考研考博-英語-德宏職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-德宏職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Deathcomesquicklyinthemountains.Eachwinterholidaymakersarecaughtunawaresastheyhappilyskiawayfromthefixedruns,littlerealizingthatasmallavalanchecansendthemcrashinginabone-breakingfalldowntheslopeandleavethemburiedundertonsofcrispwhitesnow.Therearelotsoftheoriesabouthowtoavoiddisasterwhenhitbyanavalanche.Practiceisnormallylesscheerful.

ThesnowintheSalzburgofAustriawherearecentdisastertookplacewastypicalavalanchematerial.ForseveraldaysbeforetheincidentIhadskiedlocally.Earlywintersnowwaswearingthinandcoveredwithice.Ontopofthatnew,warmerflakesweregentlyfallingtoproduceadangerouscarpet.Totheskierwhoenjoysunmarkedslopesitistemptingstuff,deepnewpowersnowonahardbase—theskiingthatdreamsaremadeofandsometimesnightmares.

Snowfallsinsectionslikeacake.Differentsectionshavedifferentdensitiesbecauseofthetemperaturesatthetimeofthefallandintheweeksafterwards.Problemscomewhenanyparticularsectionistoothickandnotstickingtothesectionbeneath.ThesnowofthepastfewweekshadbeenfallinginratherhighertemperaturesthanthoseofDecemberandearlyJanuary.Theresultoftheseconditionsisthatevenaslightincreaseinthetemperaturessendsathinstreamofwaterbetweenthenewsnowandtheold.Thenthenewsnowsimplyslidesoffthemountain.

Suchslidesarenotunexpected.Localcitizensknowtheslopeswhichtendtoavalancheandtheweatherinwhichsuchslidesarelikely.Trapsaresettocatchthesnoworpreventitslipping;bombsareplacedandexplodedfromtimetotimetosetoffsmallavalanchesbeforeabigonehastimetobuildup;andaboveall,skiersarewarnednottoskiindangerareas.

Inspiteofthis,avalancheshappeninunexpectedareasand,ofcourse,skiersignorethewarnings.Theonecomforttorecreationalskiers,however,isthatavalancheincidentsonthemarkedskislopesarequiterare.Noskiresortwantstheimageofbeingadeathtrap.

1.Eachwinterholidaymakersinthemountainscomefacetofacewithdeathbecause（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,skiingconditionsintheSalzburgareaofAustriabeforetheaccidenthappenedwere（）.

3.Inareaswhereavalanchesareknowntohappen（）.

4.Althoughaccidentsdohappen,skierswillbereasonablysafeif（）.

問題1選項

A.theyfailtorealizehowdangerousavalanchescanbe

B.theyarenotexpertenoughatskiingonthefixedruns.

C.theyaretryingtoavoidareaswhereavalancheshappen

D.theyskigreatdistancesdownthemountainsides

問題2選項

A.perfectfor,theinexperiencedskier

B.unsafebecausethenewsnowwascoveredwithice

C.typicalofconditionsresultinginavalanches

D.suitableonlyforskiinglocally

問題3選項

A.localresidentsstayindoorswhentheweatherisbad.

