(12)me.Idrewakeyboardontoapieceofpaperandstuckitonmydesk.Iwould(13)notesonanonlinekeyboardand“play”thembackonmypaperone—keepingthesoundtheymadeonthecomputerinmyhead.Ispentsixmonthsplayingwithout(14)arealpiano.AsmymumfoundIwas(15)aboutit,sheboughtme10lessonswithborrowedmoney.Istillrememberthefirstone.Iwas(16)byhoworganicthesoundofthepianowas,asIhadbecomefamiliarwiththe(17)electronicsound.TheteacherwastryingtoexplainwheremiddleCwas,butIcould(18)playallthemajorandminorscales.I(19)mygradeoneaftereightlessonsandgotdistinction.BythetimeIstartedsecondaryschool,wecouldn't(20)lessonsagain,soIreturnedtomypaperkeyboard.Ipassedgradethree,thengradefive,practisingonlyonmypieceofpaper.Forthegradesabovethat,there'san(21)thatyouaddacertainsensitivityintoyourplaying.ThemusicteacheratmyschoolsaidIcouldpractiseontheschool'sgrandpiano.Iwouldwakeupat5:30amtogetthereintimeandplayuntillessonsstarted.I'd(22)lunchandthenpractiseafterschooluntilthecaretakerkickedmeout.Athome,I'dhavedinner,dothreehoursofrevision,andthen(23)practiceuntil1:00am.Myschooldidn'toffermusicA-level.IfoundthePurcellSchoolforyoungmusicians.Theaudition(試鏡)wasextremely(24),andIfeltoverwhelmed.Tomyamazement,Iwasoffereda(25).IhadbeentoldIhadstartedplayingtoo(26)toreachconservatoire(音樂學院)level,butwhenIleftPurcell,Iwasawardedtheseniorpianoprize.ThatwasthepointwhenIrealizedIwasn'tbehindeveryoneelse.IamnowattheGuildhallSchoolinLondon,whereIwasofferedascholarship.Ifeel(27):It'sbeen10yearssinceIdrewmypaperpianoandI'matoneoftheworld's(28)conservatoires.TheironyisthatIcontinuetodoalotofmypracticeawayfromthepiano—whatwecallmentalpractice.It(29)keyareasofthemindthatarelessreadilyaccessedbypianoplayingalone.Thepaperpianohelpedstimulatemy(30)abouthowmusicworks.A.laidB.pushedC.droppedD.knockedA.annoyB.botherC.embarrassD.discourageA.takeB.signC.clickD.composeA.seeingB.touchingC.enjoyingD.choosingA.seriousB.carefulC.hesitantD.nervousA.struckB.puzzledC.comfortedD.inspiredA.naturalB.artificialC.practicalD.magicalA.onlyB.stillC.hardlyD.alreadyA.satB.joinedC.failedD.repeatedA.offerB.teachC.affordD.observeA.attitudeB.expectationC.opinionD.opportunityA.avoidB.missC.saveD.skipA.socialB.mentalC.mechanicalD.physicalA.fascinatingB.motivatingC.frighteningD.challengingA.courseB.rewardC.placeD.certificateA.soonB.lateC.hurriedlyD.suddenlyA.proudB.luckyC.ambitiousD.gratefulA.grandB.strictC.leadingD.expensiveA.buildsB.coversC.definesD.unlocksA.predictionB.memoryC.curiosityD.imagination11.【答案】A【解析】本題是動詞題；根據(jù)前文中“economiccrisis”可知作者家中經(jīng)濟困難，媽媽近期被解雇（layoff）。其余選項含義為：pushoff（推遲，離開），dropoff（減少），knockoff（擊倒）；故正確答案是A。12.【答案】D【解析】本題是動詞題；根據(jù)后一句"Idrewakeyontoapiecesofpaperandstuckitonmydesk”，可知作者并沒有氣餒（discourage）。其余選項含義為：annoy（惹惱，惹怒），bother（打擾，煩擾），embarrass（使尷尬）；故正確答案是D。13.【答案】C【解析】本題是動詞題；根據(jù)句意動賓搭配可知作者點擊（click）音符。其余選項含義為：take（帶來），sign（簽署），compose（作曲）；故正確答案是C。14.【答案】B【解析】本題是動詞題；由于前文"playthembackonmypaperone”可知我這六個月沒有觸碰（touching）—個真正的鋼琴。其余選項含義為：seeing（看到），enjoying（享受），choosing（選擇）；故正確答案是B。15.【答案】A【解析】本題是形容詞題；根據(jù)前文"Ispentsixmonthsplayingwithouttouchingarealpiano"以及后文"sheboughtme10lessonswithborrowedmoney"可知媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)我對彈鋼琴是很認真的（serious）。其余選項含義為：careful（仔細的），hesitant（猶豫的），nervous（緊張的）；故正確答案是A。16.