考研考博-英語-廣東海洋大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東海洋大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Whenproprietaryinformationisaconcern,rememberthatnondisclosureagreementsmaybeapartofone’sspecifications,andthatfirmsmaybeevaluatedbasedontheircompliance.Whilevitaltechnologiesandproductdevelopmentplansmustbeprotected,foreignsourcingpartnersmusthaveadequateinformationtoenablethemtoperformtospecifications.Iftheinformationissimplytoosensitivetoshare,thatmaybeanargumentformakingthe“make”decisionratherthan“buy”inconsideringoutsourcingattheoutset.

【答案】

當(dāng)涉及到專有信息時(shí)，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)記：保密協(xié)議可作為個(gè)人規(guī)范的一部分，并可基于協(xié)議的遵守情況評(píng)估公司。盡管關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品研發(fā)計(jì)劃必須受到保護(hù)，但是國外的采購合作商也必須擁有足夠的信息才能按照規(guī)格操作。如果這些信息太敏感而無法共享，這可能說明，在開始考慮外包時(shí)，需做出“制造”而不是“購買”的決定。

2.單選題

Yes,it’sahackneyedphrase,butpoliticsistheartofthepossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trite

B.haggard

C.poundage

D.sighted

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)trite“陳腐的，平庸的，老一套的”；B選項(xiàng)haggard“憔悴的，野性的，（鷹）未馴服的”；C選項(xiàng)poundage“按每磅收取的手續(xù)費(fèi)或稅金，磅重總數(shù)”；D選項(xiàng)sighted“有視力的，不盲的”。句意：是的，這是一個(gè)陳詞濫調(diào)，但政治是可能的藝術(shù)。Hackneyed“陳腐的，平庸的”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Blackholesaren’texactlypoliteeaters.

Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.Scientistshavepreviouslyseenablackholeconsumeastar,andthey’vealsoseenblackholesspewsuperheatedmatter,butthisisthefirsttimethey’veseenbotheventsoccursocloselytogether.Viewingthisparticulardisappearingactatthecenterofanearbygalaxyhasshedlightonapreviouslytheoreticalphenomenonandbroughtresearchersclosertounderstandingthephysicsofblackholes.

EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.UsingacombinationofX-ray,radioandopticalsignals,theteamtrackedthestar’sdemiseacrossmultiplewavelengths,whichallowedthemtopiecetogetheramorecompletepictureofwhathappenswhenablackholesnacksonastar.

JetsofX-rayandgammarayradiationemanatingfromblackholeshavebeendocumentedbefore,butneverasadirectresultofastarbeingconsumed.Blackholesperiodicallyemitparticlesfromaccretiondisks,orringsofparticlescaughtintheirgravitationalpull.Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.So,whenresearchersnoticedanabruptspikeinactivityaroundtheblackholebackin2014,theyknewtheywereabouttowatchsomethingspecial.Thesizeandintensityoftheflareruledoutthepossibilitythatitwascausedbytheblackhole’saccretiondisk,leavingfewotherpossibilities.

“Previouseffortstofindevidenceforthesejets,includingmyown,werelatetothegame,”vanVelzensaidinanewsrelease.

Becausetheycaughttheblackholeintheactthistime,researcherswereabletoconfirmthetheorythatblackholesemitflaresofradiationintheprocessofconsuminglargequantitiesofmatter.Whilethisphenomenonisstilllargelyamystery,itisthoughtthatthejetsarecausedbymagneticfieldsinteractingwiththeparticlesswirlingaroundablackhole.TheteampublishedtheirfindingsinthejournalScience.

“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”

13.Itisthefirsttimethatscientistshavewitnessed（）.

14.SinceDecember2014,professorvanVelzenandhisteamhaveobservedandtracked（）.

15.Beforethisobservation,scientistsdidn’tknow（）.

