新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第二版第一冊課文中英對譯

Unitl學(xué)外語Learningaforeignlanguagewasoneofthemostdifficultyetmostrewardingexperiencesofmylife.學(xué)習(xí)外語是我一生中最艱苦也是最有意義的經(jīng)歷之ー。Althoughattimeslearningalanguagewasfrustrating,itwaswellworththeeffort.雖然時常遭遇挫折,但卻非常有價值。Myexperiencewithlearningaforeignlanguagebeganin<4>junior</4>middleschool,whenItookmyfirstEnglishclass.我學(xué)外語的經(jīng)歷始于初中的第一堂英語課。Ihadakindandpatientteacherwhooftenpraisedallofthestudents.老師很慈祥耐心,時常表揚(yáng)學(xué)生。Becauseofthispositivemethod,IeagerlyansweredallthequestionsIcould,neverworryingmuchaboutmakingmistakes.由于這種積極的教學(xué)方法,我踴躍回答各種問題,從不怕答錯。Iwasatthetopofmyclassfortwoyears.兩年中,我的成績一直名列前茅WhenIwenttoseniormiddleschool,IwaseagertocontinuestudyingEnglish;however,myexperienceinseniormiddleschoolwasverydifferentfrombefore.到了高中后,我渴望繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)英語。然而,高中時的經(jīng)歷與以前大不相同。Whilemyformerteacherhadbeenpatientwithallofthestudents,mynewteacherquicklypunishedthosewhogaveincorrectanswers.以前,老師對所有的學(xué)生都很耐心,而新老師則總是懲罰答錯的學(xué)生。Wheneverweansweredincorrectly,shepointedalongstickatusand,shakingitupanddown,shouted,nNo!No!No!”每當(dāng)有誰回答錯了,她就會用長教鞭指著我們,上下?lián)]舞大喊:“錯!錯!錯!”Itdidn'ttakemelongtolosemyeagernesstoanswerquestions.沒有多久,我便不再渴望回答問題了NotonlydidIlosemyjoyinansweringquestions,butIalsolostmydesiretosayanythingatallinEnglish.我不僅失去了回答問題的樂趣,而且根本就不想再用英語說半個字。However,thatstatedidn'tlastlong.好在這種情況沒持續(xù)多久。WhenIwenttocollege,IlearnedthatallstudentswererequiredtotakeanEnglishcourse.到了大學(xué),我了解到所有學(xué)生必須上英語課。Unlikemyseniormiddleschoolteacher,mycollegeEnglishteacherswerepatientandkind,andnoneofthemcarriedlong,pointedsticks!與髙中老師不同,大學(xué)英語老師非常耐心和藹,而且從來不帶教鞭!Thesituationwasfarfromperfect,though.不過情況卻遠(yuǎn)不盡如人意。Asourclasseswereverylarge,Iwasonlyabletoansweracoupleofquestionsineachclassperiod.由于班大,每堂課能輪到我回答的問題寥寥無幾。Also,afterafewweeksofclasses,1noticedthereweremanystudentswhospokemuchbetterthanIdid.上了幾周課后,我還發(fā)現(xiàn)許多同學(xué)的英語說得比我要好得多。Ibegantofeelintimidated.我開始產(chǎn)生一種畏懼感。So,onceagain,althoughfordifferentreasons,Iwasafraidtospeak.雖然原因與高中時不同,但我卻又一次不敢開口了。ItseemedmyEnglishwasgoingtostayatthesamelevelforever.看來我的英語水平要永遠(yuǎn)停步不前了ThatwasthesituationuntilacoupleofyearslaterwhenIwasofferedanopportunitytostudyEnglishthroughanonlinecourse.直到兒年后我有機(jī)會參加遠(yuǎn)程英語課程,情況オ有所改善。Thecommunicationmediumwasacomputer,aphoneline,andamodem這種課程的媒介是一臺電腦、一條電話線和一個調(diào)制解調(diào)器。.Isoongotaccesstothenecessaryequipment,learnedhowtousethetechnologyfromafriendandparticipatedinthevirtualclassroom5to7daysaweek.我很快配齊了必耍的設(shè)備并跟ー個朋友學(xué)會了電腦操作技術(shù),于是我每周用5到7天在網(wǎng)上的虛擬課堂里學(xué)習(xí)英語。Onlinelearningisnoteasierthanregularclassroomstudy;網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)并不比普通的課堂學(xué)習(xí)容易。itrequiresalotoftime,commitmentanddisciplinetokeepupwiththeflowofthecourse.它需要花許多的時間,需要學(xué)習(xí)者專心自律,以跟上課程進(jìn)度。Iworkedhardtomeettheminimumstandardssetbythecourseandtocompleteassignmentsontime.我盡力達(dá)到課程的最低要求,并按時完成作業(yè)。Ipracticedallthetime.我隨時隨地都在學(xué)習(xí)。IcarriedalittledictionarywithmeeverywhereIwent,aswellasanotebookinwhichIlistedanynewwordsIheard.不管去哪里,我都隨身攜帶一本袖珍字典和筆記本,筆記本上記著我遇到的生詞。Imademany,sometimesembarrassing,mistakes.