B.measuresaretakentopreventseriousavalanches

C.smallavalanchescaneasilybeprevented

D.skiersformthemselvesintoawalltokeepthesnowinposition

問題4選項

A.theystayontheofficiallyapprovedslopes

B.theyskionlyforpleasure

C.theyskionlyatresorts

D.theychooselesscrowdedskislope.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的二三句可知，每年的冬季假期，人們都在不知不覺中快樂地滑雪，遠離了固定的滑雪道。他們幾乎沒有意識到，小小的雪崩會讓他們從山坡上摔下來，摔斷骨頭，被埋在數(shù)噸潔白的雪里。由此可知，選項A符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“ThesnowintheSalzburgofAustriawherearecentdisastertookplacewastypicalavalanchematerial.”最近發(fā)生災難的奧地利薩爾茨堡的雪是典型的雪崩性質(zhì)。選項C與原文一致，所以正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，當?shù)鼐用裰廊菀装l(fā)生雪崩的斜坡和可能發(fā)生雪崩的天氣，人們通過設(shè)置陷阱和引爆炸彈的方法來防止雪崩；最重要的是警告滑雪者不要在危險區(qū)域滑雪。由此可知，選項B正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“Theonecomforttorecreationalskiers,however,isthatavalancheincidentsonthemarkedskislopesarequiterare.”然而，讓休閑滑雪者感到安慰的是，在指定的滑雪場發(fā)生雪崩的事件相當罕見。選項A符合原文。

2.單選題

A(n)（）entrepreneurwillseeksuccessfartherafieldandwillriskmoreintheresearchthanhismoretimidcompetitors.

問題1選項

A.adventurous

B.progressive

C.aggressive

D.impulsive

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。adventurous“愛冒險的;大膽的”;progressive“進步的;先進的”;aggressive“有進取心的;好斗的”;impulsive“沖動的;任性的”。句意:那些膽大的企業(yè)家將在更遠的地方尋求成功，并將比那些膽小的競爭對手在研究上冒更大的風險。選項A符合句意。

3.單選題

WhenthetimeforJane’s（

）came,therewasgreatsorrowinthehousehold.

問題1選項

A.separation

B.departure

C.depression

D.expedition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“離別，分別”；B選項“離開，出發(fā)”；C選項“沮喪，不景氣”；D選項“遠征，探險隊”。句意：當時間到（），整個家庭都陷入到一種沉重的悲傷中。一般親人啟程去某個地方就會產(chǎn)生悲傷，所以答案選B。A選項后面應(yīng)該填人，或者主語為復數(shù)，所以不選。

4.單選題

Heisamongthoseluckystudentswhohavewon（

）tofirst-rateuniversity.

問題1選項

A.permission

B.admittance

C.profession

D.admission

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他是那些能幸運地進入一流大學的學生中的一員。

考查近義詞辨析。permission允許，許可，一般用于givesb.permissiontodosth.允許某人做某事;admittance進入，入場權(quán)（尤指公共場所）;profession職業(yè)，聲明，宣布；admission入學，承認,錄用。因此D符合句意。

5.單選題

ParliamentaryleadersfailedtounderstandtheAmericancolonist.TheythoughttheAmericanwouldbuythecheap,legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.

InSeptember,1773,theEastIndiaCompanyPlannedtoship500,000poundsofteatotheirAmericanagentsinportsalongtheAtlanticcoast.WhenthecolonistslearnedabouttheEastIndiaCompany’splan,localteamerchantsinAmericanportsfromSouthCarolinatoMainetookstepstomeetthisattempttodrivethemoutofbusiness.TheBoltonTeaPartywasthemostviolentofthesesteps.Followingthisactofrebellion,GovernorHutchinsoncalledit“theboldeststrokewhichhadbeenstruckinAmerica.”

Parliamentrespondedtothisactofdefiancein1774bypassingaseriesofactsknownastheCoerciveActs.TheyweredesignedtopunishBostonandtoshowcoloniststhroughoutAmericathatEnglandwouldnottoleratesuchresistancetoitsauthority.

1.Accordingtothepassage,parliamentaryleaders（

）.

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

（

）.

3.WhatwastheCoerciveActs?

4.WhatdidtheAmericansdowhentheEastIndiaCompanyplannedtoshipthousandsofpoundsofteatoAmerica?

5.Theword“smuggled”mostlikelymeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.importedteafromSouthCarolina

B.weregreatteadrinkers

C.misjudgedtheAmericancolonist

D.fearedthattheywouldhavetobuycheaptea

問題2選項

A.theAmericanswantedtobuyteafromHolland

B.teainHollandwascheaperthanthatinEngland

C.thecrowdwasgrowingmorepatient

D.theAmericansagreedtotheimpositionofthetax

問題3選項

A.TheyweredesignedtohelppaythecostofprotectingthecoloniesfromtheIndians.