16.AccordingtoprofessorvanVelzen,theoryabouttheeventsis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ablackholeconsumeslargequantitiesofmatter

B.ablackholespewsuperheatedmatters

C.ablackholeconsumingastarandemittingradiation

D.ablackholeinteractswithanotherone

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ablackholedevouringastarbiggerthanthesun

B.ablackhole300millionyearsfromEarth

C.thedevelopmentoftheblackholeforyears

D.theprocessofthestarbeingdevoured

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.blackholescanemitgammarayradiation

B.blackholescanemitX-rayradiation

C.blackholesemitsradiationswhenconsumingstars

D.blackholeshaveabruptspikeinactivityarounditself

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.complicated

B.innovate

C.mature

D.embryonic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】13.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“firsttime”可以定位到文章第二段第一句Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.（科學(xué)家首次觀測(cè)到一個(gè)黑洞吞噬了一顆恒星，并在吞噬恒星時(shí)撕裂了等離子體的“飽嗝”——這是一個(gè)極其罕見的發(fā)現(xiàn)。），這里的“飽嗝”指的是黑洞吞噬了恒星后發(fā)出了輻射。因此C選項(xiàng)“黑洞吞噬了一顆恒星并發(fā)出輻射”正確。A選項(xiàng)“黑洞會(huì)消耗大量的物質(zhì)”，B選項(xiàng)“黑洞噴出熱物質(zhì)”，D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)黑洞與另一個(gè)黑洞相互影響”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“professorvanVelzen”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.（自從俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的研究人員在2014年12月注意到一顆與太陽差不多大小的恒星被拉入黑洞后，約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)的SjoertvanVelzen教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)就把目光鎖定在了這個(gè)距離地球約3億光年的饑餓黑洞上。在幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，vanVelzen的團(tuán)隊(duì)看著黑洞從這顆注定要?dú)绲暮阈侵形∥镔|(zhì)，直到它被完全吞噬。），說明自從2014年12月以來，vanVelzen教授及其團(tuán)隊(duì)觀察并跟蹤了黑洞吞噬恒星的過程。因此D選項(xiàng)“恒星被吞噬的過程”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)黑洞吞噬了一顆比太陽還大的恒星”，由原文可知，這顆恒星與太陽差不多大，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“距離地球3億年的黑洞”，由原文可知這個(gè)黑洞距離地球約3億光年，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“觀察了好幾年黑洞的發(fā)展”，由原文可知，他們觀察的時(shí)間是幾個(gè)月，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

15.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第三、四句Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.（有人曾假設(shè)，如果一個(gè)巨大的物體，比如一顆恒星，被拖進(jìn)黑洞，也會(huì)發(fā)生類似的輻射。然而，科學(xué)家們從未能夠觀察到這樣的事件。），說明在這次觀測(cè)之前，科學(xué)家們并不知道黑洞在吞噬恒星時(shí)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生輻射。因此C選項(xiàng)“黑洞吞噬恒星時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出輻射”正確。A選項(xiàng)“黑洞可以發(fā)出伽馬射線輻射”，B選項(xiàng)“黑洞能發(fā)出X射線輻射”，D選項(xiàng)“黑洞在自身周圍有突然的活動(dòng)峰值”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

16.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”（“一顆恒星被黑洞毀滅的過程是非常復(fù)雜的，而且遠(yuǎn)未被理解，”vanVelzen說。“從我們的觀察中，我們了解到，恒星碎片流可以組織起來，并相當(dāng)迅速地形成噴射流，這對(duì)構(gòu)建這些事件的完整理論非常有價(jià)值。”），說明vanVelzen教授認(rèn)為關(guān)于這些事件的理論還處于初級(jí)階段。因此D選項(xiàng)“萌芽階段”正確。A選項(xiàng)“復(fù)雜”，B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)新”，C選項(xiàng)“成熟”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

4.單選題

Becausemytoothwasbadlydecayed,thedentisthadto（

）it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extricate

B.exterminate

C.eradicate

D.extract

【答案】D

【解析】句意:因?yàn)槲业闹篮車?yán)重,牙醫(yī)不得不拔掉它。

考查形近詞辨析。Extricate使解脫,解救;exterminate消滅,根除;eradicate鏟除;extract拔出,拔(牙)。

5.單選題

Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeteriorates(變壞)astheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquent(犯法的)andsexuallyprecocious(早熟).Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.

Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.

Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises(大樓及附屬建筑物).ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporal(肉體的)punishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Nevertheless,banningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremises,atleastnotinfrontofchildren.

1.Inthispassagetheauthorputsanemphasison______.

2.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncharacteristicofyoungsmokers?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thewriterconcludesthatschoolrulestoforbidsmoking______.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardshiswritingis______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theeffectofsmokingamongchildren

B.thedifficultyinpreventingchildrenfromsmoking

C.thereasonswhychildrenstartsmokingamongchildren

D.themeasurestobansmokingamongchildren

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Disobedience.

B.Laziness.

C.Lackofintelligence.

D.Vanity.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Somechildrenstarttosmokeoutofcuriosity.

B.Manychildrenstarttosmokebecausetheywanttoappearmature.

C.Inordertohavefewerchildrensmokers,parents,teachersandhealthcareworkersshouldnotsmoke.

D.Itisnotasdifficulttopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokeastodissuadeadultsfromsmoking.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbeintroduced,foritreallyworksattheschoolwhereheoncestudied

B.shouldnotbeintroduced,foritmaycausedisturbance

C.shouldbeintroducedthoughitmaynotworkeffectively

D.needn’tbeintroducedaslongasteachersdon’tsmokeinfrontofchildren

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.emotional

C.critical

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭介紹了吸煙兒童的特點(diǎn)，接著介紹了導(dǎo)致兒童吸煙的因素，最后指出防止兒童吸煙非常困難，需要各界做出許多努力，結(jié)合全文可知文章的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是放在防止兒童吸煙的困難上的。因此B選項(xiàng)“防止兒童吸煙的困難”正確。A選項(xiàng)“兒童吸煙的影響”，C選項(xiàng)“兒童開始吸煙的原因”，D選項(xiàng)“禁止兒童吸煙的措施”均不是文章的重點(diǎn)，需要A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious（與不吸煙的人相比，他們更叛逆），說明吸煙的兒童更叛逆，更不聽話。因此A選項(xiàng)“不聽話”正確。B選項(xiàng)“懶惰”，C選項(xiàng)“缺少智慧”，D選項(xiàng)“虛榮”在文中均沒有提及，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“有些孩子開始吸煙是出于好奇心”，B選項(xiàng)“許多孩子開始吸煙是因?yàn)樗麄兿腼@得成熟”，由原文Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood（這些因素包括是否有香煙、好奇心、叛逆、顯得強(qiáng)硬、對(duì)成年的期待）可知，好奇心和想顯得成熟屬于兒童吸煙的原因，A,B選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除A,B。C選項(xiàng)“為了讓更少的兒童吸煙，父母、教師和衛(wèi)生保健人員不應(yīng)該吸煙”，由原文Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.（權(quán)威人士，特別是父母、衛(wèi)生保健工作者和教師樹立的榜樣至關(guān)重要。）可知，C選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除C。D選項(xiàng)“防止兒童開始吸煙并不像勸阻成人吸煙那樣困難”，由原文Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.（防止兒童開始吸煙應(yīng)該比說服成年人戒掉吸煙的習(xí)慣要容易得多，但事實(shí)證明這是非常困難的。）可知，防止兒童開始吸煙比勸阻成年人吸煙更困難，D選項(xiàng)不符合原文，所以本題選D。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三、四句Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises.ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporalpunishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.（校規(guī)應(yīng)該禁止兒童在校內(nèi)吸煙。這條規(guī)定已被引入夏山學(xué)校，在那里我推行了我的規(guī)定，甚至在那些試圖通過體罰來強(qiáng)制禁止吸煙的學(xué)校，吸煙的人數(shù)也和其他學(xué)校一樣多。），說明禁止吸煙的校規(guī)可能作用不大，但作者還是堅(jiān)持引入這條規(guī)定。因此C選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該引入，盡管它可能不會(huì)有效地發(fā)揮作用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該實(shí)行，因?yàn)檫@在他曾經(jīng)就讀的學(xué)校里確實(shí)有效”，B選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該實(shí)行，因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)引起騷亂”，D選項(xiàng)“只要教師不在孩子面前吸煙，就不需要引入”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。結(jié)合全文可知，文章客觀分析了吸煙兒童的特點(diǎn)、原因，和為了防止兒童吸煙可以采取的措施，整篇文章的態(tài)度是客觀的，不帶有主觀褒貶或個(gè)人感情色彩。因此A選項(xiàng)“客觀的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“感性的”，C選項(xiàng)“批判的”，D選項(xiàng)“無動(dòng)于衷的”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