我學(xué)習(xí)中出過許多錯,有時是令人尷尬的錯誤。Onceinawhile1criedoutoffrustration,andsometimesIfeltlikegivingup.有時我會因挫折而哭泣,有時甚至想放棄。But1didn'tfeelintimidatedbystudentswhospokefasterthanIdidbecauseItookallthetimeIneededtothinkoutmyideasandwroteareplybeforepostingitonthescreen.但我從未因別的同學(xué)英語說得比我快而感到畏懼,因為在電腦屏幕上作出回答之前,我可以根據(jù)自己的需要花時間去琢磨自己的想法。Then,onedayIrealizedIcouldunderstandjustabouteverything1cameacross,andmostimportantly,Icould"say"anythingIwantedtoinEnglish.突然有一天我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己什么都懂了,更重耍的是，我說起英語來靈活自如。AlthoughIwasstillmakingmanymistakesandwascontinuallylearningnewwaystosaythings,Ihadfinallyreapedthebenefitsofallofmyhardwork.盡管我還是常常出錯，還有很多東西要學(xué)，但我已嘗到了刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的甜頭。Learningaforeignlanguagehasbeenamosttryingexperienceforme,butonethatIwouldn'ttradeforanything.學(xué)習(xí)外語對我來說是非常艱辛的經(jīng)歷,但它又無比珍貴。Notonlydidlearninganotherlanguageteachmethevalueofhardwork,butitalsogavemeinsightsintoanotherculture,andmymindwasopenedtonewwaysofseeingthings.它不僅使我懂得了艱苦努力的意義,而且讓我了解了不同的文化,讓我以ー種全新的思維去看待事物。ThemostwonderfulresultofhavinglearnedaforeignlanguagewasthatIcouldcommunicatewithmanymorepeoplethanbefore.學(xué)習(xí)ー門外語最令人興奮的收獲是我能與更多的人交流。Talkingwithpeopleisoneofmyfavoriteactivities,sobeingabletospeakanewlanguageletsmemeetnewpeople,participateinconversations,andformnew,unforgettablefriendships.與人交談是我最喜歡的ー項活動,新的語言使我能與陌生人交往,參與他們的談話,并建立新的難以忘懷的友誼。NowthatIspeakaforeignlanguage,insteadofstaringintospacewhenEnglishisbeingspoken,Icanparticipateandmakefriends.山于我已能說英語,別人講英語時我不再茫然不解了。我能夠參與其中,并結(jié)交朋友。Iamabletoreachouttoothersandbridgethegapbetweenmylanguageandcultureandtheirs.我能與人交流,并能夠彌合我所說的語言和所處的文化與他們的語言和文化之間的鴻溝。Unit2Theradioclickedon.Rockmusicblastedorth收音機(jī)"咔嗒”一聲,搖滾樂就大聲地響開了。.Likeashot,themusicwokeSandy.音樂像槍聲似的將桑迪吵醒。Shelookedattheclock;itwas6:15A.M.她看了一下鐘,早上6點(diǎn)一刻。Sandysangalongwiththewordsasshelaylisteningtoherfavoriteradiostation.她躺在床上,聽著她喜歡的電臺廣播,嘴里哼著歌詞。uSandy,Hshoutedherfather.MSandy,turnthatmusicoff!**“桑迪,”她父親喊道,“桑迪,把音樂關(guān)了!”SteveFinchburstntoherroom.史蒂夫?芬奇沖進(jìn)她的臥室。WhydoyouhavetolistentosuchhorribleufF?“你為什么一定要聽這么糟糕的音樂?Ifsthesamethingoverandover.還聽了一遍又一遍。I'mnotsureitisreallymusic,thoughitdoeshaverhythm.''雖然有節(jié)奏,可恐怕不是真正的音樂。"Ilikethatmusic,Dad;it'smyfavorite.“我喜歡這種音樂,爸爸。這是我最喜歡的。Listenforaminute;I'msureyoulllikeit.M您聽一下吧,您肯定會喜歡的。”Sandyreachedfortheradiototurnituplouder.桑迪伸手把音樂開得更響。"No,no,don'tdothat.Ican'tstandit.“別,別開那么響,我受不了TurnthatradiodownsoyourmotherandIcan'thearit.把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)低點(diǎn),這樣我和你媽媽就聽不到了。I'msurethatmusicishurtingyourearsaswellasyourbrain."我敢肯定,那音樂既傷你的耳朵,又傷你的大腦?！盨andywalkedintothebathroomandturnedontheshower.桑迪走進(jìn)浴室,打開淋浴噴頭。Thenshegrabbedthesoapandwashedthoroughly,includingherhai匚然后她抓起香皂,渾身上下洗個遍,連頭發(fā)也洗了。Afterhershower,Sandybrushedherhair,putonherold,greenT-shirtandsomejeans.淋浴后,桑迪梳了梳頭發(fā),穿上一件舊的綠色圓領(lǐng)衫和一條牛仔褲。Thensheputonhermakeupandwenttothekitchen.接著她化好妝,走進(jìn)了廚房Asusual,shedidn'tknowwhattohaveforbreakfast,soshegrabbedaglassofmilkandateapieceoftoastwhilestandingbythesink.和往常一樣,她不知道早餐該吃什么,便抓了杯牛奶,站在洗滌槽旁吃烤面包。Justthen,hermother,Jane,enteredthekitchen.就在此時,她媽媽簡走進(jìn)了廚房。"Sandy,whydon'tyousitdownandeatyourbreakfast?