B.TheyweretopermittheEastIndiaCompanytoshipteadirectlytoAmericanports

C.Theywereaseriesofactsknownasthetaxontea

D.TheyweredesignedtoshowAmericansthatEnglandwouldnotbepatientwiththeirresistance

問題4選項

A.Theytriedtodrivethemoutofbusiness

B.TheymedtowelcometheteamerchantsfromtheEastIndiaCompany

C.Theywaitedforthemeetingtodiscussthetaxontea.

D.Theytriedtoacceptportdutiesonimports.

問題5選項

A.togetridof

B.tomakeunabletogetair

C.oortakesth.outofacountrywithoutpaymentoflegalduties

D.tobreakintopiecewithviolenceandnoise

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“ParliamentaryleadersfailedtounderstandtheAmericancolonist.”，可知議會領(lǐng)導人未能了解美國殖民者。下文就用具體事例說明，他們誤以為這些北美殖民者們會購買東印度公司更加便宜的茶葉?？膳袛喑鲎h會的領(lǐng)導人錯誤地判斷了美國殖民者的意圖和行為。因此選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“TheythoughttheAmericanwouldbuythecheap,legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.”，可知他們認為美國人會買便宜合法的東印度公司的茶葉，而不是購買從荷蘭走私來的更貴的茶葉。可判斷出美國人更愿意從荷蘭購買茶葉。因此選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“TheyweredesignedtopunishBostonandtoshowcoloniststhroughoutAmericathatEnglandwouldnottoleratesuchresistancetoitsauthority.”，可知他們制定這一系列強制性法案的目的是懲罰波士頓，并向美洲各地的殖民者表明，英國不會容忍這種對其權(quán)威的反抗?？膳袛喑鲋贫ù朔ò傅哪康膶嶋H上是向美國人表明，英國不會容忍他們的反抗。因此選項D符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“WhenthecolonistslearnedabouttheEastIndiaCompany’splan,localteamerchantsinAmericanportsfromSouthCarolinatoMainetookstepstomeetthisattempttodrivethemoutofbusiness.”，可知當殖民者得知東印度公司的計劃時，從南卡羅來納到緬因州的美國港口的當?shù)夭枞~商人采取一系列措施使他們破產(chǎn)?？膳袛喑霎敄|印度公司計劃向美國運送數(shù)千磅茶葉時，美國人企圖采取措施讓他們破產(chǎn)。因此選項A符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“…legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.”，可知美國人購買從荷蘭走私的更貴的茶葉，而不是合法的東印度公司的茶葉，句子中l(wèi)egal和smuggled形成對比，可知smuggled的意思為“走私的”，可將smuggle解釋為將某物輸入或輸出一個國家而不需要支付合法稅款。因此選項C符合題意。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish.

對于希望利用中國大量廉價勞動力的國內(nèi)外企業(yè)來說，多年來，中國沿海制造業(yè)中心一直是生產(chǎn)基地的上上之選。然而，自今年5月份以來，中國境內(nèi)勞資爭端明顯增多，加之人民幣走強以及政府采取行動遏制污染和產(chǎn)能過剩，表明這種低成本的生產(chǎn)模式己不再穩(wěn)固。

【答案】Overtheyears,China’scoastalmanufacturingcenterhasalwaysbeenthebestchoiceforproductionbasesforenterprisesathomeorabroadwhowanttotakeadvantageofthelargenumberofChinesecheaplabors.However,sinceMaythisyear,thesignificantincreaseofindustrialdisputes,theappreciationofRMBaswellastheactionsadaptedbygovernmentsinordertocurbpollutionandexcesscapacityshowthatthiskindofproductionpatterninlowcostisnolongerstable.

7.單選題

Hehadbeen（）toappearincourtonchargesofincitementoflawbreaking.

問題1選項

A.illuminated

B.summoned

C.prevailed

D.trailed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。illuminate“照亮，照射，闡明，啟發(fā)”；summon“召喚，傳喚，請求”；prevail“流行，盛行，獲勝”；trail“拖，曳”。句意：他因為被控告為違法煽動（民眾）而被傳喚到法庭。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

（

）inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,000.