6.單選題

Thecaptainoften（

）responsibilitytohissubordinates,soastohavetimetodotheimportanttaskshimself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.analyzed

B.respected

C.criticized

D.assigned

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。analyze“分析，解釋”；respect“尊敬，尊重”；criticize“批評(píng)”；assign“分派，選派，分配”；根據(jù)句意‘船長經(jīng)常將任務(wù)（

）下屬，以便自己有時(shí)間去做更重要的工作?！_定D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thetwomostimportant______inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)element“元素，基礎(chǔ)”，指一個(gè)整體中最基本、不可缺少的或固有的成分；B選項(xiàng)component“組成部分，成分”，指一個(gè)整體的組成部分；C選項(xiàng)ingredient“成分，(尤指烹飪)原料”；D選項(xiàng)constituent“選民，成分，構(gòu)成要素”指某一整體不可少的部分或成分。根據(jù)flourandsugar可知選C。句意：做蛋糕最重要的兩種原料是面粉和糖。

8.寫作題

Moreandmorepeoplearerealizingthefactthatstudentsofhumanityandartcanbenefitthemselvesalotbyattendingtoscienceorengineeringcourse,andthestudentsofscienceandengineeringcanprofitbyreferringtohumanitydisciplinessuchasliterature,linguistics,history,andartsetcTheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenartandscienceisknowntoallofus,thoughsomemanyvoicedifferentopinions.Buthowtorelatesciencetoartisabigquestionforstudents.Nowpleasegiveyourstanceorposeasaresearcherinyourareainlightofrelatingarttoscienceifyouareacceptedasapostgraduatestudent.

Youshouldsupplyatitleforyourarticlewhichshouldbeabout300wordsinlength.Inthefirstpartofyourarticleyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】ScienceandArt9.單選題

Beingbothspoiledandlazy,theboy（

）everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticized

B.blamed

C.charged

D.accused

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。criticize“批評(píng)”；blame“責(zé)備，歸咎于”；charge“控訴，告誡”；accuse“控告，譴責(zé)”。blame常與for連用；charge后跟for；accuse后接of。根據(jù)“forhislackofsuccess”可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.翻譯題

Thepricewepayforthissalutarychangeis,nodoubt,great.Weassemblethousandsofoperativeinthefactory,andinthemine,ofwhomtheemployercanknowlittleornothing,andtowhomheislittlebetterthanamyth.Allintercoursebetweenisatanend.Rigidcastesareformed,and,asusual,mutualignorancebreedsmutualdistrust.Eachcasteiswithoutsympathywiththeother,andreadytocreditanythingdisparaginginregardtoit.36.Underthelawofcompetition,theemployerofthousandsisforcedintothestrictesteconomies,amongwhichtheratespaidtolaborfigureprominently,andoftenthereisfrictionbetweentheemployerandtheemployed,betweencapitalandlabor,betweenrichandpoor.Humansocietyloseshomogeneity.

37.Thepricewhichsocietypaysforthelawofcompetition,likethepriceitpaysforcheapcomfortsandluxuries,isalsogreat,buttheadvantagesofthislawaregreaterstillthanitscost,foritistothislawthatweoweourwonderfulmaterialdevelopment,whichbringsimprovedconditionsinitstrain.Butwhetherthelawbebenignornot,wemustsayofit,aswesayofthechangeintheconditionsofmentowhichwehavereferred.