<p9>Itisn'thealthytoeatstandingup."“桑迪,你怎么不坐下吃飯?站著吃飯對身體不好?！?Iknow,Mom,butIdon'thavetimetositdownandeat."“我知道,媽媽,可我沒時間坐著吃。”"Didyoufinishyourhomework,dear?"“昨天做作業(yè)了吧,寶貝?”"Yes.""Didyoubrushyourteeth?"“刷過牙了?”"Mom,Ihaven'tfinishedeatingbreakfastyet.<plO>I'llbrushmyteethwhenI'mdone."“媽媽,我還沒吃完飯呢。吃完了再刷?！?Sandy,whyareyouwearingthatoldT-shirt?It'sdisgusting."“桑迪,你怎么穿那件舊圓領(lǐng)衫呢?難看死了?！?Mom,pleasestop."“媽媽,請別這樣。"Stopwhat,dear?*,“別怎么樣?”"Stopbuggingme."“別這樣煩我。"Sandy,areyouwearingeyeliner?"“桑迪,你怎么描起眼線來了?”"Yes,Mom,Fvebeenwearingeyelinerformonths.Isn'titpretty?"“我是描了,媽媽。我都描了幾個月了。難道不漂亮?”"SandyFinch,you'retooyoungtowearthatmuchmakeup."“桑迪?芬奇,你還小,不能化這么濃的妝」"Mom,I'mfifteen.I'moldenoughtowearmakeup.“媽媽,我都15歲了,到了可以化妝的年齡了。Believeme,allthegirlsatschoolwearmakeup.Somehavetattoosandpiercedears,andnosesandtongues,too.給您說實話吧,學(xué)校的女孩子都化妝,有些還文身,有的還戴耳環(huán)、鼻環(huán)、舌環(huán)呢。Mom,Idon'thavetimetotalkaboutthisnow一!'mlate.I'vegottogo.Seeyoulater."媽媽,我現(xiàn)在沒時間給您說,我快遲到了,得走了。再見。”Sandykissedhermotherquicklyonthecheek,pickedupherbooks,andboltedoutofthehouse.桑迪匆匆吻了一下媽媽的臉頰,拿起書沖出了屋子。AfterSandyhadleftforschool,JaneFinchsatdowninpeaceandquiettodrinkhercoffee.桑迪離家上學(xué)后,筒?芬奇平靜地坐下來喝咖啡。Soonherhusbandjoinedher.沒過一會兒,她丈夫走了進(jìn)來"Wouldyoulikesomecoffee,Steve?"askedJane.“史蒂夫,喝點(diǎn)咖啡吧?”簡問道。"No,thanks,honey.Mystomachfeelsupset一!ikeit'sfullofknots.“不,謝謝,親愛的。我胃不舒服,心亂如麻。Il'sprobablythatawfulmusicthatwakesmeupeverymorning.可能是因為那討厭的音樂每天早上把我吵醒。Idon'tthinkI'mold-fashioned,buthearingthosetuneless<,offensiveyricsrepeatedlymakesmybloodboil."我想我還不至于老得落伍吧,可沒完沒了地聽那毫無韻律、令人討厭的歌曲實在讓我生氣?！?Youknow,honey,differentmusicappealstodifferentgenerations,*'reasonedJane.“你知道,親愛的,不同年齡的人喜歡不同的音樂,”簡勸說道。"Remembersomeofthemusicwelistenedto?"“還記得我們聽過的ー些音樂嗎?”Stevesmiled."You'reright.Maybeeatingbreakfastwillhelpmegetridofsomeoftheknotsinmystomach."史蒂夫笑了,“你說得有道理。也許吃點(diǎn)早飯能讓我感覺好一點(diǎn)。"Didyounoticehowmuchmakeupourfifteen-year-olddaughterwaswearingthismorning?Ican'tbelieveIdidn'tnotice.“你注意到了嗎,今天早晨我們15歲的女兒都化了什么樣的妝?Isupposeweshouldfeelluckybecausemakeupisourbiggestproblemwithher.我真不敢相信自己以前沒有注意到。I'veseenotherteenagerswalkingaroundtownwithtattoosandpiercingsallovertheirbodies."我想我們應(yīng)該感到幸運(yùn),因為我們女兒的最大問題還只是化妝。"Whatworriesme,"saidSteve,"isthatmusiccouldhaveanegativeinfluenceonSandy.“令我擔(dān)心的是,”史蒂夫說,“那種音樂對桑迪可能有負(fù)面的影響。Idon'tknowwhat'shappeningtoourlittlegirl.我不知道我們的女兒到底怎么回事。She'schangingandI'mconcernedabouther.她在變,我很擔(dān)心她。Makeup,terriblemusic—whoknowswhatwillbenext?化妝品,糟糕的音樂,誰知道以后還會有什么花樣?Weneedtohaveatalkwithher.Thenewsisfullofstoriesaboutteenagersintroublewhoseparentshardlyknowanythingabouttheirproblems."我們得和她談?wù)?。新聞里報道的盡是惹上麻煩的青少年,可他們的父母卻不知道自己的孩子有什么問題。"Oh,Idon'tthinkhermusicissoterrible.”“哦，我倒不認(rèn)為她的音樂如此糟糕。Butinanycase,you'reright.WeneedtohaveatalkwithSandy,"saidJane.但不管怎么說,你還是說得對,我們需要和桑迪談?wù)?”筒說道。AsJaneFinchdrovetowork,shethoughtaboutherSandy.去上班的路上,筒?芬奇一面開著車,一面想著她的桑迪。Sheknewwhatshewantedtosay,whatshehadtosaytoSandy.她知道自己想說什么,得對桑迪說什么。ShewassogladthatsheandSandycouldstilltalkthingsover.她和桑迪之間還可以進(jìn)行交流,這令她很高興。Sheknewshehadtohavepatienceandkeepthelinesofcommunicationwithherdaughteropen.她知道自己得有耐心,得保持自己和桑迪之間溝通的渠道暢通。