問題1選項

A.Judgedthebest

B.Judgingthebest

C.Tobejudgedthebest

D.Havingjudgedthebest

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。動詞judge和句子主語thethreestudents是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，后面有完整的主謂賓，所以使用表示被動意義的過去分詞。排除B，D選項。由于judge表示的動作在主句動詞award之前，因此可以排除選項C，所以A選項正確。

9.單選題

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebread-winner'sdeath.

問題1選項

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】atthecostof

以...為代價；onthevergeof瀕臨于,

接近于；asaresultof因此,

由于；forthesakeof為了。句意：人壽保險為被保者的家屬提供經(jīng)濟保障,

以防止因養(yǎng)家糊口的人去世而造成的損失。選項C符合句意。

10.單選題

ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe______fromfalltowinter.

問題1選項

A.transmission

B.transformation

C.transition

D.transfer

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項transmission“傳動裝置，傳遞，傳送”，B項transformation“轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)換，改革”，C項transition“過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變”，D項transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)接，移交”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息fromfalltowinter“從秋天到冬天”可知，空格處填入transition“過渡”符合句子語境。句意：季節(jié)的變化有很多我喜歡的地方，但我最喜歡的時間是秋冬之交。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

11.翻譯題

Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointswheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforall,peoplewillhavetoacceptmore“unnaturalfood”.

【答案】直到人類意識到把人口減到一半，直到能使地球能為所有人提供足夠的食物，否則人們將必須接受更多的“人造食品”。

12.單選題

SincethefirstsettlersfromEnglandhadarrivedinVirginiaintheseventeenthcentury,independencefortheUnitedStateswasalongtimecoming.ButevenifEnglandhadnotgiventhecoloniescauseforrebellion,therewouldprobablyhavebeenaseparationfromthemothercountry,fortherootsofAmericanindependencelayinthecharacteroftheAmericancolonists.AnypeoplewhowouldwillinglyforsakethecomfortsandsafetyoftheOldWorldtowrestahomefromthewildernessintherawNewWorldwouldnevertakekindlytoareinontheirliberties.AndEnglandassuredlydidstirthecoloniststorebellionbyitsWritsofAssistance,StampAct,andtaxontea.Further,manyofthecolonistshadneverseenEngland,eitherbeingdescendantsofEnglishsettlersorcomingfromfamiliesrootedinothernations;thus,thetiestoEnglandweretenuousatbest.

Aswithanyexplosivesituation,however,ittookasingleacttoignitethepowderkeg.Thelightforthefusewassupplied"whenEngland'staxedteawasthrownoverboardfromshipsinBostonHarborinDecemberof1773inwhatiscalledtheBostonTeaParty.Englanddemandedpayment,anditsBostonPortActproposedtoclosetheharboruntiltheteawaspaidfor."Withthis,allthirteencoloniesflared.Theysaw,clearly,thatBoston'sfatecouldbetheirown,andthatBoston'sfightwastheirfight.Alone,nocolonycouldprevailagainstEngland.Together,theyhadafightchance.ThemovementtounitebeganatanunofficialsessionoftheVirginiaHouseofBurgessesonMay27,1774.BySeptemberofthissameyeartheFirstContinentalCongressmetandforcedthenucleusofaunion.ThedelegatesagreedtoboycottBritishgoods.BeforetheSecondContinentalCongresscouldholditsfirstmeetingonMay10,1775,theAmericanRevolutionhadbegun.WiththeshotsexchangedbetweenthecolonistsandtheBritishatLexingtonandConcordonApril19,1775,thenationexplodedintowar.ByJunetheAmericanshadanarmywithGeorgeWashingtonasitscommanderinchief.Byspringof1776allthirteencoloniesdelegatestoCongressfeltkeenlythemandateofthepeople.TheSecondContinentalCongressmetinPhiladelphiainJuneandformedacommitteetodrawupaDeclarationofIndependence.ThomasJeffersonwasappointedbythecommitteetodrafttheDeclaration.TheDeclarationasweknowittodaywasunanimouslyadoptedonJuly4,andwassignedonAugust2,1776.