【答案】A【解析】本題是動詞題；根據(jù)句意可知我仍然記得第一次彈鋼琴時，我被鋼琴聲所打動（struck）。其余選項含義為：puzzled（使困惑），comforted（安慰，安撫），inspired（激發(fā)，鼓舞）；故正確答案是A。17.【答案】B【解析】本題是形容詞題；根據(jù)前文“Idrewakeyboardontoapieceofpaper”和“and“play"thembackonmypaperone"可知之前我彈的琴都是偽造的（artificial）音樂聲。其余選項含義為：natural（自然的），practical（實際的），magical（有魔力的）；故正確答案是B。18.【答案】D【解析】本題是副詞題；根據(jù)句意可知老師一直嘗試給我解釋C大調(diào)在哪里，但是我已經(jīng)（already）可以演奏所有的大調(diào)和小調(diào)了。其余選項含義為：only（僅僅），still（仍然），hardly（幾乎不）；故正確答案是D。19.【答案】A【解析】本題是動詞題；根據(jù)句意可知，根據(jù)句意可知，我參加一級考試，sit可有參加考試之意。其余選項含義為:join（參加），faild（失?。?repeated（重復）；故正確答案是A。20.【答案】C【解析】本題是動詞題；根據(jù)后文“Ireturnedtomypaperkeyboard"可知我們無法再一次支付得起（afford）課程了。其余選項含義為：offer（提供），teach（教授），observe（觀察）；故正確答案是C。21.【答案】B【解析】本題是名詞題；根據(jù)上文，我通過paperpiano逐漸取得了成功，上一段最后一句中關(guān)鍵詞“only",表明我想練習真正的鋼琴。根據(jù)本句，期望在演湊中加入敏感性或者理解，選擇expectation。其余選項含義為：attitude（態(tài)度），opportunity（機會），opinion（觀點）；故正確答案是B。22.【答案】D【解析】本題是動詞題；文章句意的理解，我跳過午飯，然后去練習直到看門的人讓我出去。所以選擇skip。其余選項含義為：avoid（避免），miss（錯過），save（節(jié)?。?；故正確答案是D。23.【答案】B【解析】本題是形容詞題，根據(jù)上文，我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到了家里，沒有鋼琴，所以選擇mentai。其余選項含義為：social（社會的），mechanical（機械的），physical（物理的，身體的）；故正確答案是B。24.【答案】D【解析】本題是形容詞題；根據(jù)下句“andIfeltoverwhelmed."可知，我的感覺是不知所措的，不堪重負的，所以選challenging。其余選項含義為：fascinating（迷人的），motivating（鼓舞的）,frighting（令人恐懼的）；故正確答案是D。25.【答案】C【解析】本題是名詞題；根據(jù)本句"Tomyamazement”,說明與前文轉(zhuǎn)折，Iwasofferedaplace，表示我被錄取了。其余選項含義為：course（課程），reward（回報，報酬），certificate（證書）；故正確答案是C。26.【答案】B【解析】本題是副詞題；根據(jù)前文，我是11歲才開始學習鋼琴，比較晚，所以選擇late。其余選項含義為：soon（快地），hurriedly（匆忙地），suddenly（突然地）；故正確答案是B。27.【答案】A【解析】本題是形容詞題；根據(jù)上文，我收到了獎學金，根據(jù)下文，我現(xiàn)在處于世界頂級音樂學院，表明作者對此事的滿意和驕傲，選proud，其余選項含義為:lucky（幸運的），ambitious（有雄心的），grateful（感謝的）；故正確答案是A。28.【答案】C【解析】本題是形容詞題；根據(jù)本句，我現(xiàn)在處于世界領(lǐng)先的音樂學院，所以選leading。其余選項含義為：grand（宏偉的），strict（嚴格的），expensive（昂貴的）；故正確答案是C。29.【答案】D【解析】本題是動詞題；根據(jù)句意，它打開了大腦中那些不太容易被鋼琴觸及的區(qū)域，選擇uniocks.其余選項含義為：build（建立），cover（覆蓋），define（定義）；故正確答案是D。30.【答案】C【解析】本題是名詞題；根據(jù)本句這有利于激發(fā)我對音樂如何運作的好奇心。其余選項含義為：prediction（預報，預言），memory（記憶），imagination（想象力）；故正確答案是C。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，040分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWhataresomeofyourfavoritememoriesoftheUniversity?Inpreparationforeachfall's50threunion,membersofthemilestoneclassareaskedtorecallcampusmemoriesforanannualMemoryBook.Here'sasmallselectionofsomememoriesfromtheClassof1969.PhyllisJoBaunach“...Icannotforgettheendlesshoursstudying,researching,andlearninginthemiddleofthemustybooksinthestacks.Wedideverythingbyhand!Butthejoysofideascomingtolifeandunderstandingthornyconceptsarepriceless.Additionally,IcannotforgetthejoyfulhoursofCo-Kastrehearsalsforstudent-written-and-directedplays,andthethrillofaudiences'responsestoourefforts.NorwillIeverforgettakingvoicelessonsattheEastmanSchoolofMusic.Thiscoursegavemeconfidencetotrynewmusicalapproachesandtothinkonmyfeet.”PaulBoehm“...manysweetandlastingmemories—fivefeetofdeepsnow,gettingstrandedontheThruway,musicatHylieMorris'sAlley,andofcourse,Imetmywifeof48years,EllenBlazerBoehmfromtheClassof1972,whenshewasafreshmanandIwasasenior.Asafive-yearchemicalengineeringmajor,Ihadoneelectivetospare,andEllensaid,‘Howaboutoceanography?'So,IenrolledinoceanographywithDr.TaroTakahashi(thefamousclimatescientist),whichawakenedmyenvironmentaljuices,andchangedmyprofessionaldirection.”FarelVellaMcClure“...ItrulylovedmyfourundergraduateyearsattheUniversityofRochester.Infact,IloveditsomuchthatIstayedanextrayeartogetamaster'sdegree!Iwasveryfortunatetohavebeentotallyimmersedinstudentlifeoncampus.Mymemoriesincludecampaigningandwinningaseatonthestudentgovernmentduringmyfreshmanyear.OthermemoriesincludetheSusanB.Anthonybanquet,andsleepinginthecomfychairsinthelibrary.IwasalsoprivilegedtobeselectedasastudentrepresentativeonthedesignteamforthenewWilsonCommons.I.M.Pei,thefamousarchitectwhodesignedtheLouvrePyramid,wasthearchitectforWilsonCommons.WeevenvisitedhisofficesinNewYorktoseethe‘master'atwork.”Accordingtothepassage,PaulBoehm.marriedEllenBlazerin1972dislikedhismajorinuniversitybecameafamousclimatescientistlaterdiscoveredhisinterestinenvironmentalscience31.【答案】D【解析】本題考查文章細節(jié)；根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句可知，PaulBoehm報名了海洋學作為自己的選修課，且原文中的“awakenedmyenvironmentaljuices"與D選項中的discoveredhisinterest相對應，故正確答案是D。WhatcanwelearnaboutFarelVellaMcClure?Shewasaworld-famousdesigner.Shewasactiveinschoolactivities.Shehadahardtimegettinghermaster's.SheoncemetI.M.PeiattheLouvrePyramid.32.【答案】B【解析】本題考查推理判斷；根據(jù)文章第六段可知，F(xiàn)arel回顧了自己在大學生活時的種種事情，包括參加運動、學生會、宴會、作為設計隊的學生代表、參觀I.M.Pei的辦公室等，說明了她在大學活動中非?；钴S，故正確答案是B。Thethreepeoplealltalkedabout.theirbelovedprofessorsB.theirgreatfriendshipC.theirlearningexperiencesD.theirbeautifulcampus33.【答案】C【解析】本題考查文章細節(jié)；題目問“三個人全都談論到的是什么”。根據(jù)文章PhyllisJoBaunach的回憶“…Icannotforgettheendlesshoursstudying,researching,andlearninginthemiddleofthemustybooksinthestack.”，第五段PaulBoehm的回憶“So,IenrolledinoceanographywithDr.TaroTakahashi**”，以及第六段FarelVellaMeClure的回憶“Infact,IloveditsomuchthatIstayedanextrayeartogetamaster'sdegree!”可知，三個人全都談論到了“他們的學習經(jīng)歷”故正確答案是C。BEarlyFebruary,IwasflyinguptoOhio.Wellprepared,Ihadeverythinginmyfavour—fuelforfivehours,chartsinorder,myflightplanonmylap,andabeautifulclearsky.Iwaswrong.IhadheardaboutAlbertaClipperscomingoutofCanada.Iknewallaboutthem—howanentireairmasswasstreamingalongatoversixtymilesanhour.Thatmorning,theWeatherBrieferinformedmethatanAlbertaClipperwasgoingoverChicagoaboutthetimeIgottotheairport.Chicagowassome400milesfrommydestination—notafactor,orsoIthought.ThatwasthefirsthintImissed.ThecontrollercalledandaskedifIwantedtoadjustmyflightplan.Ididthecheckandeverythingwasinthegreen.SoItoldhimno.TwentyminuteslaterthecontrollercalledagainaskingwhetherIwantedtoadjustmyflightplan.Icheckedeverything.Allwasfine.Iignoredthathint.Iwasfooledbythesmoothairandlimitedexperiencewitharapidlymovingairmassthatwasnotchangingviolently.TheAlbertaClipperwasclippingalong.Thefirstblastofturbulence（氣流）struckmyplane.Igotslammedintotheroof,andthenslammedsidewayshittingthewindowwithsuchforceupmynosethatIstartedbleeding.Aftera2-hourflightof100miles,Irealizedfuelwasnowanissue.Sowaslanding.IcalledFlightFollowing.WefiguredouttheairportIcouldland.Theenginestopped.Sodidmyheart.Thereisnoquietasquietlystunningasthisoneatsuchanaltitude.Ihadrunoutoffuelinthelefttank,andonlyalittleinmyrighttank.Theenginequitforasecondtime.Ideclaredanemergency.IwastoldthatImightgetanotherfewminutesoffuelifIgentlybankedtheairplane.Luckily,itworked.Then,theenginequitforthelasttime