Shewantedtobethereasananchorforher,butatthesametimeshewouldgiveherfreedomtofindherownidentity她想在桑迪的身邊,做她的保護(hù)人,同時又給她尋找自我的自由。Unit3可依賴的好心WhenIwasgrowingup,Iwasembarrassedtobeseenwithmyfather.在我還未成年時,如果有人看到我和父親在ー塊兒,我就會覺得難堪。Hewaseverelycrippledandveryshort,andwhenwewalkedtogether,hishandonmyarmforbalance,peoplewouldstare.他腿痛得很厲害,個子又矮。我們ー起走路時，他的手搭在我臂上以保持平衡，人們就會盯著看。Iwouldnwardlystruggleattheunwantedattention.對于這種討厭的注視,我打心眼里感到別扭。Ifheevernoticedorwasbothered,heneverleton.即使父親注意到這些或感到不安,他也從不表露出來。Itwasdifficulttocoordinateoursteps—hishalting,mineimpatient—andbecauseofthat,wedidn'tsaymuchaswewentalong.我們的步伐難以協(xié)調(diào)一致ーー他常常停下腳步,而我的步子卻顯得不耐煩。正因為如此,我們ー?路很少說話。Butaswestartedout,healwayssaid,°Yousetthepace.Iwilltrytoadjusttoyou.”但每次出門時,他總說:“你按你的步速走,我跟著你?！監(jiān)urusualwalkwastoorfromthesubwayonwhichhetraveledtowork.我們通常就在地鐵口和家門口之間來回,那是他上班的路線Hewenttoworksick,anddespitenastyweather.他生病或天氣惡劣時也堅持上班,幾乎從不缺勤。Healmostnevermissedaday,andwouldmakeittotheofficeevenifotherscouldnot.他總是準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)到辦公室,即使別人做不到。Itwasamatterofpride.這是件可以引以為榮的事。Whensnoworicewasontheground,itwasimpossibleforhimtowalk,evenwithhelp.當(dāng)路上覆蓋冰雪時,即使有人攙扶,他也難以行走。AtsuchtimesmysistersorIwouldpullhimthroughthestreetsofBrooklyn,N.Y.,onachild'swagonwithsteelrunnerstothesubwayentrance.這種時候,我或者我的姐妹們就用ー輛帶有鋼輪的兒童推車?yán)┻^紐約布魯克林的街道到地鐵站口。Oncethere,hewouldclingtothehandrailuntilhereached<p12>thelowerstepsthatthewarmertunnelairkeptfreeofice.一到那兒,他就緊抓著地鐵u的扶手一直往下走,因為地鐵內(nèi)比較暖和,下面幾級臺階沒有冰雪。InManhattanthesubwaystationwasinthebasementofhisofficebuilding,andhewouldnothavetogooutsideagainuntilwemethiminBrooklynonhiswayhome.曼哈頓的地鐵站直通他們辦公樓的地下室,他不用出站（就可到辦公室）。下班回家時，我們會去布魯克林的地鐵站口接他。WhenIthinkofitnow,Iamamazedathowmuchcourageitmusthavetakenforagrownmantosubjecthimselftosuchshameandstress.Andathowhedidit—withoutbitternessorcomplaint.現(xiàn)在回想起來,我不禁驚嘆:像他那樣ー個成年人,得有多大的勇氣才能承受這樣的屈辱和壓カ，而當(dāng)時他卻顯得毫無痛苦,也沒怨言。Henevertalkedabouthimselfasanobjectofpity,nordidheshowanyenvyofthemorefortunateorable.他從不說自己可憐,也從不表現(xiàn)出對那些比他幸運(yùn)或健康的人的羨慕。Whathelookedforinotherswasangoodheart",andifhefoundone,theownerwasgoodenoughforhim.他從別人那兒尋找的是一顆“好心”。一旦找到了,那人在他心目中就是個大好人。NowthatIamolder,Ibelievethatisaproperstandardbywhichtojudgepeople,eventhoughIstilldon'tknowpreciselywhata"goodheart"is.現(xiàn)在我長大了,我相信這是判斷一個人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。雖然我還沒有確切理解什么是“好心”，ButIknowattimesIdon'thaveonemyself.但我知道自己有時候并沒有這么ー顆“好心”Unabletoengageinmanyactivities,myfatherstilltriedtoparticipateinsomeway.雖說很多活動父親都不能參加，但他還是試著以某種方式來參與。Whenalocalbaseballteamfounditselfwithoutamanager,hekeptitgoing.當(dāng)?shù)丞`個棒球隊缺少ー個經(jīng)理時,是他使球隊正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)HewasaknowledgeablebaseballfanandoftentookmetoEbbetsFieldtoseetheBrooklynDodgersplay.他是ー個見多識廣的棒球迷,常常帶我到埃貝茨球場,觀看布魯克林道奇隊的比賽。Helikedtogotodancesandparties,wherehecouldhaveagoodtimejustsittingandwatching.他喜歡參加各種舞會和聚會,雖然在那兒他只能坐著觀看,卻也能享受一番樂趣Ononeoccasionafightbrokeoutatabeachparty,witheveryonepunchingandshoving記得在一次沙灘聚會上,進(jìn)行了一場毆斗,人人揮拳上陣,相互推撞。Hewasn'tcontenttositandwatch,buthecouldn'tstandunaidedonthesoftsand.他不滿足只是坐著觀看,然而在松軟的沙地上如果沒人幫助,他又站不起來。Infrustrationhebegantoshout,"I'llfightanyonewhowillsitdownwithme!I'llfightanyonewhowillsitdownwithme!”于是在極度無助的情況下,他高聲喊道:“誰坐下來和我對打!