TheDeclarationofIndependencecontainedfiveofthemostearthshakingwordseverwritten,“...allmenarecreatedequal.”Notsincethesigningof...England'sMagnaCartain1215hadsuchanastonishingideafounditswayintothepublicconsciousness.Thedocumenthasoftenbeenconfusedwithadeclarationofwar,whichitdefinitelywasnot,sincewashadexistedbeforeJuly4,1776.ItwasprimarilyastatementofthereasonstotheworldofthecolonistsforwishingindependencefromEngland:Astheworldtookheed,thephrase“...allmenarecreatedequal”stuckinmen'smindsandcouldnotbedislodged.ThefervorforfreedomflamedinFrancewherethatnation'sfirstgreatrevolutionbeganin1789,foughtunderthebannerof“Liberty,Equality,andFraternity.”Later,PresidentAbrahamLincolnwastosay,“IhaveofteninquiredofmyselfwhatgreatprincipleorideaitwasthatkeptthisConfederacysolongtogether.ItwasnotthemerematteroftheseparationoftheColoniesfromthemotherland;butthatsentimentintheDeclarationofIndependencewhichgaveliberty,notalonetothepeopleofthiscountry,but,Ihope,totheworld,forallfuturetime.”

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theseparationfromEnglandwas（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

3.Theword"boycott"inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

4.Whatcanyoulearnfromthelastparagraph?

5.Wecaninferthat（）.

6.Theword"document"inline3ofthelastparagraphrefersto（）.

7.Theword"motherland"refersto（）.

問題1選項

A.inevitable

B.avoidable

C.doomedtofailure

D.reconcilable

問題2選項

A.ThethirteenstatesusedtobecoloniesofEngland.

B.ThomasJeffersonwasappointedtodrafttheDeclarationofIndependence.

C.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasactuallyadeclarationofwar.

D.GeorgeWashingtonwasthecommanderinchiefoftheAmericanarmy.

問題3選項

A.Tobewillingtoaccept

B.Tohesitatetotake

C.Tobreak

D.Torefusetobuy

問題4選項

A.TheDeclarationofIndependencecontained"allmenarecreatedequal".

B.AbrahamLincolnspokehighlyofthedocument.

C.TheDeclarationofIndependencehasafar-reachinginfluenceontheworld.

D.Peoplewerefrightenedbythefivewords.

問題5選項

A.BostonTeaPartystartedthemovementofindependence

B.theDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedin1215

C.Englandwantedtomakemoneybygoverningthecolonists

D.ThomasJeffersonbecameawritereversincehewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence

問題6選項

A.England'sMagnaCarta

B.DeclarationofIndependence

C.anastonishingidea

D.wayintothepublicconsciousness

問題7選項

A.America

B.Union

C.Colonies

D.England

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第二句“ButevenifEnglandhadnotgiventhecoloniescauseforrebellion,therewouldprobablyhavebeenaseparationfromthemothercountry...”即使英國沒有激發(fā)殖民地的起義,美國也很可能會從英國分裂出去,也就是說,美國的獨立是無法避免的。選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Thedocumenthasoftenbeenconfusedwithadeclarationofwar,whichitdefinitelywasnot,...”可知,選項C不正確。

3.根據(jù)上文可知,波士頓傾茶運動是殖民地對英國感到不滿,由此引發(fā)殖民地團結(jié)起來反抗英國。所以,他們對英國的商品是抵制的態(tài)度,選項D最符合原文語境。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,選項A是原文中的事實；選項C中根據(jù)林肯總統(tǒng)說的hope可推斷出《獨立宣言》暫時只是對美國產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響,還沒有影響到世界；選項D表述錯誤；選項B林肯總統(tǒng)對《獨立宣言》給予了高度的評價,符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第二段前半部分可知,波士頓茶黨是對殖民地進行反抗,沒有涉及到獨立,所以選項A不正確；根據(jù)原文可知,《獨立宣言》是于1776年起草的,1215年頒布的是英國的《大憲章》,所以選項B也錯誤；選項D在文中沒有提及；選項C英國想通過統(tǒng)治殖民者來賺錢,正確。