Itishere;wecannotevadeit;oftheeffectofanynewsubstitutesforitproposedwecannotbesure;38.Andwhilethelawmaybesometimeshardfortheindividual,itisbestfortherace,becauseitinsuresthesurvivalofthefittestineverydepartment.39.Weacceptandwelcome,therefore,asconditionstowhichwemustaccommodateourselves,greatinequalityofenvironment,theconcentrationofbusiness,industrialandcommercial,inthehandsofafew;andthelawofcompetitionbetweenthese,asbeingnotonlybeneficial,butessentialtothefutureprogressoftherace.Havingacceptedthese,itfollowsthattheremustbegreatscopefortheexpertiseofspecialabilityinthemerchantandinthemanufacturer,whohastoconductaffairsupongreatscale.40.Thatthistalentfororganizationandmanagementisrareamongmenisprovedbythefactthatitinvariablysecuresenormousregardsforitspossessors,nomatterwhereorunderwhatlawsorconditions.

【答案】36．在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則下，成千上萬的雇主不得不實(shí)行一些最嚴(yán)厲的措施。在這些節(jié)約措施中，付給工人的工資首當(dāng)其沖。這樣，雇主和雇員之間，勞資雙方之間以及富人和窮人之間就常有摩擦。

37．在社會(huì)中人類為了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)所付出的代價(jià)，就和為了不需要花錢就能得到的舒適和奢侈品一樣代價(jià)高昂；但是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則帶來的好處高于付出的代價(jià)，因?yàn)檎沁@種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則，經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，生活水平得到提高。

38．雖然這一法則對(duì)個(gè)體來說可能很難，但是它適用于人類，因?yàn)樗ＷC了人類在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都能適應(yīng)并生存。

39．因此，我們接受并歡迎我們必須適應(yīng)的條件，也就是工業(yè)和商業(yè)掌握在少數(shù)人手中的巨大不平等；而他們之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則不僅是良性的，而且對(duì)種族的未來發(fā)展必不可少。

40．無論在什么地方，在什么法則或條件下，具有組織管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊榮，這一事實(shí)證明了只有少數(shù)人有這種能力。

11.單選題

The

exchangeofgoodwillmissiongreatlythetwocountries（）abetterunderstandingbetween.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.carriesout

B.bringsaround

C.breaksout

D.contributesto

【答案】D

【解析】carryout指實(shí)施；bringaround指勸說；breakout指爆發(fā)；contributeto指促進(jìn),對(duì)…做出貢獻(xiàn)。句意：兩國友好使團(tuán)的交流大大促進(jìn)了兩國之間的了解。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

采取一切有效措施掃清“黃毒”，依法處理相關(guān)違法人員。

勞教制度廢止后，未觸犯刑法的違法者，將由社區(qū)采取措施進(jìn)行矯正。

醉酒駕駛機(jī)動(dòng)車的行為，要追究法律責(zé)任。

中國漁政船頻繁開赴釣魚島，維護(hù)國家的合法權(quán)益。

打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪，保護(hù)人民生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。

依法行政是實(shí)現(xiàn)“中國夢(mèng)”的根本性制度保障。

【答案】Takealleffectivemeasurestoclearawaythepornographyanddrugsanddealwiththerelevantpersonswhobreaklawsinaccordancewiththelaw.

Aftertheabolishmentofthesystemofreeducationthroughlabor,thecommunitywilltakemeasurestocorrectthelawbreakerswhodonotviolatethecriminallaw.

Todriveamotorvehicleaftergettingdrunkshallbeinvestigatedforlegalresponsibility.

ChinesefisheryadministrationvesselsfrequentlysetoutforDiaoyuislandstosafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofourcountry.

Crackdownnetworkcrimeandprotectpeople'slivesandproperty.