誰愿意坐下來和我對打!Nobodydid.沒有人坐下來和他對打。Butthenextdaypeoplekiddedhimbysayingitwasthefirsttimeanyfighterwasurgedtotakeadivebeforethefightbegan.第二天,人們和他開玩笑,說是第一次聽到拳擊手在開打之前,就有人要求他倒地服輸。Inowknowheparticipatedinsomethingsthroughme,hisonlyson.如今我知道他是通過我,他唯一的兒子,間接地參與了一些事情。WhenIplayedball(poorly),he"played"too.WhenIjoinedtheNavy,he"joined"too.我打球時(球技很糟),他也“打”:后來我加入海軍,他也“加入”了。AndwhenIcamehomeonleave,hesawtoitthatIvisitedhisoffice.我休假回家時,他一定要讓我去參觀他的辦公室。Introducingme,hewasreallysaying,"Thisismyson,butitisalsome,andIcouldhavedonethis,too,ifthingshadbeendifferent."Thosewordswereneversaidaloud.在介紹我時,雖然沒有說出口,但他實際上在說:“這是我兒子,但也是我。如果我沒痛,我也會和他ー樣?！盚ehasbeengonemanyyearsnow,butIthinkofhimoften.如今父親已去世多年，但我時常想起他。Iwonderifhesensedmyreluctancetobeseenwithhimduringourwalks.不知他當(dāng)時是否留意在我們同行時，我不愿意被人看到。Ifhedid,IamsorryInevertoldhimhowsorryIwas,howunworthyIwas,howIregrettedit.若他確實注意到了，那我真慚愧當(dāng)時沒能對他說我是多么對不起他，我是多么不孝，我有多么后悔。IthinkofhimwhenIcomplainabouttrifles,whenIamenviousofanother'sgoodfortune,whenIdon'thavea"goodheart".現(xiàn)在，每當(dāng)我因ー些瑣事而怨天尤人的時候,每當(dāng)我嫉妒別人運(yùn)氣比我好的時候,每當(dāng)我沒有一顆“好心”的時候，我就會想起他。AtsuchtimesIputmyhandonhisarmtoregainmybalance,andsay,"Yousetthepace.Iwilltrytoadjusttoyou."每逢此時，我就設(shè)想自己將手搭在他的臂上,重新找回自己的平衡,我會說:“你按你的步速走,我跟著你。”Unit4如何給人留下好印象Researchshowswemakeupourmindsaboutpeoplethroughunspokencommunicationwithinsevensecondsofmeetingthem.有研究顯示,我們對他人的判斷是根據(jù)我們最初遇到他們的七秒鐘里所進(jìn)行的無聲交流形成的。Consciouslyorunconsciously,weshowourtruefeelingswithoureyes,faces,bodiesandattitudes,causingachainofreactions,rangingfromcomforttofear.無論是有意識還是無意識，我們都會用我們的眼神、面部表情、形體動作和態(tài)度來表現(xiàn)我們的真實情感,從而使他人產(chǎn)生從舒適到害怕等ー連串反應(yīng)。Thinkaboutsomeofyourmostunforgettablemeetings:anintroductiontoyourfuturespouse,ajobinterview,anencounterwithastranger.想想那些讓你最為難忘的會面:被介紹給你未來的妻子或丈夫、一次求職面試、與陌生人的一次邂逅。Focusonthefirstsevenseconds.Whatdidyoufeelandthink?將注意力集中在最初的七秒鐘,你當(dāng)時有何感想?Howdidyou"read"theotherperson?你是如何“解讀”他人的?Howdoyouthinkhereadyou?你認(rèn)為他又是如何解讀你的?Youarethemessage.你本人就是信息。For25yearsFveworkedwiththousandswhowanttobesuccessful.25年來,我在工作中和數(shù)千個想要成功的人打過交道。Fvehelpedthemmakepersuasivepresentations,answerunfriendlyquestions,communicatemoreeffectively.我?guī)椭麄?，使他們所作的演講有說服カ,教他們?nèi)绾位卮鸩挥押玫奶釂?以及如何與人更有效地溝通。Thesecrethasalwaysbeenyouarethemessage.而所有這一切的秘訣都在于要懂得你本人就是信息。Otherswillwanttobewithyouandhelpyouifyouuseyourgoodqualities.如果你能利用你的優(yōu)點(diǎn),別人就會愿意跟你在ー起,并且愿意幫助你。Theyinclude:physicalappearance,energy,rateofspeech,pitchandtoneofvoice,gestures,expressionthroughtheeyes,andtheabilitytoholdtheinterestofothers.這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)包括:外表、活力、語速、語音語調(diào)、手勢、眼神,以及使他人對你保持興趣的能カ。Othersformanimpressionaboutyoubasedonthese.別人對你的印象就是根據(jù)這些因素形成的。Thinkoftimeswhenyouknowyoumadeagoodimpression.想想有哪幾次你確切知道你給人留下了好印象。Whatmadeyousuccessful?你成功的原因又是什么?Youwerecommittedtowhatyouweretalkingaboutandsoabsorbedinthemomentyoulostallself-consciousness.那是因為你對你所談?wù)摰氖虑榉浅Ｍ度?你當(dāng)時完全沉浸其中,以至于完全沒有了羞澀的感覺。Beyourself.保持自我。Manyhow-tobooksadviseyoutostrideintoaroomandimpressotherswithyourqualities.許多指導(dǎo)性的書籍會建議你大步走進(jìn)ー個房間,用你的優(yōu)點(diǎn)給別人留下深刻印象。Theyinstructyoutogreetthemwith"powerhandshakes"andtellyoutofixyoureyesontheotherperson.他們會教你以“有力的握手”問候他人,并且告訴你要用雙眼注視對方。