6.根據(jù)上下文可知,人們常常將這個文件和《宣戰(zhàn)書》混為一談,實際上它并不是。由此可知,這個文件指的是《獨立宣言》

7.根據(jù)原文可知,這里指美國從英國獨立出來,所以“motherland”指的是英國,選項D正確。

13.填空題

A:Didyouhaveaniceholiday?

B:No,Itwas（1）!Itrainedalmosteverydayandwe（2）hardlyeatthe

foodatthehotel.

A:I’m（3）tohearthat.Betterlucknexttime!

【答案】1.awful

2.could

3.sorry

【解析】1.語義題。Awful糟糕的,可怕的。

2.語法題。此句已有謂語動詞eat,因此此處填情態(tài)動詞could比較合適。

3.常用語。I’msorrytohearthat很遺憾聽到這個消息。

14.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.

Thereallycriticalimplicationofthediscoverystilllieswiththedoorthatgeneticistshaveopenedontheenvironmentalinfluencesofourbehavior,ourpersonalitiesandourhealth,andforthecriticalblowitstrikestheideaofbiologicaldeterminism.

41.Forthepastdecade,thepublichaswitnessedarisingepidemicoftalesofdiscoveriesofgenesthatdisposehumanitytohomosexuality,toalcoholism,topoliticalpersuasion,torunningability,andtoartistictaste.

Butevenbeforeyesterday’srevelationsbyVenter,scientistshadstoppedbelievinginthegaygene.Yetbeliefinitsexistencestillpersistsamongthepublic.42.Theassaultonbiologicaldeterminismthatgeneticistshavenowtriggeredwillbetimely,andhumannatureisalotmorecomplexandintriguingthandeterministshavegivenitcreditfor.

IthasbecomeincreasinglyfashionableforindividualsparticularlyintheUnitedStatestoblameactionsandcrimesontheinfluenceoftheirgenes.SeveralUSdefendantsaccusedofviolentcrimeshavearguedthattheywereinnocentvictimsoftheirgenes.43.Inotherwords,geneticpredestinationcouldsoonhavebeenusedtoexcusemurderorrobbery—ifithadnotbeenforthisdiscoverythatwelackthegenestothusdisposeus!

KevinDaviesistheauthorof“TheSequence”,astoryofthehumangenomerace.Hesaid.44.“Therehasbeenarecentstudyonperfectpitch,theabilitytoknowtheabsolutepitchofamusicalnote,thatstronglysuggeststhatisacquiredthroughtheinheritanceofasinglegene.”“Thatmaysoundlikeaclear-cutpieceofbiologicaldeterminism.However,thereisacrucialcorollaryyouhavetobeexposedtoearlymusicaltrainingfortheabilitytomaterialize.Inotherwords,eveninseeminglysimpleinheritedabilities,nurturehasaroletoplay.”

AndthenthereisthecasequotedbyVenter.Taketheexampleofcolon(結(jié)腸)cancer.Peoplesaythereisagenethatpredisposesustothedisease.Andcertainlyitrunsinfamilies.45.However,itisonlythecolonwherewefindallsortsoftoxinsandbacteriathatprovidetheharshcircumstancesthatfinallycausethatgenetobreakdownandforcancertospread.

Inshort,itisnotacoloncancergenebutagenethataffectsourabilitytorespondtotheenvironment.Andthatiswhathumannatureisallabout.