.Iwasaglidernow.Imadealonglazyspiraldescent.DownIwent.Istoppedattheveryendoftherunway.Imadesomanymistakes,missedsomanyclues,andshowedmyignorancesomuchthatIbeatmyselfupoverandoveragaininmymind.IlearnedtextbookdescriptionsofAlbertaClippersandreal-lifeexperiencewithonearetotallydifferent.Iwillneverforgetthesoundofthatsilence.Iflewhomethenextday.Older.Wiser.Humbler.Lucky.WecanknowfromthepassagethatAlbertaClippers.canbringsnowstormsarequick-movingairmassesareviolentlychangingairpressurecanleadtoasuddentemperaturedrop34.【答案】B【解析】本題考查文章細節(jié)；根據(jù)文章第三段第2句可知，被稱為AlbertaClipper的冷空氣氣旋以每小時超過60英里的速度流動。故正確答案是B。Whatmainlyledtotheauthor'smissingallthehints?Hislackofflyingexperience.Hispoorpreparationforthejourney.Hismisjudgementabouttheairmass.D.Hisoverconfidenceinhispilotingskills.35.【答案】C【解析】本題考查文章細節(jié)；根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句話和第五段倒數(shù)第2句和倒數(shù)第3句可知，我忽略了指揮員的多次暗示，被平穩(wěn)的空氣氣流以及變化不明顯的空氣質(zhì)量所愚弄了。故正確答案是C。Whichistherightorderoftheevent?Ideclaredanemergency.Myairplanewasrunningoutoffuel.Iinsistedoncarryingonmyflightplan.Iwasthrowntotheroofbytheviolentairmass.Islightlybankedmyairplaneandmadealanding.dcbeaB.dcebaC.cdabeD.cdbae36.【答案】D【解析】本題考查文章細節(jié)；根據(jù)整篇文章事件發(fā)生的先后順序和前五段，可知第一個事件是c,我堅持我的飛行計劃；根據(jù)文章第六段第2句話，可知第二個事件是d,我被摔到了機艙內(nèi)頂部；根據(jù)文章第八段第4句話，可知第三個事件是b,飛機燃料用光了；根據(jù)文章第八段第6句話，可知第四個事件是a,我宣布了緊急救助；根據(jù)文章第8段第7句話可知第五個事件是e，我輕微地傾斜飛行然后著陸。故正確答案是D。Thepassagedescribe.arewardingtraininganarrowescapeapainfulexplorationaseriousaccident【答案】B【解析】本題考查文章主旨；A選項意為“一次有益的訓練”B選項意為“一次死里逃生”，C選項意為“一次痛苦的探索”,D選項意為“一個嚴重的事故”，整篇文章講述了一個飛行員在飛行途中遭遇冷空氣氣旋，最后克服重重困難并使飛機成功著陸的故事；故正確答案是B。CThereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters.Forinstance,BenedictCumberbatchsaid,"MymumsaysI'mmuchmoreimpatientwithherwhenI'mfilmingSherlock."MarkSeton,aresearcherattheUniversityofSydney,hasevencoinedtheterm"post-dramaticstressdisorder"todescribethelastingeffectsexperiencedbyactorswholosethemselvesinarole."Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied,"hewrites.Arecentfindingdoesn'tinvolveacting,anditindicatesthatmerelyspendingsometimethinkingaboutanotherpersonseemedtoruboffonthevolunteers'senseofself,ledbyMeghanMeyeratPrincetonUniversity.Acrossseveralstudies,theseresearchersaskedvolunteerstofirstratetheirownpersonalities,memoriesorphysicalattributes,andthentoperformthesametaskfromtheperspectiveofanotherperson.Forinstance,theymightscoretheemotionalityofvariouspersonalmemories,andthenratehowafriendorrelativewouldhaveexperiencedthosesameevents.Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother,thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain:theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey'dgivenforsomeoneelse.Forinstance,iftheyhadinitiallysaidthetraitterm"confident"wasonlymoderatelyrelatedtothemselvesandthenratedthetermasbeingstronglyrelatedtoafriend'spersonality,whentheycametorescorethemselves,theynowtendedtoseethemselvesasmoreconfident.Remarkably,thismorphingoftheselfwithanotherwasstillapparentevenifa24-hourgapwasleftbetweentakingsomeoneelse'sperspectiveandre-ratingoneself."Bysimplythinkingaboutanotherperson,wemayadaptourselftotaketheshapeofthatperson,"saidMeyerandhercolleagues.Thatoursenseofselfshouldhavethisqualitymightbealittlediscouraging,especiallyforanyonewhohasstruggledtoestablishafirmsenseofidentity.Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere,too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasierthanwethought.Byroleplayingoractingoutthekindofpersonwewouldliketobecome,ormerelybythinkingaboutandspendingtimewithpeoplewhoembodythekindofattributeswewouldliketoseeinourselves,wecanfindthatoursenseofselfchangesindesirableways."Aseachofuschooseswhotobefriend,whotomodel,andwhotoignore,"writeMeyerandhercolleagues,"wemustmakethesedecisionsawareofhowtheyshapenotonlythefabricofoursocialnetworks,butevenoursenseofwhoweare."Thefirsttwoparagraphsmainly.statethatactingrequiresskillsexplainthestressthatanactorfacesshowthataroleleavesamarkontheactorstresstheimportanceofdevotingoneselftoarole【答案】C【解析】本題考查段落主旨，根據(jù)文章第一段第一句Thereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperieneeablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters，以及第二段結(jié)尾句：Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied,"可知演員會受到自己所參演角色的影響，并且這種影響會很持久，故正確答案是C。Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"ruboffon"inParagraph3probablymean?Influence.Strengthen.Confuse.Determine.【答案】A【解析】本題考查猜詞題，通過文章第四段前兩句Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother,thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain:theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey'dgivenforsomeoneelse可知，志愿者對于自己的認知受到了第三方的影響；故正確答案是A。Accordingtothestudy,takingtheperspectiveofanotherperson.bringschangestoone'sself-knowledgemotivatesonetobetterunderstandhimselfhelpspeopledealwiththeiridentityproblemsproducestemporaryeffectsonone'scharacter40.【答案】A【解析】本題考查細節(jié)題；根據(jù)文章第4段“Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother,thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain:theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey'dgivenforsomeoneelse."可知志愿者的自我認知受到了第三方的影響，進一步發(fā)生了改變。故正確答案是A。Whatisthesignificanceofthestudy?Itoffersinstructionsonmakingfriends.Itproposesameanstoimproveourselves.Itgivesadviceonadjustingone'semotions.Itpresentsawaytodealwithstressdisorder.41.【答案】B【解析】本題考查主旨題；通過文章倒數(shù)第二段Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere,too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasier可知通過這項研究我們可以知道改變自己并不是很困難的事情，進一步可以對我們自身進行提升。故正確答案是B。DIncollege,Iwastaughtaneleganttheoryofchemicalcombinationbasedonexcesselectronsgoingintoholesintheorbitalshellofaneighbouringatom.Butwhataboutdiatomiccompoundslikeoxygengas?Don'task;studentsaren'treadytoknow.Inphysics,inbiology,inanyotherscienceclasses,studentsfrequentlygetthatanswertoo.It'stimetotruststudentstohandledoubtanddiversityinscience.Actually,studentsarestartingtoact.Theyhaveshamedtheirseniorsintoincludingmorediversecontributorsasfacultymembersandrolemodels.Youngscholarsrudelyasktheirsuperiorswhytheyfailtoaddresstheextinctioncrisesclarifiedbytheirresearch.Theinheritedauthoritarianpoliticalstructuresofscienceeducationarebecominglame——butstillremainlargelyunchangedfromtheoldschooldays.Anarrow,rigideducationdoesnotprepareanyoneforthecomplexitiesofscientificresearch,applicationsandpolicy.Ifwediscouragestudentsfrominquiringintotherealnatureofscientifictruths,orexploringhowsocietyshapesthequestionsthatresearchersask,howcanwepreparethemtomaintainpublictrustinscienceinour“post-truth”world?Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity;wemustmakeroomforthem,andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.Inscience,evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.Theunifyingpatternsoftheperiodictablearenowquestionedundercloserexamination.Somescientistsnowwonderwhethertheconceptofbiological“species”contributesmoreconfusionthaninsight,andwhetheritshouldthereforebeabandoned.However,suchadecisionwouldaffectconservationpolicy,inwhichidentificationofendangeredspeciesiscrucial——soitisnotjustanissueforbasicscience.Sciencestudentsgenerallyremainunawarethatconceptssuchaselementsandspeciesarecontestedorareevencontestable.Inschool,collegeandbeyond,curriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.Publicargumentsamongscientistsoftenpresumethateveryproblemhasjustonesolution.Nonetheless,uncertainadviceoncomplexissuesshouldbeawarningthat,fromafutureperspective,today'stotalscientificconsensusonsomepolicyissuemighthavebeentheresultofstubbornness,aconflictofinterestorworse.Justasahealthydemocracyaccommodatesdissentanddissonance,thecollectiveconsciousnessofsciencewoulddowelltoembracedoubtanddiversity.Thiscouldstartwithteachingscienceasagreat,flawed,ongoinghumanachievement,ratherthanasacollectionofcut-and-driedeternal（永久的）truths.Irecallalegendarychemistryprofessorwhowasnotskilfulatgettingclassroomdemonstrationstowork——butdiscussingwhatwentwronghelpedhisstudentstothrive.Amathematicianfriendletpupilsdiscusseverystatementinthetextbookuntilallweresatisfied.Theydidverywellinexams,andtaughtthemselveswhenhewasabsent.Treatingpeopleatalllevelsascommittedthinkers,whoseaskingteachesusall,isthekeytotacklingthechallengestoscienceinthepost-trustage.Theproblemofcurrentsciencetrainingisthat.studentscannotbecomespecialistsitgoesagainstestablishedscienceeducationstudentslosetrustintheirteachersandprofessorsitfailstoprovidestudentswithwhattheyneedinfuture42.【答案】D【解析】本題為推斷題；根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity;wemustmakeroomforthem,andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.”意為“多樣性和懷疑產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)造力;我們必須為學生們騰出空間，停止引導未來的科學家進入重視技術(shù)而非思想的狹窄專業(yè)”和D選項“當前的科學訓練的問題是不能給學生提供他們未來所需要的東西”表達內(nèi)容一致，故正確答案是D。Theperiodictableismentionedtoprovethat.eventhewidelyacceptedcanbechallengedstudentsaregenerallyignorantofsciencemostpreviousresearchersareoutofdatesciencehasbeendevelopingwithtime43.【答案】A【解析】本題為推斷題；根據(jù)題干中“periodictable”可以定位至文章第四段。根據(jù)第四段首句“Inscienee,evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.”，可以得知“在科學中，即使是最基本的構(gòu)成要素也會受到質(zhì)疑”，和A選項“被廣泛接受的內(nèi)容也可以被質(zhì)疑”表達內(nèi)容一致，故正確答案是A。Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethat.studentsmaybemoreinnovativeiftheyareallowedtodoubtsciencestudentsdonotcontestelementsorspeciesstudentsshouldnottrustestablishedsciencediversitypreventsprogressinscience44.【答案】A【解析】本題為推斷題；根據(jù)文章第三段“Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity.”可以得知A選項“如果允許學生持懷疑態(tài)度，他們可能會更具有創(chuàng)造力”是正確的；根據(jù)文章第五段“Scieneestudentsgenerallyremainunawarethatconceptssuchaselementsandspeciesarecontestedorareevencontestable”可知理科生不知道元素和物種等概念是被爭議的，而不是不爭議元素或物種，故B選項錯誤