Ifyoufollowallthisadvice,you*lldriveeveryonecrazy—includingyourself.可你如果遵循了所有這些建議,你會讓所有的人都受不了——包括你自己。Thetrickistobeconsistentlyyou,atyourbest.訣竅在于要始終如?地保持自我,保持最佳狀態(tài)的自我。Themosteffectivepeopleneverchangefromonesituationtoanother.給人印象最深的那些人從不隨著情境的變化而改變自己。They'rethesamewhetherthey'rehavingaconversation,addressingtheirgardencluborbeinginterviewedforajob.無論是在與人交談時，在園藝俱樂部上發(fā)表演說時，還是在求職面試中，他們的表現(xiàn)都是ー樣的Theycommunicatewiththeirwholebeing;thetonesoftheirvoicesandtheirgesturesmatchtheirwords.他們?nèi)硇牡嘏c人交流;他們的咅調(diào)和手勢與他們說的話保持著一致Publicspeakers,however,oftensendmixedmessages.然而,演說家常常會傳遞一些混合不清的信息。Myfavoriteisthekindwhosay,"Ladiesandgentlemen,I'mveryhappytobehere"一whilelookingattheirshoes.我最喜歡用來作例子的ー類演說家是那些邊看自己的鞋子邊說“女士們、先生們,我很高興來到這里”的人。Theydon'tlookhappy.他們看上去并不高興。Theylookangry,frightenedordepressed.他們看上去氣憤、恐懼或沮喪。Theaudiencealwaysbelievewhattheyseeoverwhattheyhear.聽眾總是相信自己的親眼所見勝過耳聞。Theythink,"He'stellingmehe'shappy,buthe'snot.他們會想,“他告訴我他很高興,可他并不是這樣。He'snotbeinghonest."他并沒有說實話。Useyoureyes.用你的眼睛。Whetheryou'retalkingtoonepersonoronehundred,alwaysremembertolookatthem.不管你是和一個人交談,還是對ー百個人發(fā)表講話,始終記住你要看著他們。Somepeoplestarttosaysomethingwhilelookingrightatyou,butthreewordsintothesentence,theybreakeyecontactandlookoutthewindow.有些人在開始說話時會直視你,但?句話剛說了幾個字,他就會中斷與你目光的接觸,把目光移向窗外。Asyouenteraroom,moveyoureyescomfortably;thenlookstraightatthoseintheroomandsmile.當(dāng)你走進(jìn)房間時,目光從容地掃視:然后直視房間里的人,并對他們微笑。Smilingisimportant.Itshowsyouarerelaxed.微笑是很重要的,它表明你很放松。Somethinkenteringaroomfullofpeopleislikegoingintoalion'scage.有人認(rèn)為走進(jìn)ー個有很多人的房間就像走進(jìn)ー個獅子籠。Idisagree.我不同意這種說法。IfIdidagree,Icertainlywouldn'tlookatmyfeetorattheceiling.就算我同意,我也肯定不會看著自己的腳或是天花板。I'dkeepmyeyesonthelion!我會注視那頭獅子。Lightenup.別太當(dāng)真。Onceinastaffmeeting,oneofthemostpowerfulchairmenintheentertainmentindustrybecameveryangryovertinyproblems,scoldedeachworkerandenjoyedmakingthemfearhim.一次在員工會議上,一位娛樂業(yè)最有影響的董事長由于ー些微不足道的問題大發(fā)擊霆,責(zé)備每一位員エ，為能使員エ害怕自己而感到滿足。Whenhegottome,heshouted,"Andyou,Ailes,whatareyoudoing?"當(dāng)他走向我,對我喊道,‘'還有你，艾爾斯，你在忙些什么?”Isaid,"Doyoumeannow,thiseveningorfortherestofmylife?"Therewasamomentofsilence.我說:“你是說現(xiàn)在?今晩?還是在我的余生中?”之后有片刻的沉默。Thenthechairmanthrewbackhisheadandroared<withlaughter.接著董事長仰頭放聲大笑。Otherslaughedtoo.其他人也跟著笑起來。Humorbrokethestressofaveryuncomfortablescene.幽默可以打破尷尬場合中的緊張氣氛。IfIhadtogiveadviceintwowords,itwouldbe"lightenup',!如果一定要我用幾個字說出我的建議的話,那就是“別太當(dāng)真”！Youcanalwaysseepeoplewhotakethemselvestooseriously.你總會發(fā)現(xiàn)有一些人對待自己太過認(rèn)真。Usuallytheyareeitherbrooding<ortalkingagreatdealaboutthemselves.他們通常不是在沉思,就是在滔滔不絕地談?wù)撟约?。Takeagoodhardlookatyourself.Doyousay"I"toooften?仔細(xì)地觀察一下你自己，你說"我”的次數(shù)是否過多?Areyouusuallyfocusedonyourownproblems?你通常是否將注意力集中在你個人的問題上?Doyoucomplainfrequently?你是否經(jīng)常抱怨?Ifyouansweredyestoevenoneofthesequestions,youneedtolightenup.對于上述問題,哪怕只有其中一個你給出的是肯定的回答,那么你就需要“別太當(dāng)真”了Tomakeotherscomfortable,youhavetoappearcomfortableyourself.為了讓別人感到自在，你自己先要表現(xiàn)得輕松。Don'tmakeanyhugechanges;justbeyourself.不必作出大的改變，只需要保持自我。Youalreadyhavewithinyouthepowertomakeagoodimpression,becausenobodycanbeyouaswellasyoucan.你本身已具備了給人留下良好印象的能力，因為要保持你的自我，只有你自己才能做得好，誰也代替不了你。UnitsAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome(AIDS)wasdiagnosedintheUnitedStatesinthelate1970s.獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征(艾滋病)是20世紀(jì)70年代末在美國發(fā)現(xiàn)的。Sincethen,AIDShaskilledmorethan204,000Americans—halfofthatnumberinthepastfewyearsalone.自那時以來,艾滋病已奪走了20.4萬多美國人的生命——其中有一半是在過去幾年中喪生的。Another185,000oftheonemillioninfectedwiththeHIVvirusareexpectedtodiewithinthenextyear.此外,在100萬感染艾滋病病毒的人當(dāng)中有!8.5萬人也將在一年內(nèi)死亡。NearlyhalfofthosediagnosedwiththevirusareblacksandLatinos.被診斷感染艾滋病病毒的人當(dāng)中有一半是黑人和來自拉丁美洲的美國人。WomenandyouthinruralsoutherncommunitiesnowconstitutethefastestgrowingsegmentofpeoplewithAIDS.南部農(nóng)村社區(qū)的婦女和青年是數(shù)量增長最快的艾滋病患者群體。Despitesuchalarmingnumbers,thefederalandstategovernmentshavebeenslowinimplementingprogramstostopthespreadofAIDS.盡管數(shù)量大得驚人,但聯(lián)邦和各州政府在實施防止艾滋病蔓延的計劃方面行動遲緩。Inplaceofgovernmentinactivity,anumberoflocalorganizationshaveemerged.鑒于政府行動不カ,許多地方性組織便應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。Oneorganization,theSouthCarolinaAIDSEducationNetwork,formedin1985tocombatthegrowingnumberofAIDScases.南卡羅來納艾滋病教育網(wǎng)絡(luò)機(jī)構(gòu)成立于1985年,目的在于防止艾滋病病例數(shù)量的增加。Likemanylocalorganizations,thisorganizationsuffersfromalackofmoney,forcingittouseitsresourcescreatively.和許多地方性組織ー樣,該組織缺乏資金,這迫使它創(chuàng)造性地使用其資源。Toreachmorepeopleinthecommunity,someAIDSeducationalprogramsoperateoutofabeautyshop.為接觸更多的社區(qū)居民,有些艾滋病教育計劃在美發(fā)店實施。TheownerhandsoutAIDSinformationtoallherclientswhentheyentertheshopandshowsvideosonAIDSpreventionwhiletheywaitfortheirhairtodry.美發(fā)店老板在顧客進(jìn)來時向他們散發(fā)艾滋病資料,在他們等著頭發(fā)晾干時,向他們放映有關(guān)預(yù)防艾滋病的錄像片。Shealsokeepsbooksandotherpublicationsaroundsocustomerscanreadthemwhilewaitingfortheirappointments.她還在店里放ー些書籍和其他出版物,供顧客等候時閱讀。It'samazinghowmanypeopleshehaseducatedonthejob.她在工作的同時使許許多多人受到了教育,這一點(diǎn)著實讓人贊嘆。Recently,thenetworkbeganhelpinghairstyliststhroughoutthesoutheastsetupsimilarprogramsintheirshops.最近,這一教育網(wǎng)絡(luò)機(jī)構(gòu)已開始幫助整個美國東南部的發(fā)型設(shè)計師們在他們的美發(fā)店里實施類似計劃。Thehairstylistsarealsovaluableresourcesinspreadinginformationtotheirschools,communitygroups,andchurches.他們也是向?qū)W校、社區(qū)組織和教堂傳播信息的有價值的資源。Theorganizationhasdevelopedseveraltechniquesusefultoothergroupsdoingsimilarwork.這ー組織還總結(jié)出了一些對其他從事同樣工作的團(tuán)體頗有裨益的方法。WhilenoonewayofwinningthewaragainstAIDSexists,thenetworksharestheselessonslearnedinitsbattleagainstAIDS:盡管還沒有一種能戰(zhàn)勝艾滋病的方法,但這一網(wǎng)絡(luò)機(jī)構(gòu)在與艾滋病斗爭中獲得了以下經(jīng)驗:Speaktoyourcommunityinawaytheycanhear.以社區(qū)居民能接受的方式與他們交談Manycommunitieshavealowliteracyrate,makingimpossiblepassingoutAIDSliteratureandexpectingpeopletoreadit.許多社區(qū)的居民受教育比例低,這使得向他們散發(fā)艾滋病資料、希望他們自己閱讀這ー做法不切實際。Tosolvethisproblem,askpeopleinthecommunitywhocandrawwelltocreatelow-literacyAIDSeducationpublications.為解決這ー問題,需要請ー些善于繪畫的人來編寫適合于教育程度低的居民閱讀的艾滋病教育圖書。Thesebooksusesimple,hand-drawnpicturesof"sadfaces"and"happyfaces"toillustrate<wayspeoplecanpreventAIDS.這些書采用簡單的、手工繪制的“憂傷的臉”和“幸福的臉”等圖畫,說明防止感染艾滋病的方法。Theyalsoshowpeoplewholooklikethoseweneedtoeducate,sincepeoplecanrelatemorewhentheyseefamiliarfacesandlanguagetheycanunderstand.這些書也展示一些看上去同那些需要接受教育的人很相似的圖片。當(dāng)居民們看到熟悉的面孔和能夠理解的語言時,就會發(fā)表更多的議論和看法。Asaresult,suchbooksactuallyhavemoreeffectinthecommunitieswheretheyareusedthangovernmentpublications,whichcostthousandsofdollarsmoretoproduce.