【答案】41.近十年來，有關(guān)基因發(fā)現(xiàn)的傳聞漫天飛。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)稱，基因與人的同性戀傾向、酗酒、政治信仰和奔跑能力、藝術(shù)鑒賞力等都息息相關(guān)。

42.遺傳學家現(xiàn)在對生物決定論的攻擊是及時的，而且人類的本性遠比決定論者想象的更加復雜和迷人。

43.換句話說，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)缺少基因的數(shù)量可以用來證明基因不能夠控制我們的行為，某些人便會利用基因決定論來洗刷他們謀殺和搶劫的罪名。

44.最近有一項關(guān)于音調(diào)辨別能力的研究，即判斷音符絕對音高的能力。該研究結(jié)果明顯表明完美音高是通過單純基因遺傳獲得的。

45.但只有在結(jié)腸部位，才能夠找到構(gòu)成病變環(huán)境的各種毒素和細菌，它們會導致該基因最終損壞，致使癌細胞擴散。

15.單選題

AccordingtoaUnitedStateslawpassedin1986,statesparticipatingindaylightsavingtime（）advancetheirclocksonehouronthelastSundayinApril.

問題1選項

A.conceptually

B.systematically

C.simultaneously

D.purposefully

【答案】C

【解析】conceptually概念地；systematically有系統(tǒng)地；simultaneously同時地；purposefully有目的地。句意：根據(jù)1986年通過的一項美國法律,在4月的最后一個星期天,參加夏令時的州同時把他們的時鐘撥快一個小時。選項C符合句意。

16.單選題

Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.Socloseistherelationshipthatpoliticiansseekingtopersuadevotersthattheyarepromotingeconomicgrowthuse"science"and"innovation"almostinterchangeably.Butlaudableasitisinitsownright,doespromotingmathsandsciencerepresentthebestwaytostimulatefutureinnovation?

ChrisBudd,anappliedmathematicianatBathUniversityinBritain,pointstothemathematicalfoundationsofthecommercialworld:theinternet,computers,mobilephones,modernmedicineandeventransportsystems.Theseemploybranchesofmathematicsthatwereconsideredobscureuntilrecentlybuthavefoundapplicationsinareassuchasbuildingsearchengines,heargues.Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.Andasgovernmentshavesoughttopromotebusiness,theyhaveencourageduniversitiestoestablishspin-offcompaniesandtobuildpartnershipswithotherfledglingorganizationsseekingtodevelopnewproductsandnewprocesses,whichhashelpedtogeneratewealth.

Thatmayallbetrue,butitisnotsufficient,saysChrisTrimble,whoco-wrote"TheOtherSideofInnovation:SolvingtheExecutionChallenge"withVijayGovindarajan,bothofwhomconductresearchintoinnovationatTuckSchoolofBusinessatDartmouthCollegeinAmerica.Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.Thereisasurfeitofbrightideasbutnotenoughwherewithaltoimplementthem.

Yettheabilitytocreatewealthnotonlydependsonusingtoolsthatwerescientificallydesigned;italsorequirespeopletothinkbothcreativelyandincold,calculatingways.TomisquoteThomasEdison,innovationis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.Timethen,mentally,torollupyoursleeves.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayknowthatmanyinnovations（

）.

2.Theworld“l(fā)audable”inPara.1probablymeant

（

）.

3.“It”inPara.1(thelastsentence)mayreferto

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaboutChrisBudd?

5.ToChrisTrimble,educationofmathsandscience（

）.

問題1選項

A.areengenderedbymathsandscience

B.bringconvenientlifetomodernpeople

C.countmostforpoliticianstogainvotes

D.leaddirectlytoworldeconomicgrowth

問題2選項

A.understandable

B.praiseworthy

C.believable

D.feasible

問題3選項

A.modernsociety

B.promotionofeconomy

C.scienceandinnovation

D.importanceofmathsandscience

問題4選項

A.HeworksinaBritishuniversityasanappliedmathematician.

B.Hefirmlybelievesthatmathematicswillgenerateneweconomicactivity.

C.Hemaythinkthatitislogicaltoexpectinnovationstocomeoutofuniversities.

D.Hearguesforthepromotionofmathsandsciencetofosterfutureinnovations.