Toadministerourgovernmentaccordingtolawisanessentialinstitutionalguaranteeforrealizingthe"Chinesedream".

13.單選題

Youmay（

）earlyasyouhavetocatchanearlytraintomorrow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.remain

B.reverse

C.retreat

D.retire

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。remain意為“保留”；reverse意為“顛倒，翻轉(zhuǎn)”；retreat意為“撤退，離開”；retire意為“退休”。

句意：你可能要早點(diǎn)離開了，因?yàn)槟忝髟邕€要去趕火車。

14.單選題

Itseemsverydifficult______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tostopthechildtocry

B.stoppingthechildtocry

C.stopthechildcrying

D.tostopthechildcrying

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tostopthechildtocry去阻止孩子哭B.stoppingthechildtocry阻止孩子哭

C.stopthechildcrying阻止孩子哭D(zhuǎn).tostopthechildcrying去阻止孩子哭

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞difficult（困難的）可知，difficulttodosth.是固定搭配，表示“做某事是困難的”，而stopdoing/todosth.也是固定搭配，但是stopdoingsth.表示“停止正在做的事情”，stoptodosth.是“停止正在干的事情去干另一件”；根據(jù)選項(xiàng)意思可知，空格處應(yīng)該表示“阻止孩子哭”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配；

A項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。

【句意】似乎很難讓這孩子不哭。

15.單選題

Theyhadtoeata(n)（

）meal,ortheywouldbetoolatefortheconcert.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.temporary

B.hasty

C.immediate

D.urgent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。temporary“暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的”；hasty“匆忙的，輕率的”；immediate“立即的，直接的”；urgent“緊急的，急迫的”。

句意：他們只能急匆匆地吃了飯，不然音樂會(huì)他們就會(huì)遲到了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Afterthestormcausedrawsewagetoseepintothegroundwater,theWaterDepartmenthadtotakemeasuresto（

）thecity’swatersupply.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refine

B.revive

C.freshen

D.decontaminate

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。refine“提煉，改善；revive“使復(fù)活，使恢復(fù)，使振奮”；freshen“使新鮮，使清爽，使有精神”；decontaminate“凈化，去除污染”，根據(jù)句意‘在風(fēng)暴導(dǎo)致未處理的污水滲入地下水后，供水部門必須采取措施（

）該市供水?！_定D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Webeganwithanexperiment.Themanaskedmetomakeadrawingonablankpieceofpaper.ImadeasketchofacreatureIhadinventedsometimeagotoamusemychildren.WhenIhadfinished,heaskedmetocoverthedrawingwithmyhand.ThenheaskedmetoconcentratehardandtotrytotransmitthethoughtofwhatIhadsketchedAminutewentbywithnoresult.Heshookhishead,"itseemsverycomplicated:isitakindofamoeba?"Slowlyandhesitantlyhebegantodrawthecreature’srightear-thespotwhereI’vealwaysbeginthedrawing.“you’vegotit.”Isaid."Goon!"Hecompletedthedrawingquickly.IhadcarefullyredrawnthepictureinmymindasItriedtotransmitit—whichprobablyaccountsfortheidenticalstartingpoint.

Themanthendemonstratedotherpower.Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal.Hehadalittletroubletryingtobreakmycarkey.However,heplaceditagainstametalradiator,andafterafewseconds,said,46Itisstartingtogo.Thekeysnappedintwo.

Thenhetriedtotransmitapicturetomebytelepathy.Iattemptedtomakemymindreceptive,butnoimagecameintoit.Feelingratherembarrassed,Ijustdrewthefirstthingthatcameintomyhead:checkmark.Themanshowedmethepieceofpaperhewasholding.ItcontainedamirrorimageofthesymbolIhaddrawn.Itcouldbesignificantinthisconnectionthatthemanisleft-handed.