這樣一來,這些書在使用它們的社區(qū)里所產(chǎn)生的影響要比政府出版的書產(chǎn)生的影響大,而政府出版的書籍成本要高出數(shù)千美元。Trainteenagerstoeducatetheirpeers.培訓(xùn)青少年去教育自己的同齡人BecauseAIDSisspreadingfastestamongteenagersintheruralSouth,<p2O>thestylistshaveestablishedan"AIDSBusters"programwhichtrainsyouthfrom8to26togointothecommunityandteach"AIDS101"totheirpeers.由于艾滋病在南部農(nóng)村地區(qū)的青少年當(dāng)中傳播速度最快,發(fā)型設(shè)計師們設(shè)立了一個稱為“艾滋病克星”的項目，培訓(xùn)8到26歲的青少年，讓他們到社區(qū)給同齡人上“艾滋病101W課程。TheymakeitsimpleandexplaintheriskofcatchingAIDStofriendstheirownagemuchbetterthananadultcan.這些青少年使這門課程變得簡單易學(xué),在向他們的同齡朋友解釋感染艾滋病的危險性時，他們干得比成年人出色得多。Theyalsoplayavitalroleinhelpingparentsunderstandthetypesofpeerpressuretheirchildrenexperience.他們在幫助父母理解孩子所經(jīng)受的各種來自于同齡人的壓カ方面也起著重要作用。Redefine"atrisk"toincludewomenfromdifferentbackgroundsandmaritalstatus.對“存在危險”這?概念重新界定,從而把不同背景、不同婚姻狀況的婦女都包括進(jìn)去Onewoman'sdoctortoldhershewasnotatriskforAIDSbecauseshewasmarriedanddidn*tusedrugs.一位婦女的醫(yī)生對她說她不存在染上艾滋病的危險,因為她已經(jīng)結(jié)婚,而且不吸毒。Suchmisinformationplaguesthemedicalestablishment這類錯誤觀念困擾著醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。AccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControl,womenwillsoonmakeup80percentofthosediagnosedwithHIV.根據(jù)疾病控制中心的預(yù)測，女性將占感染艾滋病病毒人數(shù)的80%Thestylistsalsoemphasizethateveryoneisatriskandthatallofushavearighttoprotectourselves-regardlessofmarriagestatus.發(fā)型設(shè)計師們也強(qiáng)調(diào)毎個人都存在著危險,所以我們每個人都有權(quán)保護(hù)自己——無論結(jié)婚與否。Theselessonsarenottheonlyolutionstothecrisis,butuntilthereisacureforAIDS,educationrepresents<theonlysafemeasuretoguardagainstthevirus.這些經(jīng)驗不是解決艾滋病危機(jī)的唯一方法,但在找到治療艾滋病的方法之前，教育不失為預(yù)防感染艾滋病病毒的唯一安全措施。Likenootherplaguebefore,theAIDSepidemicthreatenstowipeoutanentiregenerationandleaveanotherwithoutparents.和以前其他傳染病不同，艾滋病這ー傳染性疾病有可能奪去ー代人的生命,從而使另ー代人失去雙親。Wemustnotletcultural,racial,orsocialbarriersdistractusfromthejobthatmustbedone.因而我們決不能讓文化、種族和社會的障礙阻止我們專心從事我們必須做的工作。Norcanweletpoliticalinefficiencystopusfromourtask.我們也不能因為政府工作效率低而放棄我們的工作。Thisisanundeclaredwarthateveryonemustsignupforinorderforustowin.這是ー場不宣而戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)爭,我們每個人都必須參加,只有這樣我們才能取得勝利。Wesimplycannotletpeoplecontinuetodiebecausewedon'tfeelcomfortabletalkingaboutAIDS.我們絕對不能因為談?wù)摪滩刮覀兏械诫y受,而聽任人們繼續(xù)被艾滋病奪去生命。Everyonemustbecomeaneducatorandlearntolive.每個人都必須成為教育者,必須學(xué)會生存。Unit6TheTrashman垃圾エSaturday,April7SteveandIhauledtrashforfoursolidhourscontinuously,exceptforaboutfiveminuteswhenwestoppedtotalk.我和史蒂夫已拖運(yùn)垃圾整整四個小時了,中間只停下來說了約五分鐘的話。MyshoulderhurtwickedlyeachtimeIputanotherfullbarrelonit,andmylegsoccasionallytrembledasIwasheadingtothestreet.Buttherestofmesaid,"Go,trashman,go.'*每次我將滿滿的一桶垃圾扛上肩,肩膀就痛得厲害,有時候扛著垃圾朝街上走,腿都打.顫，可我心里卻對自己說:“挺住,垃圾エ,要挺住?！盜couldnothaveimagedtherewouldbejoyinthis.我原本就沒有想過這工作會有什么快樂可言。Dump.Lift.Walk.Lift.Walk.Thehoursflewby.倒、扛、走、扛、走。時間過得飛快。Saturdaymeantmostadultswereathomeontheroute.星期六意味著一路上大多數(shù)成年人會呆在家里。Sowereschool-agechildren,上學(xué)的孩子也ー樣。IthoughtthismightmeanmoreexchangesasImadetheroundstoday.我心里琢磨,這可能意味著我挨家挨戶收垃圾時可以和人們多搭上幾句話了。Manypeoplewereout-doorsworkingintheirgardensorgreenhouses,很多人在花園里或花房里干活兒。Mostlookedapproachableenough.多數(shù)人看上去是可以