問題5選項

A.provessufficienttostimulatefutureinnovation

B.meanslittlecomparedwithtargetedincentives

C.islessimportantthanmanagementeducation

D.servesastheunderpinningofeconomicproductivity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.（數(shù)學和科學無疑是許多創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)。事實上，它們是現(xiàn)代社會的基礎(chǔ)，從人們使用的小工具到人們相互交流和思考的方式）可知A選項“由數(shù)學和科學產(chǎn)生”符合題意。

第2題:詞義題。understandable意為“能懂的，可理解的”；praiseworthy意為“值得稱贊的，值得表揚的”；believable意為“可信的”；feasible意為“可行的”。由Butlaudableasitisinitsownright（數(shù)學和科學對于創(chuàng)新很重要，盡管這值得稱贊）可知選B。

第3題:詞義題。文章第一段開篇就提出數(shù)學和科學支撐著很多創(chuàng)新，它們是現(xiàn)代社會的基礎(chǔ)，因此可以推測主要是講述數(shù)學與科學的重要性，故選D。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵此詞ChrisBudd定位至文章第二段，由Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.（很難預測哪一項新的科學進步會產(chǎn)生新的經(jīng)濟活動，但科學卻能提高生產(chǎn)力）可知B選項“他堅信數(shù)學將產(chǎn)生新的經(jīng)濟活動”表述過于絕對，不符合原句表達的含義。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ChrisTrimble定位至文章第三段，由Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.（當然，數(shù)學和科學可以刺激未來的創(chuàng)新，但推廣這些學科并不一定是帶來變革的最佳方式。他列舉了有針對性的公共和私人激勵措施。在他看來，支出——最重要的是——更好的管理是更有力的替代方案。他認為，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技術(shù)教育）可知選C。

17.單選題

You______himsoclosely,youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.

問題1選項

A.couldn’thavebeenfollowing

B.shouldn’thavebeenfollowing

C.shouldn’tfollow

D.mustn’tfollow

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：你______跟他那么近，你應(yīng)該跟他保持距離的。這里指的是應(yīng)該保持距離，不應(yīng)該那么近，句子前面部分和后面部分表達同一個意思，根據(jù)后面youshould可知前面對應(yīng)的是you，C選項shouldn’tfollow正確。B選項shouldn’thavebeenfollowing“本不應(yīng)該被跟”不符合語境。A選項couldn’thavebeenfollowing和D選項mustn’tfollow中情態(tài)詞不對應(yīng)，表達的意思不同。因此C選項正確。

18.單選題

Asculturesaremergedandtraditionslost,immigrantswillcometobeassimilated.

問題1選項

A.eliminated

B.revoked

C.modified

D.blended

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。merge表示“合并，融合”。A項eliminate“消除”，B項revoke“撤回，取消”，C項modify“修飾”，D項blend“混合，協(xié)調(diào)”；句意：隨著文化的融合和傳統(tǒng)的喪失，移民將會被同化。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

19.寫作題

InthecourseoftheScientificRevolution,attentionwaspaidtotheproblemofestablishingthepropermeanstoexamineandunderstandthephysicalrealm.Thiscreationofascientificmethodwascrucialtotheevolutionofscienceinthemodernworld.Curiouslyenough,itwasanEnglishmanwithfewscientificcredentialswhoattemptedtoputforthanewmethodofacquiringknowledgethatmadeanimpactonEnglishscientistsintheseventeenthcenturyandotherEuropeanscientistsintheeighteenthcentury.FrancisBacon(1561-1626),alawyerandlordchancellor,rejectedCopemicusandKepletandmisunderstoodGalileo.AndyetinhisunfinishedworkTheGreatInstonararion(TheGreatRestoration),hecalledforhiscontemporaries"tocommenceatotalreconstructionofsciences,arts,andallhumanknowledge,raisedupontheproperfoundations."Bacondidnotdoubthumans’abilitytoknowthenaturalworld,buthebelievedthattheyhadproceededincorrectly"Theentirefabricofhumanreasonwhichweemployintheinquisitio