AfterIlefttheroom,Ibegantosiftmyimpressions.Onlythedaybefore,anacquaintancehadwarnedmetowatchcarefullyforsleight-of-handtricks,especiallyasthemanhadearlierbeenastageconjuror.Ihadtoadmitthatmostofthethingshaddonecouldhavebeentricks.Forinstance,snappingthekeyswithhisfingersandalteringthehandsanddateonmywatchwiththewinderwouldhavebeenwellwithintheabilityofaskilledconjuror.ButhowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?Andifthatfeatwasduetogenuinetelepathicpower,theotherdemonstrationscouldalsobegenuine.

1.Inline11,“derives”mostnearlymeans（

）.

2.Itbeinferredfromline19-25thatthetelepathist’sdemonstrationswouldappearmostconvincingtoacriticalobserverifthetelepathistwereto

（

）.

3.The“acquaintance”mentionedinline19canbestbedescribedasa

（

）.

4.Whichphrasebestcharacterizestheauthor’sgeneralattitudeinthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Obtains

B.infers

C.connects

D.traces

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.providemoreinformationabouthisbackground

B.critiquetheperformancesofothertelepathist

C.performinarigorouslycontrolledenvironment

D.talkaboutwhatheisdoingasheperforms

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.skeptic

B.hypocrite

C.hoaxer

D.confidant

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Completeindifferent

B.righteousindignation

C.Cynicalamusement

D.guardedacceptance

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.題干中的單詞出現(xiàn)在第二段第二句Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal（通過撫摸放在臉上的硬幣，他把我的手表指針調(diào)慢了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，日期也調(diào)回到了兩天前，他解釋說這是為了從金屬那里……力量）?？梢酝茰y(cè)“他解釋這種力量是從金屬那里得到的”，derive在這里是“獲得，得到”的意思。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章最后一段提到作者對(duì)于心靈感應(yīng)者其他一些手段他能夠識(shí)破，比如snappingthekeyswithhisfingersandalteringthehandsanddateonmywatchwiththewinderwouldhavebeenwellwithintheabilityofaskilledconjuror，但是作者對(duì)如何偽造畫這一過程不明白，因?yàn)檫@是他重構(gòu)的畫（buthowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?），這件事也是作者正在做的一件事。因此可以推測(cè)，如果當(dāng)表演的時(shí)候，談?wù)摰氖钦谧龅氖虑椋敲葱撵`感應(yīng)者的表演會(huì)更有說服力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.題干中的單詞出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段第二句話Onlythedaybefore,anacquaintancehadwarnedmetowatchcarefullyforsleight-of-handtricks,especiallyasthemanhadearlierbeenastageconjuror（就在前兩天，我的一個(gè)……還警告我要小心戲法，特別是當(dāng)那個(gè)人以前是個(gè)舞臺(tái)魔術(shù)師的時(shí)候。）警告者要作者當(dāng)心舞臺(tái)上的一些小把戲，證明他對(duì)魔術(shù)師的花招比較了解。選項(xiàng)A符合題意，這個(gè)警告者是一個(gè)懷疑者。

4.作者在最后一段提到他承認(rèn)很多舞臺(tái)上的表演其實(shí)是戲法，但是作者對(duì)如何偽造畫這一過程不明白，因?yàn)檫@是他重構(gòu)的畫（buthowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?）。證明作者對(duì)有些部分還是有疑問的。所以選項(xiàng)D“有保留的接受”符合題意。

18.單選題

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydisputes（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。這里空格所在的句子bothsides是主語，謂語動(dòng)詞regards，賓語theterritorydisputes，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，后面的空格部分應(yīng)該屬于后置定語結(jié)構(gòu)，regardsthassth有“認(rèn)為怎么樣”之意。這里settled過去分詞作形容詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，也就是“settleddisputes解決了的爭(zhēng)端”，句意為：經(jīng)過數(shù)輪談判后，雙方都認(rèn)為這個(gè)領(lǐng)土紛爭(zhēng)問題得到解決了。答案選D。

19.單選題

Examinationsdonot（）studentstoseekmoreknowledge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exert

B.instruct

C.motivate

D.qualify

【答案】C

【解析】詞義辨析題。exert運(yùn)用；instruct指導(dǎo)；motivate激勵(lì)；qualify使…有資格。句意：考試無法激勵(lì)學(xué)生去追求更多的知識(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

20.單選題

Newresearchontechnologyandpublicpolicyfocusesonhowseemingly（

）designfeatures,generallyoverlookedinmostanalysesofpublicworksprojectsorindustrialmachinery,actuallymasksocialchoicesofprofoundsignificance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insignificant

B.inexpensive

C.innovative

D.ingenious

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。insignificant“無關(guān)緊要的”；inexpensive“便宜的”；innovative“革新的，創(chuàng)新的”；ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的”。句意：新的研究技術(shù)和公共政策側(cè)重于研究看似無關(guān)緊要的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)，在大多數(shù)公共工程項(xiàng)目或工業(yè)機(jī)械分析中通常被忽視，實(shí)際上掩蓋社會(huì)選擇的深遠(yuǎn)的意義。由“actuallymasksocialchoicesofprofoundsignificance“其實(shí)掩蓋了社會(huì)選擇的深遠(yuǎn)意義”可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

Theoldman（）thememoryofhisdeadwife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.embraced

B.disclosed

C.cherished

D.stored

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)embrace“擁抱，信奉”；B選項(xiàng)disclose“公開，揭露”；C選項(xiàng)cherish“珍愛”；D想store“貯藏，儲(chǔ)存”。cherishthememoryof意為“懷念（某人）”。根據(jù)句意“老人懷念他死去的妻子?！彼赃x項(xiàng)C正確。

22.單選題

Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gaps

B.rate

C.length

D.intervals

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)題意本題表述的是每隔一段時(shí)間可以去周邊旅游，因此選項(xiàng)A、B、C均與題意不符，而選項(xiàng)D是固定搭配atregularintervals“每隔一段時(shí)間”因此選項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)正確。句意：學(xué)生和老師可以每隔一段時(shí)間參加島嶼周圍美麗的海灘活動(dòng)。

23.單選題

“Depression”ismorethanaseriouseconomicdownturn.Whatdistinguishesadepressionfromaharshrecessionisparalyzingfear—fearoftheunknownsogreatthatitcausesconsumers,businesses,andinvestorstoretreatandpanic.Theysaveupcashanddesperatelycutspending.Theysellstocksandotherassets.Ashatteringlossofconfidenceinspiresbehaviorthatoverwhelmsthenormalself-correctingmechanismsthatusuallypreventarecessionfrombecomingdeepandprolonged:adepression.

Comparing1929with2007-09,ChristinaRomer,theheadofPresidentObama’sCouncilofEconomicAdvisers,findstheinitialblowtoconfidencefargreaternowthanthen.True,stockpricesfellathirdfromSeptembertoDecember1929,butfewerAmericansthenownedstocks.Moreover,homepricesbarelydropped.FromDecember1928toDecember1929,totalhouseholdwealthdeclinedonly3%.Bycontrast,thelossinhouseholdwealthbetweenDecember2007andDecember2008was17%.Bothstocksandhomes,morewidelyheld,droppedmore.Thustraumatized,theeconomymighthavegoneintoafreefallendingindepression.Indeed,itdidgointofreefall.Shoppersrefrainedfrombuyingcars,appliances,andotherbig-ticketitems.Spendingonsuch“durables”droppedata12%annualratein2008’sthirdquarter,a20%rateinthefourth.Andbusinessshelvedinvestmentprojects.

Thatthesehugedeclinesdidn’tleadtodepressionmainlyreflects,asRomerargues,countermeasurestakenbythegovernment.Privatemarketsforgoods,services,labor,andsecuritiesdomostlyself-correct,butpanicfeedsonitselfanddisarmsthesestabilizingtendencies.Inthissituation,onlygovernmentcanprotecttheeconomyasawhole,becausemostindividualsandcompaniesareinvolvedintheself-defeatingbehaviorofself-protection.

Government’sfailuretoperformthisroleintheearly1930stransformedrecessionintodepression.Scholarswilld